关注药名纠纷现象与安全用药

目的:对药名纠纷现象进行归纳、综合,为临床安全用药提供参考.方法:根据工作经验,结合考查有关药学文献,对一药多名、药名一字之差及同名异药情况进行整理、综述,并分析药名纠纷带来的危害,提出安全用药建议.结果:一药多名主要见于西药,普遍存在的药名纠纷现象,药名一字之差有75种之多,同名异药8种.结论:医药卫生工作者应加强安全用药意识及区分药名纠纷的健康宣教.     

正确认识药名，安全使用药物

药品是一种特殊的商品，其名称极其复杂、繁多，一药多名的现象普遍存在。可以说我国是世界上药品名称最多的国家，仅西药名称即达7万多个，因商品名、别名太多，给其管理、流通、应用带来混乱。全国每年因吃错药而住院的病人达250多万，很重要的原因是一药多名造成的混乱，其数据令人触目惊心。当务之急，为尽可能减少药源性疾病，医药专业人员要正确认识药名，安全使用药物。     

统一使用药品通用名是治理"一药多名"现象最佳途径

一药多名现象给药品生产企业带来巨大的浪费和不公平竞争，也给患者和国家增加了额外的负担，同时扰乱了药品市场的经营秩序，给腐败分子可趁之机。治理一药多名现象有利于提高药品质量，降低患者的经济负担，打破医院药房垄断，遏止各种腐败。从法律层面规定统一使用药品通用名是治理药品“一药多名”的最佳途径。     

我国肺结核病耐药状况的综合分析

目的分析近20年来肺结核病耐药情况,为临床治疗提供参考,为改进肺结核病防治措施提供科学依据。方法采取综合分析的方法对1990～2009年肺结核病耐药监测结果进行综合分析。结果 20年来的文献系统分析表明初始耐药率为30.1%,获得性耐药率为65.6%,总耐药率为43.8%;初始耐多药率为8.5%,获得性耐多药率为31.7%,总耐多药率为19.3%。2000-2009年间的初始耐药率、获得性耐药率和总耐药率以及初始耐多药率相对于1990至1999年间均有所下降,差异均有统计学意义。初始耐药以耐SM和INH最多,耐药率为40.9%和40.8%;获得性耐药和总耐药均以耐INH最多,耐药率分别为47.0%和30.4%。在初始耐药中,耐一药和耐多药的比例分别为47.7%和26.6%,差异有显著性。在获得性耐药中,耐一药和耐多药的比例分别为26.3%和49.3%,差异有显著性。结论我国初始耐药率、获得性耐药率以及总耐药率均处于较高水平,获得性耐药以耐多药为主,耐药形势十分严峻。     

药品商品名混乱问题及解决方案

目前一药多名现象非常普遍,即同一种药物不同药厂生产,有不同的名称,给患者服用和选购药品带来诸多不便。要正确识别药品名称,正确选择有效药物,必须把药物的通用名、商品名和别名区别开来,购药应用通用名。     

也谈药品的商标与商品名

详细介绍药品商标和商品名的概念、类别及使用，比较二者的异同，指出商标药名化和商品名滥用是导致“一药多名”产生的原因，并阐述国家现行法规对杜绝“一药多名”现象的重要意义。     

中药饮片别名之我见

中药饮片的别名一直存在着一药多名、多药一名的混乱现象。阐述了别名产生的各种原因以及使用别名的弊端,呼吁规范中药饮片名称,提高其使用的准确性、安全性。     

中药半夏和水半夏区别

医生只知道有半夏一药,而知有水半夏者较少。故医生处方上均开半夏,但不少药店在调配中药处方时,多用水半夏代替半夏的现象,这是错误的。作为用药的患者,或代患者购药的家属,购药时应问清药店营业员,所配药方中到底是半夏还是水半夏,以避免不必要的麻烦。     

太白七药用名规范探析

目的探讨太白七药用名规律,为规范太白七药用名、深入开展太白七药研究及保证临床用药安全有效提供依据。方法通过文献查阅、本草考证等方法,进行太白七药命名规律研究。结果太白七药的命名多具有一定的规律性,有着深刻的文化内涵,趣味性强,易于联想,有助记忆。结论在尊重民间药命名规律的基础上,对名称不统一的太白七药命名提出合理化建议。     

通用名处方能遏止药价虚高吗

近年来，一些药品生产企业过度强化药品的商品名，弱化药品的通用名，甚至通过虚假广告宣传混淆视听，“一药多名”的现象日益严重。这不仅造成用药中存在着严重的安全隐患，而且极易造成误用、重复用药；同时，“一药多名”的现象也为医生收受回扣提供了空间，最终导致患者的药费居高不下。     

