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1.
BackgroundOsteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Cryotherapy liquid nitrogen has been used an adjuvant treatment for tumors for some decades.Case presentationA 23‐year‐old male patient was admitted to our hospital, mainly due to progressive pain in his left thigh, and confirmed osteosarcoma by local biopsy. A total length of 28 cm tumor bone was completely resected at the region of above and below lesion 3 cm under the guidance of MRI. After removed part of the tumor tissue, tumor bone was dealt with liquid nitrogen for 20 minutes. Finally, the bone was fixed with intramedullary needles for reconstruction. Three months after surgery, the X‐ray examination showed poor bone growth at both distal sides of osteotomy and disuse degeneration of knee joint. The patient was performed an incision on the lateral side of the distal left thigh to secure the locking plate, and followed up every 3 months. Two years after operation, there was no sign of local recurrence.ConclusionLiquid nitrogen for cryotherapy may be a feasible local therapy for large lesion of osteosarcoma in middle femur.  相似文献   

2.
目的 探讨骨巨细胞瘤(giant cell tumor of bone,GCT)的临床特点、误诊原因及防范措施,以提高GCT的临床诊治水平.方法 对术前曾误诊的8例GCT的临床和影像学资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组8例中因右侧髋部疼痛,行走困难入院2例;因左侧和右侧胫骨上段疼痛入院2例;因背部疼痛,且疼痛向右胸肋放射,...  相似文献   

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4.
目的:验证股骨远端肿瘤切除同种异体单髁移植重建的可行性,并观察其初步结果.方法:对2003-07/2008-08在解放军总医院骨科行股骨远端肿瘤切除、新鲜深冻同种异体单髁重建修复骨缺损的12例患者进行回顾性分析.12例患者中,病变位于股骨内髁者5例,位于股骨外髁者7例.8例是骨巨细胞瘤,其中2例就诊时伴有病理骨折;3例骨肉瘤和1例低分化纤维肉瘤.移植前进行MRI和/或CT检查,明确肿瘤的范围确实小于半侧股骨髁.骨肉瘤和纤维肉瘤的患者接受移植前3个疗程和移植后6个疗程的抗肿瘤药物治疗;骨巨细胞瘤患者术中未进行辅助处理.移植后标本的边缘常规进行病理学检查;采用X射线片或CT进行随访;采用骨骼和肌肉肿瘤协会的评分系统对移植后功能进行评价.结果:所有患者均获得随访,移植后随访时间平均35个月,无患者死亡.在最近的随访时未发现肿瘤出现局部复发或者转移,未出现明显的免疫排斥反应或者感染,钢板也无松动或者断裂.所有患者的移植物均存位.3例患者出现软骨下骨塌陷和关节退变,但是功能良好;3例患者出现膝关节不稳.在30点满分的骨骼和肌肉肿瘤协会评分中平均为26点.结论:对于病变限于股骨单髁的骨巨细胞瘤和抗肿瘤药物治疗后具有清晰边界的恶性肿瘤患者,在充分切除肿瘤的基础上,进行同种异体单髁移植是一种较好的治疗方法.  相似文献   

5.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) or von Recklinghausen's disease is a genetic disease generally characterized by café-au-lait spots and neurofibromas. Malignant tumors of the nervous system, such as malignant schwannomas, gliomas, or astrocytomas, have been well known to coexist with neurofibromatosis. However, occurrence of malignant tumors unrelated to the nervous system is rare. We report an unusual case of a 29-year-old NF1 female suffering from malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) that eventually developed osteosarcoma in the proximal femur. Osteosarcoma is the most common high-grade malignant bone tumor in which the neoplastic cells produce osteoid. At 23 and 24 years old, she underwent excision of MPNST in the left posterior thigh. No osteosarcomatous portion was identified in these specimens. The patient underwent postoperative chemotherapy. At 29, left proximal thigh pain and swelling appeared. Computed tomography demonstrated cortical bone destruction in the left proximal femur where MPNST occurred. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed extraskeletal growth of the tumor. Bone scintigraphy demonstrated increased uptake in the left proximal femur. Hip disarticulation was performed. The removed tumor was composed of highly anaplastic cells. Lace-like irregular osteoid formation was observed among the tumor cells. MPNST component was totally absent. The tumor was diagnosed as osteoblastic type osteosarcoma. Two months after disarticulation the patient died of bilateral pulmonary metastasis. The correlation between the histogenesis of osteosarcoma and the genetic abnormality in NF1 patients has not been elucidated, but the finding of osteosarcomatous transformation in this case suggests the divergent cellular differentiation to mesenchymal malignant tumors of neuroectodermal tissue in NF1 patients.  相似文献   

