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小儿骶前肿瘤的CT和MRI诊断 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
背景与目的:小儿骶前肿瘤有不同于成人骶前肿瘤的特征性影像学表现,而CT和MRI检查对于术前了解肿瘤的位置、内部成分、周围侵犯等情况有重要参考价值。本文分析小儿骶前肿瘤的CT和MRI表现,探讨CT和MRI对小儿骶前肿瘤的诊断价值。方法:搜集24例经手术病理证实的小儿骶前肿瘤的CT和MRI检查资料并进行回顾性分析。结果:24例骶前肿瘤中,囊性占位病变6例,病灶边界清楚,有完整包膜,病灶有多个囊腔;增强扫描囊壁强化,囊内容物无强化:病理证实均为良性病变。实性占位病变5例,肿块均表现为明显不均匀强化:病理证实均为恶性肿瘤。囊实混杂或实性成分内明显坏死囊变13例,其中7例为囊实性畸胎瘤,内可有条状钙化、软组织及脂肪密度,病理4例为良性肿瘤、3例为恶性肿瘤;5例为内胚窦瘤,呈蜂窝样强化;1例为神经母细胞瘤,肿瘤内部可见大片状坏死,肿瘤部分伸入椎管,骶骨受侵犯。肿瘤与周围组织界限不清楚者共5例,其中畸胎瘤3例,横纹肌肉瘤及内胚窦瘤各1例。侵犯骶骨者畸胎瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、神经母细胞瘤和淋巴管瘤各1例。结论:CT和MRI可清楚地显示小儿骶前间隙肿瘤的部位和范围,其中多数肿瘤可以定性。 相似文献
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[目的]分析骨化性肌炎的MRI表现,以提高对该病的影像诊断及鉴别诊断水平。[方法]对10例经病理证实的骨化性肌炎的MRI表现进行分析,并复习相关文献。[结果]10例骨化性肌炎为早期或中期病变。病灶分布在大腿7例,腹股沟区1例,腹壁1例,上臂1例。骨化性肌炎T1WI呈等或者稍低信号,T2WI呈高信号,4例伴有低信号区。4例增强扫描病灶明显强化,短T2信号区可见强化。1例累及骨髓。[结论]骨化性肌炎MRI表现复杂,但好发于股部肌肉、T2WI高信号为主,伴有短T2信号区的强化时提示骨化性肌炎的可能。 相似文献
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目的:探讨纵隔炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤(inflammatorymyofibroblastictumor,IMT)的临床、病理、组织化学特性和诊断方法及预后。方法:总结1例纵隔炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤病人的临床资料,并复习国内外文献,分析和归纳炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的临床表现、诊断和治疗。结果:患者女性,21岁,在我院全麻下行纵隔肿物切除术,术后病理示:"左中后纵隔"考虑炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤。术后2年,患者再次因"出现左侧胸背部疼痛1月"入院,在全麻下行左后纵隔占位切除术,术后病理示:恶性肌纤维母细胞瘤。术后疼痛短暂缓解,3个月后因局部疼痛,行胸部CT提示再次复发,肿瘤生长速度较前明显加快,遂给予放射治疗,纵隔肿块直线加速器适形照射DT54Gy/28fx/46d,治疗期间及治疗后3个月,复查胸部CT,提示病灶稳定,患者带瘤生存。结论:纵隔炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤依据病理学检查,应与血管源性肿瘤、神经源性肿瘤等鉴别,治疗以手术切除为主,对于手术控制不好的少数病例,可以考虑放射治疗。 相似文献
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目的:探讨纵隔炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤(inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,IMT)的临床、病理、组织化学特性和诊断方法及预后.方法:总结1例纵隔炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤病人的临床资料,并复习国内外文献,分析和归纳炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的临床表现、诊断和治疗.结果:患者女性,21岁,在我院全麻下行纵隔肿物切除术,术后病理示:"左中后纵隔"考虑炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤.术后2年,患者再次因"出现左侧胸背部疼痛1月"入院,在全麻下行左后纵隔占位切除术,术后病理示:恶性肌纤维母细胞瘤.术后疼痛短暂缓解,3个月后因局部疼痛,行胸部CT提示再次复发,肿瘤生长速度较前明显加快,遂给予放射治疗,纵隔肿块直线加速器适形照射DT 54Gy/28fx/46d,治疗期间及治疗后3个月,复查胸部CT,提示病灶稳定,患者带瘤生存.结论:纵隔炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤依据病理学检查,应与血管源性肿瘤、神经源性肿瘤等鉴别,治疗以手术切除为主,对于手术控制不好的少数病例,可以考虑放射治疗. 相似文献
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目的 评估贝伐单抗治疗放射性脑坏死(CRN)的初步临床疗效。方法 回顾分析经类固醇激素及甘露醇治疗仍进展的放射性脑坏死患者 19例,共计22处病灶。其中5处病灶经过病理证实,其他病灶均同时满足以下各项影像学证据:①CT或MRI增强病灶表现为失张力强化且伴有明显水肿;②CT或MRI增强病灶均为低灌注;③MRS提示强化区域的Cho峰降低;④PET示强化区域的FDG摄取明显减低。所有患者均给予贝伐单抗5 mg/kg,每14 d重复1次,治疗 2~6个周期。每周期治疗前均行MRI检查,比较治疗前后T1WI相增强病灶变化情况及T2WI相病灶水肿情况。记录患者临床症状、KPS评分改变情况及药物不良反应,治疗前后比较行配对t检验。结果 19例患者均安全完成治疗,未见严重不良反应。自第2周期治疗结束患者临床症状明显改善,KPS评分平均提高26.8分。MRI的T1WI增强相可见强化区域病灶较治疗前平均缩小54.8%(P=0.000),MRI的 T2WI相可见水肿区域较治疗前平均缩小80.7%(P=0.000)。平均随访时间 3~12个月(平均值5.6个月),11例病情改善维持,4例复发,4例因肿瘤进展死亡。结论 初步证实贝伐单抗能明显改善CRN的临床症状并提高生活质量。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: To the authors' knowledge, the incidence of brain metastases at the time of diagnosis in children with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) arising outside the head and neck region is unknown, and routine imaging to identify metastatic brain involvement is costly. