胃癌组织中钙网织蛋白的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系

目的 观察钙网织蛋白(CRT)在胃癌组织中的表达水平及其与临床病理的关系.方法 收集2009年4月至2010年8月本院外科手术切除并经病理确诊的44例新鲜胃癌组织及癌旁正常胃组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫组织化学方法分别检测44例胃癌及癌旁正常胃组织中CRT的mRNA和蛋白表达水平,分析其表达情况与临床病理学特征之间的关系.结果 胃癌组织中CRT的mRNA表达水平低于正常胃组织[36.50(21.72,71.47)比48.19(20.84,139.20),P=0.031].CRT蛋白主要定位于细胞质中,在胃癌组织中其阳性表达率明显低于正常胃组织[34.09％(15/44)比77.27％ (34/44),P=0.000].胃癌组织中CRT mRNA和蛋白的低表达均与胃癌的分化程度、淋巴结转移等临床病理因素密切相关(均P＜0.05),与患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、TNM分期无关(均P＞0.05).结论 胃癌组织中CRT低表达,且与淋巴结转移、胃癌分化程度密切相关,是一项有潜在价值的肿瘤相关标志物.     

PIK3CA基因对人非小细胞肺癌A549细胞侵袭及迁移能力的影响

目的探讨PIK3CA基因对非小细胞肺癌侵袭及迁移能力的影响及可能机制。方法实时荧光定量PCR检测非小细胞肺癌组织、癌旁组织、非小细胞肺癌A549细胞与人支气管上皮细胞PIK3CA mRNA的表达,构建靶向PIK3CA基因的si RNA质粒,并转染至非小细胞肺癌A549细胞,实时荧光定量PCR技术与Westem blot方法分别检测PIK3CA mRNA与蛋白表达的变化,利用Transwell实验检测转染后细胞侵袭和转移能力的变化,Westem blot方法检测转染后A549细胞p-Akt蛋白表达变化。结果与癌旁正常组织比较,PIK3CA mRNA和蛋白表达水平在非小细胞肺癌组织显著上升(P0.05),A549细胞中PIK3CA mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显高于人支气管上皮细胞(P0.05)。PIK3CA基因沉默6h,A549细胞PIK3CA mRNA和蛋白表达水明显下降(P0.05);PIK3CA基因沉默48h,A549细胞侵袭和转移能力显著降低,p-Akt蛋白表达显著降低(P0.05)。结论 PIK3CA基因能够降低非小细胞肺癌侵袭及迁移能力,其作用机制可能与调控p-Akt蛋白表达有关。     

趋化因子CXCL17在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床相关性研究

目的:分析趋化因子CXCL17在胃癌及癌旁正常组织的表达及分布情况,并探讨其差异表达的临床意义。方法:分别采用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫组化对40例术后切除的胃癌及相应癌旁正常胃组织CXCL17的表达及分布情况进行检测。通过临床病理分析及Kaplan-Meier生存曲线的分析,明确CXCL17在胃癌组织中的表达情况及其临床意义。结果:CXCL17蛋白和mRNA的表达在胃癌组织较癌旁正常组织明显降低(P0.05)。临床病理数据分析显示,CXCL17表达的下调与胃癌分化程度有关(P0.01),与病人性别、年龄、淋巴结转移、原发部位肿瘤大小、肿瘤分期、癌胚抗原表达水平等未见明显相关性。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,CXCL17高表达组相对低表达组有明显的生存延长(P0.05)。结论:CXCL17可作为胃癌预后的关键因素之一参与胃癌的发生发展。     

胃癌中RBBP4和BCL-2的表达及意义

目的探讨视网膜母细胞瘤结合蛋白4(retinoblastoma binding protein 4,RBBP4)和BCL-2在胃癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测72例胃癌及对应癌旁组织中RBBP4、BCL-2蛋白表达,分析RBBP4与胃癌临床病理特征的关系及与BCL-2表达的相关性。实时荧光定量PCR法检测20例胃癌及癌旁组织中RBBP4 mRNA的表达。结果 RBBP4、BCL-2蛋白在癌组织中的阳性率分别为55.6%(40/72)、50%(36/72),显著高于癌旁组织13.9%、16.7%。RBBP4和BCL-2高表达均与肿瘤分化、浸润深度及淋巴结转移明显相关(P0.05),且RBBP4和BCL-2蛋白的表达呈正相关(r=0.559,P0.05)。RBBP4 mRNA在胃癌组织中的相对表达水平(9.988±1.948)显著高于癌旁组织(1.458±0.489)。结论RBBP4在胃癌中的表达升高,可能和胃癌的发生、发展及侵袭转移有关,可能成为胃癌诊断和预后评估的新指标。     