6.
背景:胫骨中段骨肉瘤患者的保肢手术并发症多,其保肢手术方案是当前临床治疗中的难点之一。目的:回顾性分析接受大段同种异体骨移植治疗的胫骨中段骨肉瘤病例,评估其综合临床疗效。方法:7例胫骨中段骨肉瘤患者,完成同种异体骨移植前正规辅助化疗方案,并移植前确认无远处转移。7例患者均接受大段同种异体骨移植+内固定术治疗,异体骨平均长度12.5 cm,移植中全部行腓肠肌肌瓣转移覆盖移植骨。移植后5例患者完成化疗方案,2例部分完成化疗方案。结果与结论:随访时间18-36个月。移植后1年局部复发1例,行截肢术后出现肺转移死亡;移植后1.5年肺转移1例,转移灶切除后存活;移植后2年死于肺转移1例;余4例无瘤生存。MSTS评分:平均26.5分。ISOLS评分:平均31分。4例未成年患者中,1例患者出现双下肢不等长畸形,患肢缩短2 cm。无移植后感染病例和移植后病理性骨折病例。结果提示,严格把握适应证的前提下,使用大段同种异体骨移植治疗胫骨中段骨肉瘤能够获得较好的移植后功能;移植中行腓肠肌肌瓣转移覆盖移植骨是降低移植后并发症的有效措施。  相似文献   

7.
背景:骨肉瘤合并病理性骨折以往采用截肢治疗。随着新辅助化疗的临床应用,人工假体制作工艺和材料的改进,部分骨肉瘤合并病理性骨折的患者获得了保肢治疗的可能。目的:探讨特制人工膝关节假体置换在骨肉瘤合并病理性骨折保肢治疗中的效果。方法:2002年6月至2012年9月共收治11例临近膝关节骨肉瘤合并病理性骨折患者,根据患者的个体情况定制肿瘤膝关节假体行保肢治疗,对其随访结果进行回顾性分析。其中男6例(54.5%),女5例(45.5%);年龄11-50岁,平均25.4岁;发病部位:股骨远端7例,胫骨近端4例。所有患者均接受新辅助化疗并应用特制膝关节假体行保肢治疗,随访时间9-105个月。结果与结论:11例患者假体置换后局部复发率为18%,肺转移率为36%,5年生存率为58%。4例患者发生肺转移,死亡时间为假体置换后9-24个月。末次随访患肢Enneking评分11-30分,平均23.3分,优良率为82%。提示应用特制膝关节假体置换联合新辅助化疗方案,对膝关节周围骨肉瘤合并病理骨折患者行保肢治疗近期效果理想,远期疗效尚需评价。  相似文献   

8.
BACKGROUNDGiant cell tumor (GCT) is a benign lesion and rarely involves the patella. This disease is characterized by a relatively high recurrence rate after primary treatment. En bloc resection has been a predominant option for recurrent GCT. However, total patellectomy can lead to disruption of the knee. Therefore, exploration of functional reconstruction of the extensor mechanism is worthwhile.CASE SUMMARYA 54-year-old woman presented with right knee pain and swelling, and was diagnosed as having a GCT in the patella following curettage and autograft. Medical imaging revealed a lytic and expanded lesion involving the whole patella with focal cortical breaches and pathological fracture. Based on the combination of histological, radiological, and clinical features, a diagnosis of recurrent GCT in the patella was made (Campanacci grade III). After a multidisciplinary team discussion, three-dimensional (3D)-printed custom-made patellar endoprosthesis was performed following en bloc resection for reconstructing the extensor mechanism. The patient was followed for 35 mo postoperatively. No evidence of local recurrence, pulmonary metastasis, or osteoarthritis of the right knee was observed. The active flexion arc was 0°-120°, and no extension lag was detected. A favorable patellar tracking and height (Insall-Salvati ratio 0.93) were detected by radiography.CONCLUSIONWe depict a case of a GCT at the right patella, which was successfully treated by patellectomy and 3D-printed custom-made endoprosthetic replacement. The patella normal reconstruction, the precise-fit articular design, and gastrocnemius flap augmentation could lead to satisfactory knee function and a low rate of complications in the short-term follow-up.  相似文献   