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the results of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the head, which was mandated by protocol, in patients with metastatic RMS arising outside the head and neck region who were enrolled on the fourth Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS-IV; 1991--1997). RESULTS: Of 100 eligible patients with metastatic RMS arising outside the head and neck region, 56 (56%) underwent head CT (n = 51) and/or MRI (n = 11) scans. Seven of these 56 patients (12.5%) had abnormal scans. Three patients with physical findings suggesting head or neck pathology underwent imaging that confirmed the presence of metastases in bone (one patient), orbit (one patient), or lymph nodes (one patient). One patient who presented with seizures had imaging findings consistent with cerebral embolic infarctions. Of three asymptomatic patients, one had bone metastases that also were identified on skeletal survey and one had bone metastases in the base of the skull that were not identified on bone scan. The remaining asymptomatic patient had a retroperitoneal paraspinal tumor with spinal canal extension and subsequently developed leptomeningeal disease dissemination. CONCLUSIONS: Brain metastases are uncommon at the time of initial diagnosis of metastatic RMS arising outside the head and neck region, and the majority of abnormalities detected on head CT or MRI scans are evident clinically or on other imaging studies. Patients with clinical findings suggesting intracranial pathology and those with paraspinal tumors may benefit from brain imaging, but cost savings may be realized by foregoing imaging in patients without these features. 相似文献
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目的比较CT、MRI和CT-MRI融合技术在头颈肿瘤靶区勾画中的差异,探讨CT-MRI融合技术在头颈肿瘤靶区勾画中的优势。方法 35位头颈部肿瘤患者,通过CT、MRI扫描,利用图像融合软件得到每位患者的两幅图像;同一医生对同一患者在同一时间段内依据CT、MRI和融合图像勾画出靶区,比较原发病灶的肿瘤靶区的体积(Gross tumor volume,GTV)。结果 GTVCT、GTVMRI、GTVCT-MRI的平均值分别为(21.22±1.56)cm3、(23.64±1.30)cm3、(29.08±2.09)cm3,GTVCT与GTVMRI比较(t=7.05,P<0.01),GTVCT-MRI与GTVCT比较(t=-17.82,P<0.01);GTVCT-MRI与GTVMRI比较(t=13.08,P<0.01)。结论 CT-MRI融合图像的头颈部肿瘤勾画靶区比单独MRI或CT图像的头颈部肿瘤勾画靶区更广,CT-MRI融合图像技术可提高靶区勾画的准确性,更利于指导精确放疗的实施。 相似文献
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Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and the hybrid modality of PET/CT are sensitive and reliable tools for detection and staging of head and neck cancers. This article describes the role of PET/CT in initial staging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the utility of CT/MR perfusion imaging in qualitative analysis of tumor tissue, and the usefulness of diffusion weighted MR and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in head and neck oncological imaging. 相似文献
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目的:研究MR钆造影剂清除差异指导脑肿瘤亚靶区勾画的可行性。方法:获取26例脑肿瘤患者T
2加权图像及造影剂注射5、60 min后的T
1加权增强图像,处理两次T
1加权增强图像得到含有造影剂清除差异及有无肿瘤活性信息的延迟造影剂外渗的图像。根据T
2加权图像有无液化坏死... 相似文献
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Chen YF Zhang WD Wu MW Ou-Yang D Zhang Q 《Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)》2011,28(Z1):S349-S353
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare benign neoplasm. The aim of this study was to enhance the understanding of head and neck IMT and to improve its diagnosis and management. Clinical features and related treatment of 10 IMT cases were retrospectively analyzed and the literature was reviewed. Tumor sites identified included four in the maxillary space, two in the buccal space, two in the parotid gland, one in the post aurem, and one in the neck. Nine of ten patients received local resection, and one of ten patients received a total maxillectomy. One patient had a local recurrence and died, while the other nine patients had no distant metastases and survived. A computed tomography (CT) exam performed on nine of the ten patients showed that six of these nine cases were heterogeneous in density, while the other three cases were homogeneous. Four cases showed marked heterogeneous enhancement, two cases showed mild heterogeneous enhancement, and three cases showed moderate homogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT images. The incidence of IMT in the head and neck is low, and local resection is currently the best treatment. A prolonged postoperative follow-up period is necessary for patients with IMT. 相似文献
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