胃癌中YAP与β-catenin蛋白表达的临床意义及相关性

目的探讨YAP及β-catenin在胃癌组织、癌旁正常组织的表达与临床病理特征的关系及两者表达相关性。方法采用荧光定量PCR、免疫组化和Western blot测定YAP和β-catenin在50例胃癌组织及癌旁正常组织中mRNA及蛋白表达,并分析其与临床病理参数关系及两者表达的相关性。结果胃癌组织中YAP和β-catenin蛋白阳性表达率分别为72%(36/50)和64%(32/50),癌旁正常组织中阳性表达率分别为14%(7/50)和20%(10/50),P0.05;YAP及β-catenin mRNA和蛋白在胃癌组织中表达较正常组织高(P0.05),且两者表达水平与胃癌分化程度、淋巴结转移和临床分期有显著关系(P0.05);YAP与β-catenin在胃组织中共表达呈明显正相关(r=0.72,P0.05)。结论 YAP和β-catenin蛋白在胃癌组织中存在高表达共存现象,可能与胃癌细胞恶性程度及细胞分化有关,参与胃癌的发生、发展过程。     

肿瘤抑制基因肝激酶B1在肺腺癌中的表达

目的:研究肝激酶B1(LKB1)在人肺腺癌组织中的表达。方法:收集肺腺癌组织标本(含癌旁组织、正常组织)共60例,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测肺腺癌组织中LKB1的mRNA含量;Western blot法和免疫组化法检测肺癌组织中LKB1的表达情况。结果:实时荧光定量PCR检测显示LKB1的mRNA含量在正常对照组、癌旁组织和肺癌组织3组之间无显著差异;Western blot法检测和免疫组化结果显示肺腺癌组织中LKB1蛋白的表达量显著低于正常对照组和癌旁组织。结论:肺腺癌组织中LKB1的表达可能存在翻译后的调节。     

胃癌组织活化白细胞黏附分子的表达及其与临床病理的相关性

目的 观察活化白细胞黏附分子(ALCAM)在胃癌组织中的表达水平及其与临床病理的关系.方法 采用实时定量PCR和免疫组织化学方法分别检测33例胃癌及正常胃组织中ALCAM的mRNA和蛋白表达水平,分析其表达情况与临床病理资料的相关性.结果 胃癌ALCAM的mRNA表达水平[0.008 7(0.005 8～0.0167)]高于正常胃组织[0.0011(0.000 1～0.063 5),P＜0.05],尤其是低分化癌[0.012 8(0.008 2～0.0167)]及伴淋巴结转移者[0.0174(0.008 6～0.0307)]ALCAM的mRNA表达水平明显升高.免疫组织化学检测显示,无论胞质阳性染色或胞膜阳性染色,胃癌组织中ALCAM蛋白表达水平明显高于正常胃组织,有淋巴结转移的胃癌组织胞质ALCAM阳性比例[(100%(21/21)]明显高于无转移的胃癌组织[66.7%(8/21),P＜0.05].结论 胃癌组织中ALCAM高表达,且与胃癌淋巴结转移有关.     

胃癌组织中SIRT1、Noxa的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨SIRT1与Noxa在胃癌组织中的表达水平相关性,分析两者表达与患者临床病理学特征及预后的关系。方法应用实时荧光定量PCR法和免疫组化EnVision两步法检测106例胃癌及癌周正常组织中SIRT1及Noxa的mRNA和蛋白表达,分析两者相关性及其与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、浸润深度及转移等临床病理特征的关系。结果实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,胃癌组织中SIRT1 mRNA表达较高,Noxa mRNA表达较低。免疫组化结果显示,SIRT1在胃癌组织中的阳性率高于正常胃组织(79.2%vs 41.5%),Noxa在胃癌组织中的阳性率低于正常胃组织(43.3%vs 71.6%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。SIRT1表达与肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤直径、浸润深度、淋巴结和远隔器官转移情况相关(P均0.05),Noxa表达与肿瘤直径、浸润深度、淋巴结和远隔器官转移情况相关(P均0.05)。胃癌组织中SIRT1与Noxa表达呈负相关。SIRT1阳性、Noxa阴性的患者2年生存率较低,其是预后较差的独立危险因素。结论 SIRT1和Noxa在胃癌的发生、发展中可能具有协同作用,联合检测两者的表达有助于判断患者的临床表现和预后。     