9.
骨旁骨肉瘤23例临床病理分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的 探讨骨旁骨肉瘤的临床病理学特点,侧重于诊断和鉴别诊断。方法 回顾性分析23例骨旁骨肉瘤的临床资料,影像学表现、组织学形态及随访结果,结果 男13例,女10例,年龄范围14-52岁,平均30岁。临床多表现为下肢肿胀和/或缓慢性生长的肿块,X线显示为附着于干骺端骨皮质表面生长的广基性蘑菇状致密肿块影,部分病例于肿块和其下骨皮质间可见狭窄的透亮带,CT证实6例伴有髓内累及(26%)。部位以股骨下端后方最多见(65.2%),其次为胫骨上段(17.4%)。组织学主要由相对成熟的骨组织和镶嵌于骨组织之间的纤维母 细胞样细胞所组成,细胞间常伴有明显的胶原化,瘤细胞的异型性不明显,大部分为Broder‘sI级,少数为Ⅱ级,15例随访结果显示,10例局切后复发(66.7%),2例出现肺部转移(13%),其中1例于多次局部复发后发生去分化。结论 骨旁骨肉瘤是一种低度恶性的骨肉瘤,特性性的X线表现有诊断意义,切除不彻底极易局部复发。  相似文献   

10.
近十余年来,显微外科技术在四肢恶性肿瘤的截肢术和保肢术中广泛应用。肢体恶性肿瘤保肢手术切除后造成巨大的组织缺损。用显微外科技术行皮(肌)瓣移植、吻合血管的骨移植等,伤口常可达到一期愈合,而且有良好的功能恢复。显微外科技术在截肢术中主要用于截肢平面的选取、截肢后局部组织的处理等方面。在截肢术和保肢术中应用显微外科技术可使患者的肢体功能在术后有最大的恢复,符合了现在的普遍观点,即外科治疗的最高目标和最终评价是功能而非外形。  相似文献   

11.
BACKGROUNDHutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an extremely rare disease characterized by the rapid appearance of aging with an onset in childhood. Serious cardiovascular complications can be life-threatening events for affected patients and the cause of early death. Herein we report a HGPS patient with osteosarcoma hat was successfully managed and is alive 13 years after the diagnosis. This is the first report describing the detailed surgical procedure and long-term follow-up of osteosarcoma in a patient with HGPS. CASE SUMMARYThe patient was diagnosed with HGPS at 5 years of age with typical features and was referred to our department with a suspected bone tumor of the left proximal tibia at the age of 18. Open biopsy of the tibial bone tumor revealed a conventional fibroblastic osteosarcoma. We have developed and performed a freezing technique using liquid nitrogen for tumor reconstruction. This technique overcame the small size of the tibia for megaprosthesis and avoided amputation and limb salvage was achieved 13 years post-operatively. Although the patient had a number of surgical site complications, such as wound dehiscence, and superficial and deep infections due to vulnerable skin in HGPS, no recurrence or metastases were detected for 13 years, and she walks assisted by crutches. Her general health was good at the latest follow-up at 31 years of age.CONCLUSIONA HGPS patient with osteosarcoma was successfully managed and she was alive 13 years after the diagnosis.  相似文献   