秦岭七药植物资源的调查研究

目的对秦岭七药植物基原、药用部位、功效以及生境等进行资源学系统性调查研究。方法通过文献查阅、实地调查、标本采集和鉴定等进行归纳、总结和订正。结果秦岭七药共约122种,其基源植物分属于46科92属,包含126种、11个变种和1个亚种,以蓼科、毛茛科、菊科、百合科、兰科来源的植物较多。结论秦岭七药植物资源丰富、临床功效好,系统性调查为其资源合理开发、利用和保护提供帮助。     

Ethnopharmacological investigations on Thalictrum plants in China

Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae) is an extremely abundant medicinal plant source. Due to their marked ethnopharmacological usages in folk medicine of China and the large number of potentially active chemical constituents, they may be a rich source for new chemicals for drug R&D. Here, an investigation on traditional functions and folk therapeutic uses of Thalictrum plants from China, as well as their main chemical constituents, was undertaken. It showed that 43 Thalictrum plants have long been used as folk medicine to treat many diseases in different races of China. In addition, the correlation between folk therapeutic effects and chemical constituents, and the modern pharmacological activities, are discussed as well as the prospect of isolation and development of new drugs from this genus of plants.     

Paradoxical Anti-Diabetic Effect of Lantana camara Leaf Extract and Pancreatic Oxidative Stress Relieved by Grape Seed and Skin Extract

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal - Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) is a medicinal plant largely used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases, but it is also a highly noxious weeds...     

射干化学成分及药理活性研究进展

射干为常用中药材，主要化学成分包括黄酮类和三萜类化合物，其中异黄酮类具有广泛的药理活性，在临床上应用广泛，而鸢尾型三萜类也具有较强的细胞毒活性。本文简要综述了近年来中药射干在化学成分和药理活性方面的研究进展。     

Survey of Iranian Plants for Saponins,Alkaloids, Flavonoids and Tannins. I

Abstract

Isolation and characterization of active principles from plant materials has been a challenge for many years^1-6. Indigenous system of medicine and investigation of plants used in folk medicine have been of great value and in recent years the phytochemical investigation of such plants have revealed new sources of natural product^7-15.     

文冠果果壳中脂肪酸成分的研究

目的研究我国特有的药用植物文冠果的果壳中脂肪酸成分.方法采用气相色谱质谱联用技术.结果确定21种脂肪酸的结构和含量.结论其中有8种脂肪酸在该植物中为首次报道.     

肾茶研究新进展

肾荼是唇形科肾茶属植物,我国及东南亚国家民间广泛用于治疗急慢性肾炎、膀胱炎、尿路结石、胆囊炎、胆结石、风湿性关节炎、痛风和其他一些疾病。历史悠久,毒性很小。本文综述了近年来肾茶化学成分、药理与临床扣安全用药方面的研究进展。     

Recent studies on traditional Chinese medicinal plants

This review will discuss several new drugs which were discovered and developed in recent years from traditional Chinese medicines by the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica. Huperzine A was isolated from Huperzia serrata, a plant used for the treatment of contusion, strain, haematuria, and swelling in Chinese folk medicine. Pharmacological studies have indicated that huperzine A has powerful and reversible anticholinesterase activity. Y-maze methods have shown that huperzine A improves learning and retrieval processes, and facilitates memory retention. Huperzine A is used to treat patients with myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer's disease in China. Sarmentosin, a cyanogenic glucoside was isolated from the whole plant of Sedum sarmentosium. This plant has long been used to treat hepatitis by folk medicine. Sarmentosin significantly lowers the SGPT level of patients suffering from chronic viral hepatitis, and shows a suppressive effect on cell-mediated immune responses in mice. The root of Aconitum is well known in traditional Chinese medicine. Many Aconitum alkaloids have been isolated. Most show potent bioactivities, but with severe toxicity. Recently, some alkaloids such as 3-acetylaconitine, lappaconitine, have shown significant anesthetic activity and exhibit a higher therapeutic index. Guan-fu base A was isolated from the tuber root of Aconitum coreanum. Guan-fu base A has antiarrhythmic action and is now in clinical trials. Drug Dev. Res. 39:147–157. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Anatomical study on Vaccinium arctostaphylos L

Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. (Ericaceae), locally named Qaraqat, is widely used in Iranian folk medicine as antidiabetic and antihypertensive agents. The anatomical study on the different organs of the plant was performed to give a clear standard for identification of the drug. Various diagnostic elements such as particular cells, rubiaceous stomata, covering and glandular trichomes, Ca-oxalate crystals were found in different parts.     

尖尾芋的抗炎药理作用研究

尖尾芋,又名卜芥,学名：Alocasia cucullata,为单子叶植物药天南星科海芋属植物,《中药大辞典》《全国中草药名鉴》《全国中草药汇编》等中药志上均记载其具有清热解毒,消肿镇痛的功效。尖尾芋分布广泛,容易获取,但对尖尾芋的使用,多限于民间。且民间对其药性了解较少,现代药理学药效学的研究报告欠缺。本文正是从实验角度研究尖尾芋的抗炎作用,为临床应用此药提供依据和指导,填补尖尾芋在药效学上的研究空缺,以推广其在临床上的广泛使用。