端粒调控因子tankyrase在胃腺癌中的表达

目的:研究端粒调控因子tankyrase在胃腺癌组织中的表达及其在胃腺癌发生和发展过程中的作用。 方法:应用荧光实时定量PCR（Real-time PCR）技术检测16例胃腺癌组织及离肿瘤边缘5 cm处的正常癌旁组织中tankyrase mRNA表达水平。应用Envision免疫组化法检测37例胃腺癌和13例正常对照组织中tankyrase蛋白质表达水平。分析tankyrase表达水平在胃腺癌临床分期和组织分化程度各组间的关系。 结果:胃腺癌中tankyrase mRNA的表达［1.44×10-2，（3.88×10-5）-0.4847］高于正常对照［1.0134×10-2，0-（4.933×10-2）］（P<0.05）。胃腺癌中tankyrase蛋白质表达高于正常对照（P＜0.05）。但在不同胃腺癌临床分期、组织分化程度各组之间均未见统计学差异。 〖JP+2〗结论:Tankyrase mRNA和蛋白水平在胃腺癌中的表达明显增高，可能是胃腺癌发生过程中的重要因素。     

胃腺癌组织中c-IAP1蛋白和mRNA的表达及临床意义

目的探讨c-IAP1蛋白和mRNA在胃腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化SP法、Western blot和qRTPCR技术检测50例胃腺癌组织和40例癌旁正常胃黏膜组织中c-IAP1蛋白和mRNA的表达,分析其在胃腺癌发生、发展中的作用及与临床病理特征的关系。结果 c-IAP1蛋白和mRNA在胃腺癌组织中的表达水平明显高于癌旁正常胃黏膜组织(P均0.05)。胃腺癌组织中c-IAP1蛋白和mRNA的表达与组织分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、浸润深度均相关(P0.05),与患者性别、年龄无关(P0.05)。结论 c-IAP1在胃腺癌组织中表达升高,抑制了胃腺癌细胞的凋亡,促进了胃腺癌的发生、发展,有可能为胃腺癌的临床靶向治疗提供新的理论依据。     

Photoperiodicity and the function of the hypophysis and the adrenal cortex

Summary The ACTH content of the hypophysis of rats rises from a minimum in the morning to a maximum in the evening hours. These fluctuations are associated with the diurnal rhythm of light and darkness, and are abolished under conditions of continual light or darkness for 30 days. Rhythmic fluctuations of the ascorbic acid content of the adrenals are also found, with maximum values in the evening, and these are likewise abolished by maintenance under conditions of constant illumination.Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin     

Organization and distribution of the upper and lower esophageal motoneurons in the medulla and the spinal cord of the rat

The upper cervical esophagus is exerted on swallowing and peristalsis by somatic and visceral motoneurons, whereas the lower esophagus is exerted on only peristalsis by visceral motoneurons. We examined the origin of the esophageal motoneurons and whether there were any differences between the distributions of the upper and the lower esophageal motoneurons in the medulla and the spinal cord using cholera toxin subunit b (CTb) as the retrograde tracer. Following injection of CTb into the cervical esophagus resulted in heavy labeling of the neurons in the nucleus ambiguus including the compact (AmC), semicompact (AmS) and loose (AmL) formations, and the medial column of lamina IX at the C1-C5 levels of the cervical spinal cord corresponding to the spinal accessory nucleus. A few labeled neurons were found in the inferior salivatory nucleus, the rostral division of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMX), the accessory facial nucleus and the lateral column of lamina IX at the C2 and C3 levels. All these labeled neurons showed ChAT immunoreactivity. When CTb was injected into the cut end of the unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve, many labeled neurons were found in the ipsilateral AmC, the AmL, and the bilateral medial column at the C1 and C2 levels. Following injection of CTb into the subdiaphragmatic esophagus resulted in heavy labeling of the neurons only in the AmC and the DMX. When CTb was injected into the sternomastoid muscle, many labeled neurons were found in the medullary reticular formation, the facial nucleus, the medial column at the C1-C3, C5 and C6 levels, and the lateral column at the C2, C3, C5 and C6 levels. Injections of a Fluoro-Gold into the cervical esophagus and a CTb into the sternomastoid muscle or the subdiaphragmatic esophagus in the same animal showed many double labeled neurons in the medial column of the accessory nucleus at the C1 and C2 levels, but no double labeled neurons in the AmC. These results indicated that the upper cervical esophagus is innervated by the visceral medullary vagal motoneurons as well as the somatic spinal accessory motoneurons. The lower esophagus is innervated only by the visceral medullary vagal motoneurons.     