12.
背景:股骨远端是原发性骨肿瘤的好发部位,目前大部分都选用保肢治疗。国内外有很多关于股骨远端肿瘤型人工膝关节假体早期和中期功能及预后的报道,但对其长期功能及预后的报道尚少。 目的:探讨行国产型股骨远端肿瘤型旋转铰链式膝关节假体置换后患者的假体长期预后情况及肢体功能。 方法:回顾性分析2000年1月至2008年6月安徽医科大学第一附属医院骨科收治的股骨远端恶性骨肿瘤患者34例,均采用旋转铰链式人工假体置换。 结果与结论:34例患者平均随访时间62.4个月(11-126个月),末次随访23例患者生存,11例患者死亡;23例生存患者中7例发生与假体相关并发症:4例行翻修,3例行截肢。肿瘤型膝关节假体的患者5年生存率为67.6%;29例患者在置换后2年时行膝关节Enneking评分,总体平均分为19.3分(7-27分):优6例,良16例,中5例,差2例,患者假体功能总的优良率为75.9%。结果提示,旋转铰链式人工假体置换在治疗股骨远端恶性骨肿瘤中能获得满意的肢体功能和患者长期生存率。  相似文献   

13.
背景:骨肿瘤治疗的目标不仅仅是完整切除肿瘤组织,而且应最大限度的修复组织缺损并恢复受损功能,自体灭活骨是具有实用价值的移植和重建材料。 目的:探讨改良Malawer法结合瘤段截骨灭活回植治疗腓骨近端骨肿瘤的效果。 方法:内蒙古医科大学附属医院骨科2007年以来收治5例6侧腓骨近端肿瘤患者,分别采用股骨下段截肢、瘤腔内刮除植骨、腓骨上段截骨肿瘤切除+瘤段截骨加热(70℃蒸馏水中加热15 min)灭活回植内固定治疗,随访观察治疗效果。 结果与结论:1例截肢患者随访4年未见肿瘤复发和全身转移;1例瘤腔内刮除植骨患者术后1年复发;3例腓骨上段截骨肿瘤切除加热灭活回植内固定患者随访5个月,行走功能接近正常,膝关节外侧结构愈合好,拍片显示灭活骨截骨部尚未愈合,骨痂形成不明显,局部未见肿瘤复发,内固定无松动,灭活骨无骨折和吸收迹象。结果证实截肢和肿瘤刮除都有较明显的局限性;在Malawer术式基础上将瘤段截取骨灭活后回植能更好地保证小腿骨骼结构的完整性,原位重建膝关节外侧的股二头肌腱和侧副韧带止点,但灭活骨血运重建和愈合会随着灭活温度的提高而变得困难和缓慢,因而患者术后支具保护的时间应予以相对延长,允许剧烈运动的时间需要延迟,避免出现骨折等并发症。  相似文献   

14.
Background. Large osseous defects are occasionally present at the site of a primary total knee arthroplasty. Such defects may be treated with the augments and wedges that constitute an integral part of modern knee systems, replacing deficient bone. The use of structural bone grafts is a viable alternative for the treatment of massive bone loss. Material and methods. In 2004 in our department we treated 6 patients with severe gonarthrosis (grade V according to Ahlb?ck), with large bone defects involving one-third of the medial tibial condyle. In 4 patients (3 women) we performed unilateral primary arthroplasty, and in 2 patients (1 woman), bilateral. In all 8 cases we implanted a posterior stabilized, cemented, total knee prosthesis. To achieve axial implantation of the prosthesis and stable fixation of the components, we performed osseous reconstruction of the medial tibial condyle using autologous structural bone grafts. Grafts originating from the femoral condyles and lateral tibial condyle were fixed with cancellous screws. Results. In clinical examination we observed an average 70-point postoperative increase in knee function according to the Hospital for Special Surgery system. None of the patients have clinical or radiological signs of implant loosening. Subjective evaluation of the outcome of TKA revealed good and excellent results. Conclusions. Structural autologous bone grafts can be successfully used for reconstruction of large osseous defects in selected cases of severe gonarthrosis.  相似文献   

