Intranuclear androgen and cytosolic receptor concentrations in the axillary skin of osmidrosis

Summary 5-Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in the crude nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of the axillary skin of both male and female patients with osmidrosis and the levels compared with those of nongenital skin. The intranuclear levels of DHT were 1.44±0.22 and 1.77±0.38 pg/g DNA in men and women, respectively. Those of testosterone were about 10% of DHT levels. In the skin of nontarget regions nuclear DHT was much scarcer or undetectable. Cytosolic androgen receptors in isolated apocrine glands were also measured using ³H-R1881 as a ligand. Typical androgen receptors were present in all of eight patients (K_D=1.32 ±0.24×10^–9M, B_max=10.3±0.51 fmol/mg protein). Neither the intranuclear androgen concentrations nor the cytosolic androgen receptor levels were significantly different between the two sexes. These data indicate clearly that the apocrine gland of patients with osmidrosis is a typical androgen target organ, irrespective of sex, and suggest that nuclear DHT in the axillary skin of women is derived from not only testosterone but also other precursors, especially in consideration of the very low serum concentrations of testosterone in females.     

Regional difference in sebum production by androgen susceptibility in human facial skin

Androgens are important hormones that influence sebum production from the sebaceous glands. Human facial skin can be categorized as T‐ and U‐zones, which are areas with high and low levels of sebum secretion, respectively. This study was performed to investigate whether there are topographical differences in androgen receptor (AR) expression related to regional variations in facial sebum secretion. The results of in vivo analysis indicated a statistically significant increase in AR expression in the sebaceous gland T‐zones compared with the U‐zones. In vitro experiments using human primary sebocytes also yielded similar results, with higher levels of AR protein and mRNA expression in T‐zones. The results of this study suggested that differences in androgen susceptibility may be an important factor influencing regional differences in sebum production in human facial skin.     

Intranuclear tonofilament-like filaments in skin carcinoma

Electron microscopical investigations of untreated solar keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, and Bowen carcinoma showed intranuclear bundles of intermediate filaments in suprabasal keratinocytes. We found evidence that the filaments are incorporated into the nucleus during atypical mitosis.     

Location of androgen receptor in human skin.

The distribution of androgen receptor (AR) in human skin was studied by an immunohistochemical method using a polyclonal antibody against the human AR. Skin samples of preputial skin and male and female nongenital skin were examined. The possible correlation of AR location to acne was studied in skin biopsies from skin areas affected or unaffected by acne. In preputial skin, AR was expressed in epidermal cells as well as in fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells of blood vessels in the dermal area. AR was found located also in the flat fibroblast-like cells of Pacinian corpuscles. In nongenital skin, AR was also expressed in the basal cells and glandular cells of sebaceous glands, in the outer root sheath of hair follicles, and in eccrine sweat glands. The presence of AR in different cell types in the skin reflects the numerous direct effects androgens may have on this target tissue. The distribution of AR was similar in male and female skin.     

应用随意微小皮瓣术修复颜面皮肤缺损58例效果评价

目的：评价随意微小皮瓣修复颜面部皮肤外科手术后皮肤缺损的效果。方法：58例颜面部皮肤外科手术患者采用随意微小皮瓣修复皮肤缺损。结果：7种58例随意微小皮瓣修复颜面部皮肤缺损,55例术后效果满意,无牵拉变形,瘢痕隐蔽。3例患者出现术后皮瓣远端青紫或周边出现表皮水疱现象,随访均痊愈。随意微小皮瓣最常用于颊部,其次是额部、鼻部、眼睑、口唇及口周部位、颞部、眉部、下颏。应用最多的是皮下蒂滑行推进皮瓣。结论：合理设计个性化随意微小皮瓣修复颜面部皮肤缺损,可获得满意疗效。     

Myocardial infarction, androgen and the skin

Various indices of masculinity were compared in 48 men who had recovered from myocardial infarction and in their age-matched controls. We found little evidence to support the idea that myocardial infarction is related to increased androgenic stimulation. The patients with myocardial infarction had no increase in plasma testosterone, muscle thickness, sebum excretion rate, maximal sweat secretion rate, male pattern alopecia or density of terminal body hair, but as a group they had a slight increase in skin and bone thickness compared with the controls.     

Hydroquinone concentrations in skin lightening creams

Forty-one over-the-counter skin lightening creams were analysed for hydroquinone content, and the accuracy of tables of contents supplied with these products was assessed. Eight of the 41 were found to contain more than 2% hydroquinone, the maximum concentration permitted by the U.K. Cosmetic Products Regulations. Eighteen of these preparations failed to comply with labelling requirements. A list is given of those products containing less than 2% hydroquinone which are adequately labelled.     

Chronic actinic damage of facial skin

Chronic actinic damage of the skin manifests itself as extrinsic skin aging (photoaging) and photocarcinogenesis. During the last decade, substantial progress has been made in understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms of photoaging. DNA photodamage and ultraviolet-generated reactive oxygen species are the initial events that lead to most of the typical histologic and clinical manifestations of chronic photodamage of the skin. Chronic actinic damage affects all layers of the skin. Keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells are altered by ultraviolet radiation and can result in numerous changes in human skin, particularly the skin of fair-skinned individuals. These changes include actinic keratosis, thickening and wrinkling, elastosis, telengiectasia, solar comedones, diffuse or mottled hyperpigmentation, and skin cancers. There are many options in the treatment of changes caused by chronic actinic damage. The most effective measure of prevention of the photoaging and photocarcinogenesis is sun protection.     

邻位皮瓣修复术修复面部肿瘤切除后皮肤缺损

目的总结面部肿瘤切除后邻位皮瓣修复术修复皮肤缺损的经验。方法在全身麻醉或局部麻醉下,行皮肤病变切除,根据切除肿瘤皮肤缺损大小、部位、深度,采取A-T皮瓣、旋转皮瓣、斧形皮瓣等修复创面。结果共46处皮肤缺损,通过皮瓣转移均达到理想修复效果,未出现皮瓣坏死及并发症。结论邻位皮瓣修复面部肿瘤切除后皮肤缺损,术后无组织和器官变形,瘢痕隐蔽,与周围皮肤颜色无差别。     

皮肤组织工程学技术在面部缺陷中的应用——自身皮肤（幼生）干细胞培育注射储存

目的 通过对59例面部皱纹、颈纹、唇纹、手背纹、鼻唇沟及瘢痕凹陷使用皮肤组织工程学技术一“祛除皮肤凹陷性缺损的注射液”进行治疗后的观察，总结治疗经验。方法 取手术切除的正常皮肤去表皮留含成纤维细胞的组织块，通过细胞培养4～6代后，取5000～8000万个成纤维细胞加入2～6ml生理盐水制成注射液，将注射液注入面部皱纹、颈纹、唇纹、手背纹、鼻唇沟及面部瘢痕凹陷区。结果 注射后皱纹舒平，面部凹陷纠正，美容效果显著。结论 皮肤组织工程学技术一祛除皮肤凹陷性缺损的注射液祛除面部皱纹、颈纹、唇纹、手背纹、鼻唇沟及瘢痕凹陷效果显著，无副作用，能维持较长时间，有推广价值。