Anatomic considerations and the relationship between the piriformis muscle and the sciatic nerve

Stating background  The piriformis syndrome is one of the non-discogenics causes of sciatica. It results from the compression of the sciatic nerve (SN) by the piriformis muscle (PM) in the neutral and piriformis stretch test position. The evidence of the increase in pain in the test position requires a detailed anatomical study addressing the changes that occurred in the SN and PM anatomy during the test position. The aim of this study is to examine this relationship morphometrically. Materials and methods  A total of 20 right and left lower limbs of ten adult cadavers were examined. The SN and the PM were made visible. The location of the SN was evaluated with respect to the consistent bony landmarks, including the greater and the lesser trochanter of the femur, the ischial tuberosity, the ischial spine of the hip bone, the posterior inferior iliac spine of the hip bone and the posterior superior iliac spine of the hip bone. The study was done in both neutral and test positions (i.e., 30° adduction 60° flexion and approximately 10° medial rotation position of the hip joint). Results  The width of the greater sciatic notch was 63.09 ± 13.59 mm. The length of the lower edge of the PM was 95.49 ± 6.21 mm, and whereas the diameter of the SN where it emerged from the infrapiriforme was 17.00 ± 3.70 mm, the diameter decreased to 11.03 ± 2.52 mm at the level of the lesser trochanter of the femur. The SN intersected the PM most commonly in its medial second quarter anatomically. The vertical distance between the medial edge of the SN–PM intersection point and the ischial tuberosity was 85.62 ± 17.23 and 72.28 ± 7.56 mm (P < 0.05); the angle between the SN and the transverse plane was 66.36° ± 6.68° and 71.90 ± 8.48° (P < 0.05); and the vertical distance between the medial edge of the SN and the apex of the ischial spine of the hip bone was 17.33 ± 4.89 and 15.84 ± 4.63 mm (P > 0.05), before and after the test position, respectively. Conclusion  This study provides helpful information regarding the course and the location of the SN. The presented morphometric data also revealed that after stretch test position, the infrapiriforme foramen becomes narrower; the SN becomes closer to the ischial spine of the hip bone, and the angle between the SN and the transverse plane increases. This study confirmed that the SN is prone to be trapped in the test position, and diagnosis of this situation requires dynamic MR and MR neurography study.     

空肠和回肠直动脉及器官表面动脉的观测

目的　通过对空、回肠直动脉分支类型的观察、测量不同类型直动脉管径、间距以及器官表面动脉吻合网面密度 ,探讨空、回肠血供形态的异同 ,为临床空、回肠疾病手术、器官移植、介入治疗提供形态学依据。方法　选取 15具成人及 2～ 6岁小儿 10具进行股动脉插管、乳胶灌注后解剖剥离直动脉 ,将空回肠均分 5段观测相关指标。结果　成人空肠 (1、2段 )及回肠 (3～ 5段 )直动脉起始处外管径 (mm)分别为 0 6 8± 0 18、0 72± 0 0 1、0 6 1± 0 0 2、0 5 3± 0 0 3和 0 5 1± 0 0 1,相邻分支间距 (mm)分别为 2 89± 1 72、2 79± 2 0 6、2 2 1± 1 6 4、2 17± 1 17及 2 85± 0 4 6 ;空、回肠直动脉长、短干型分支供血能力不同 ;空肠器官表面动脉吻合网面密度大于回肠。结论　直动脉分支类型、管径、间距及器官表面动脉吻合网面密度对空、回肠血供影响较大。