15.
人工肩关节假体置换治疗肱骨近端恶性骨肿瘤   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的:探讨人工肩关节假体置换治疗肱骨近端恶性骨肿瘤的疗效。方法:1985年8月至2003年8月我院共对35例肱骨近端恶性骨肿瘤患者行肿瘤瘤段切除,人工肩关节假体置换保肢术。其中骨肉瘤9例,骨巨细胞瘤9例,钵骨肉瘤5例,尤文氏肉瘤2例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤3例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤2例,纤维肉瘤2例,转移癌3例。结果:35例患者中,5例失访,2例因肺部原发肿瘤死亡,6例因原发恶性骨肿瘤转移死亡,一2例因昂部复发而行前四分之一截肢术,1例因感染行假体翻修术;重建成功的20例患者无瘤生存,最长18年,最短6个月,平均6年,所有患者未发现假体松动或断裂。按Enneking骨骼肌肉肿瘤术后评估标准,平均评分24.6分,评分在24分以上者占65%。结论:人工肩关节假体置换在冶疗肱骨近端恶性肿瘤方面,不仅能保留患肢完整的外观形态,而且能在很大程度上保留上肢的功能,是一种值得肯定的治疗方法。  相似文献   

16.
The incidence of tumours found in the patella, including primary and metastatic tumours, is low. Solitary metastasis of oesophageal carcinoma (OC) in the patella is even rarer. A 50-year-old man presented to our clinic because of pain and limited range of motion in the right knee for 4 hours and after a fall. On the basis of the patient’s medical history, he was diagnosed with OC 2 months previously and underwent two cycles of paclitaxel liposome combined with tiggio chemotherapy (oral tiggio, 40 mg, two times/day, with a treatment cycle of 3 weeks). A 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy scan showed increased radioactivity in the right patella. A right knee biopsy showed the presence of patellar metastasis from OC. Unfortunately, the patient denied additional treatment and was discharged for personal reasons. At the 1-month follow-up, which was conducted by a telephone survey, we learned that the patient had died of acute pulmonary embolism. X-rays and computed tomography are useful for diagnosing patellar metastases, but 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy can help physicians diagnose patellar metastasis of OC more rapidly. Biopsy with pathology is the gold standard for diagnosing patellar metastases. Additionally, timely surgical treatment prolongs the survival time of these patients.  相似文献   

17.
《Pain》1997,69(1-2):1-18
The presence of bone metastases predicts the presence of pain and is the most common cause of cancer-related pain. Although bone metastases do not involve vital organs, they may determine deleterious effects in patients with prolonged survival. Bone fractures, hypercalcaemia, neurologic deficits and reduced activity associated with bone metastases result in an overall compromise in the patient's quality of life. A metastasis is a consequence of a cascade of events including a progressive growth at the primary site, vascularization phase, invasion, detachment, embolization, survival in the circulation, arrest at the site of a metastasis, extravasion, evasion of host defense and progressive growth. Once cancer cells establish in the bone, the normal process of bone turnover is disturbed. The different mechanisms responsible for osteoclast activation correspond to typical radiologic features showing lytic, sclerotic or mixed metastases, according to the primary tumor. The release of chemical mediators, the increased pressure within the bone, microfractures, the stretching of periosteum, reactive muscle spasm, nerve root infiltration and compression of nerves by the collapse of vertebrae are the possible mechanisms of malignant bone pain. Pain is often disproportionate to the size or degree of bone involvement. A comprehensive assessment including a trusting relationship with the patient, taking a careful history of the pain complaint, the characteristics of the pain, the evaluation of the psychological status of the patient, neurological examination, the reviewing of diagnostic studies and laboratory findings, and individualization of the therapeutic approach, should precede any treatment. Radiotherapy is the cornerstone of the treatment. Low doses given in a single session are safe and effective, and reduce distress and inconvenience associated with repeated sessions. Radioisotopes are more imprecise in delivering specific doses of radiation, but have less toxicity and easy administration as well as effectiveness in subclinical sites of metastases, although storage, dispensing and administration should be under strict control. Chemotherapy and endocrine therapy are difficult to measure in terms of pain relief. Prophylactic fixation surgery can lead to improved survival and quality of life of patients with bone metastases. Surgical treatment should be undertaken when fracture occurs. Careful selection of patients for surgical spinal decompression is required. The potential benefits of surgical interventions have to be tempered with patient survival. The use of analgesics according to the WHO ladder is recommended. There is no clear evidence that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have a specific efficacy in malignant bone pain. The difficulty with incident pain is not a lack of response to systemic opioids, but rather that the doses required to control the incidental pain produce unacceptable side-effects at rest. Alternative measures are often required. The inhibition of bone resorption and hypercalcaemia can be reduced by the use of bisphosphonates. This class of drugs potentiate the effects of analgesics in improving metastatic bone pain. Invasive techniques are rarely indicated, but may provide analgesia in the treatment of pain resistant to the other modalities. Neural blockade should never be used as the sole modality for malignant bone pain, but should be considered as a helpful in specific pain situations. Careful appraisal and the application of a correct approach should enable the patient with bone metastases to obtain an acceptable pain relief despite the advanced nature of their malignant disease.  相似文献   

