氢化物-原子荧光法测定食品及生活饮用水中硒含量

目的：建立测定食品和生活饮用水中硒含量的方法。方法：采用微波消解法消化食品样品，用原子荧光光度计测定硒的含量。结果：本法的检出限为0．40ng／ml，回收率为93％-105％，经对国家标准物质的分析结果证明，其测定结果与推荐值符合。结论本法具有简单快速、灵敏度高、结果可靠、样品用量少等优点。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血清As

本文研究了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血清中As的适宜条件,不用砷硒分析仪,给出了利用基体改进剂直接测定血清As的方法,检出限为10ng/ml。回收率96.8-103.2%,线性范围：50-600ng/ml。方法简单、快速、准确、避免了砷的挥发损失,用于实际血清样品分析得到了满意结果。     

奥氮平血药浓度的测定及其人体药代动力学

目的 建立测定人血浆中奥氮平浓度的HPLC－UV方法，研究健康受试者口服奥氮平片后的药代动力学。方法 以阿米替林为内标，血浆样品加维生素C抗氧化，经碱化后用乙醚－环已烷进行萃取。以0.01mol/L磷酸铵（pH4.0)－甲醇－乙腈（55：22.5：22.5）为流动相，采用Hypersil silica柱进行分离，紫外270nm处进行测定。结果 方法的专属性较好；低、中、高浓度（1.19,9.50,38.00ng/ml）的平均提取回收率分别为81.97,93.47和96.72。该法在1.19-38.00ng/ml浓度范围内呈线性关系，最低检测浓度为1.19ng/ml，日内、日间RSD分别小于9％和12％。用此法测定了20名健康受试者单剂量po奥氮平片后的血药浓度经时变化过程。结论 该法灵敏度高，重现性好，操作简便，适用于临床药代动力学研究和血药浓度监测。     

原子荧光光谱法同时测定水质中砷和硒

目的 探讨同时测定水质中砷和硒的检测方法。方法 选择最佳分析条件，对灯电流、酸度、抗干扰离子等进行研究。结果 方法检出限砷为0．19ng／ml，相关系数0．9995；硒为0．11ng／ml，相关系数0．9993；两精密度均在6．0％以内，砷、硒加标回收率均在93．5％～111．0％之间。结论 该法适用于水质中砷硒的同时测定。     

HPLC—MS和HPLC—UV同时测定人血浆中阿斯匹林和水杨酸的浓度

目的：同时测定人血浆中阿斯匹林和水杨酸的浓度。方法：用HPLC－MS法测定人血浆中阿斯匹林,同时用HPLC－UV法测定人血浆中水杨酸的浓度。结果：阿斯匹林,水杨酸的线性范围分别为20－1000ng/ml和0．1－20ug/ml,最低检测浓度分别为5．0ng/ml和0．1ug/ml,方法的绝对回收率均大于90％,高,中,低浓度的日内和日间变异系数均小于10％,结论：该方法符合生物样品分析要求,可用于人体内药代动力学研究。     

食品中微量硒、砷的微波溶样——原子荧光测定法

目的探讨微波溶样——原子荧光法测定食品硒、砷的方法。方法用微波消解法分解食品样品,用原子荧光分光光度法测定样品中硒、砷的含量。结果微波溶样——原子荧光法测定食品中的硒、砷,相对标准偏差分别为2.38%和2.86%;线性范围为(10.0～100.0)ng/ml;最低检出限均为0.47μg/L;平均回收率分别为97.1%和96.9%。结论本方法有良好的精密度和准确度,操作简单、快速、方便,可避免污染,减少损失,消解彻底,加入试剂少,空白值低,提高了方法的检出限,值得推广。     

微波消解-原子荧光法测定食品中的总砷

采用微波消解进行样品前处理,以硫脲+抗坏血酸为预还原剂,用氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定食品中的总砷。通过正交设计,优化了样品消解和测定的条件,线性范围为2.0ng/ml~20.0ng/ml,回归方程的相关系数为0.9995,方法的检出限为1.98ng/ml,RSD为2.7%,回收率在94.4%~102.8%之间。     

微分电位溶出法测定冷饮食品巾的铅

冷饮食品中铅的测定方法很多，主要有双硫腙比色法、原子吸收光谱法等。双硫腙比色法，灵敏度低，样品需萃取，操作麻烦且还使用剧毒试剂。原子吸收光谱法，灵敏度也不太高．样品仍需萃取。用硝酸一高氯酸消化样品，微分电位溶出法测定冷饮食品中的铅，该方法的检出限为O．80ng／ml，在0-0．06μg/ml范围内线性相关系数为，r=0．9998，样品加标回收率为97．5—104．0％之间，相对标准偏差〈5．0％，用于冷饮食品中铅的测定．结果满意。     

LC-MS/MS检测血浆中黄连吴茱萸药对生物碱的研究

目的：快速准确测定黄连-吴茱萸药对中生物碱的血药浓度。方法：采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法对黄连-吴茱萸药对中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸药根碱和吴茱萸碱的血药浓度进行测定,以甲醇-水为流动相梯度洗脱,Hypersil GOLD C18柱（50 mm×2.1 mm,3μm）为固定相,流速为0.2 ml/min,柱温为35℃。质谱采用高温电喷雾离子源,以选择反应监测模式进行定量分析,血浆样品用乙腈直接沉淀处理。结果：盐酸小檗碱在1.243～30.578 ng/ml,盐酸巴马汀在1.240～30.541 ng/ml,盐酸药根碱在1.248～30.647 ng/ml,吴茱萸碱在28.432～553.314 ng/ml范围内均呈良好线性关系。日内、日间RSD均小于15%（n=5）。结论：本方法操作简单、灵敏度高、分析时间短,适用于黄连-吴茱萸药对生物碱血药浓度监测及药代动力学研究。     

高效液相色谱测定大鼠血浆中雷公藤甲素含量的方法改进

目的改进以高效液相色谱测定大鼠血浆中雷公藤甲素含量的方法。方法采用乙酸乙酯萃取的方法处理血浆。色谱柱为Agilent HC C18，流动相为乙腈-水（23：77），流速为1．0ml／min，检测波长为221nm，进样量为20ul。结果雷公藤甲素检测浓度在12．5～200ng／ml范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9997），最低检测限为3ng／ml，方法的相对回收率为88．6％-98.3％，日内和日间41KSD〈10％．样品冻-20℃冰箱10天内稳定性良好。结论本方法操作简便，灵敏度和精确度高．重现性好，适于雷公藤甲素的体内药物浓度测定和药动学研究。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.