18.
骨肉瘤是一种起源于间充质组织的原发性恶性肿瘤,主要发生在儿童和青少年,具有恶性程度高、生长快、转移早及预后差等特点。目前国内外大部分研究主要集中于早期诊断和治疗上。然而,可靠的预测指标对于监测疾病变化、指导治疗和评估预后至关重要。近几年关于骨肉瘤预后相关基因的研究已成为新的热点,其异常表达影响骨肉瘤细胞的进展、侵袭和转...  相似文献   

19.
背景:有研究表明,胫骨平台骨折切开复位内固定的病例中远期出现继发性骨性关节炎,但很少有研究者报道关节镜辅助下胫骨平台骨折内固定的中远期效果。目的:关节镜下经皮植骨或螺钉内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折后1年及4年后的效果及放射学评价。方法:收集2007年3月和2009年3月期间,汕头大学医学院第一附属医院骨科收治的胫骨外侧平台骨折经关节镜辅助下植骨或螺钉内固定病例的资料,记录骨折Schatzker分型、术中平台侧软骨缺损、股骨侧软骨损伤、关节内软组织损伤、复位不足及术后外侧平台骨折沉降资料。评估植骨或螺钉内固定后1年和4年时膝关节Lysholm评分、Ahlback骨性关节炎分级以及Rasmussen功能评分和放射性评分。结果与结论:23例患者完成随访研究,植骨或螺钉内固定后1,4年平均Lysholm评分分别为90分和87分(P=0.23),Rasmussen功能评分平均为26分和24分(P〈0.30)。术后4年有11例(47.8%)出现膝关节骨性关节炎,Rasmussen放射学评分从术后初期17.4分下降至术后4年的13.6分(P=0.01)。各型骨折与预后无相关性;老年病例、软骨损伤或,和缺损、关节内软组织损伤以及术后外侧平台沉降影响术后中期功能和影像学结果;但统计中发现,胫骨侧软骨缺损对于中期发生关节炎的作用远低于股骨侧的软骨损伤。结果提示:术后早期的影像学结果并不能完全与术后4年的结果相匹配,但中期随访的临床和功能结果仍然满意。患者年龄、合并关节内软骨和软组织损伤以及术后胫骨平台沉降均是影响治疗后患膝出现骨性关节炎的消极因素。胫骨侧软骨缺损对于中期发生关节炎的消极作用远低于股骨侧的软骨损伤,可能与完好的外侧半月板功能有关。  相似文献   

20.
Background. A case of a large bone defect treated with bone cement filler is discussed, and the usefulness and advantages of this treatment method are assessed. Case report. A 25-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with an intra-articular pathological fracture of the lateral femoral condyle due to an underlying giant cell tumor (stage I according to the Enneking classification). The tumor was surgically resected, and the walls of the post-operative bone defect were treated with a burr. The defect was then filled with bone cement (PMMA). The tumor was found to be histologically benign. Post-surgical treatment included immobilization in a cylinder cast and no weight bearing for a period of 8 weeks. The follow-up included frequent check-ups and repeated radiographs and CT scans. The follow-up period was 7 years, during which time no clinical or radiological signs of tumor recurrence were found. There was visible osteosclerosis surrounding the bone cement filler, which is believed to be a prognostically favorable finding, associated with a low risk of recurrence. The functional outcome of treatment was assessed with the Knee Rating Score. The patient gained a knee score of 100 points and a functional score of 100 points. Conclusions. The use of bone cement in order to fill a bone defect after tumor excision proved to be an effective and safe method to manage a giant-cell tumor of the bone. This method provided good biomechanical circumstances and allowed for good follow-up, as it enabled easy detection of possible tumor recurrence.  相似文献   

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