Medpor外耳再造术皮肤覆盖方案的临床研究

目的:本文通过比较几种不同的支架外皮肤覆盖方案,探索一种手术效果稳定可靠的合成材料支架外耳再造方法。方法:48例先天性小耳畸形,应用Medpor支架行全外耳再造术,支架外软组织覆盖材料分别为单纯乳突区扩张皮肤1例、颞顶筋膜瓣加植皮25例、乳突区扩张皮瓣加颞顶筋膜瓣22例,观察比较应用不同覆盖材料耳再造后支架外露发生率、再造外耳外形轮廓、表面皮肤颜色质地。结果:临床应用48例,随访1至6年,应用单纯乳突区扩张皮瓣覆盖者1年内耳支架完全外露;应用颞顶筋膜瓣加植皮者再造耳廓外形及轮廓优良,但大部分病例再造耳廓皮瓣不同程度色素异常;应用乳突区扩张皮瓣及颞顶筋膜瓣联合覆盖者再造外耳形态及轮廓均优良,且表面皮瓣颜色质地与周围皮肤和对侧外耳皮肤一致,美容效果最佳。结论:应用乳突区扩张后皮瓣及颞顶筋膜瓣双层组织瓣的软组织覆盖方案可以满足Medpor再造外耳的外形、轮廓及皮色的需求,是一项安全稳定的手术方案,综合效果优于颞顶筋膜瓣加植皮方案,而单纯应用乳突区扩张皮瓣的方案不适用于Medpor外耳再造术。因此推荐在选用Medpor耳支架行全外耳再造治疗Ⅲ度先天性小耳畸形时,优先选用颞顶筋膜瓣联合乳突区扩张皮瓣的软组织覆盖方案。     

乳突筋膜皮瓣在临床外耳再造术中的应用

目的:探讨利用乳突筋膜瓣进行外耳再造的可行性。方法:在耳后乳突区设计一个以耳后动脉为蒂的扇形乳突筋膜瓣,用于术中包裹耳支架,行外耳再造术。结果:应用本方法行外耳再造术500例,其中自体肋软骨支架外耳再造483例,Medpor支架外耳再造17例,皮瓣成活良好,外耳形态逼真。结论:应用以耳后动脉为蒂的乳突筋膜瓣替代以颞浅动脉为蒂的颞浅筋膜瓣行外耳再造术,操作简单,再造外耳不臃肿、形态逼真,是外耳再造术中筋膜瓣的最佳选择。     

颞顶筋膜瓣与扩张皮瓣联合覆盖Medpor支架外耳再造术

目的探讨颞顶筋膜瓣与扩张皮瓣联合覆盖Medpor支架再造外耳的效果。方法手术分两期进行:一期手术在乳突区置入皮肤软组织扩张器,并定时注水扩张;第二期手术将扩张器取出并形成蒂在前的扩张皮瓣、掀起以颞浅血管为蒂的颞顶筋膜瓣,应用颞顶筋膜瓣和乳突区扩张皮瓣双重由里至外覆盖Medpor耳支架完成耳廓再造。结果临床应用22例,随访半年至2年半,无耳支架外露发生,再造的耳廓外形逼真,轮廓分明,肤色与周围正常皮肤一致。结论应用乳突区扩张皮瓣及颞顶筋膜瓣双层组织瓣包被Medpor耳支架,可以提高Medpor耳支架置入的安全性,避免发生外露,又不影响支架外形和轮廓的显现,再造耳表面皮肤的色泽与周围皮肤一致。     

双侧先天性小耳畸形的耳廓再造术

目的：探讨双侧先天性小耳畸形的外耳再造手术治疗方法。方法：2007年3月～2008年6月对21例双侧先天性小耳畸形采用耳后皮肤扩张结合自体肋软骨支架植入,耳后筋膜瓣掀起,中厚植皮术双侧同期进行外耳再造。结果：经6个月-1年的随访观察,21例中除2例再造耳有不同程度的软骨吸收、变形外,其余再造耳的大小、形状、位置与面部协调,双侧对称,再造耳外形逼真,微细结构显示清晰。结论：对于双侧先天性小耳畸形,同期应用耳后皮肤扩张结合自体肋软骨支架植入,耳后筋膜瓣掀起,中厚植皮术进行外耳再造,方案可行,效果满意,是双侧先天性小耳畸形理想的外耳再造手术治疗方法。     

耳后联合双层筋膜瓣Medpor支架全耳再造的临床研究

目的:探讨采用颞顶筋膜瓣与耳后筋膜皮瓣(简称:耳后联合双层筋膜瓣),Medpor支架行先天性小耳畸形全耳再造术的方法和效果。方法:采用颞顶支为血管蒂的岛状筋膜瓣移转至残耳乳突区耳后,与耳后乳突区筋膜皮瓣同期同步进行扩张,然后将扩张的耳后联合双层筋膜皮瓣包裹Medpor支架行全耳廓再造。结果:本组患者中经3个月~3年的随访,再造耳皮肤颜色与耳周缘面部相接近,微细结构清晰,颅耳角与健耳对称,形态结构好。结论:耳后联合双层筋膜瓣+Medpor支架行全耳廓再造,既能有效避免支架外露和传统手术供区胸壁畸形,又能避免切取自体肋软骨增加的创伤及痛苦。再造耳皮肤颜色与正常肤色相似,形态满意,是一种值得推广的手术方法。     

耳后联合筋膜皮瓣全耳廓再造的临床研究

目的：探讨颞顶筋膜瓣、耳后筋膜瓣两瓣（简称：耳后联合筋膜瓣）包裹Medpor支架行先天性小耳畸形全耳再造术的方法和效果。方法：手术分为两期：I期采用颞浅动静脉顶支为血管蒂的岛状筋膜瓣,植入残耳乳突区耳后剥离的皮下腔穴,然后植入皮肤扩张器与耳后筋膜皮瓣进行同期同步扩张;II期取出扩张器,将扩张耳后联合筋膜皮瓣包裹Medpor支架行全耳廓再造术。结果：38例患者中,经6个月～3年的随访,再造耳形态结构稳定,颜色与周围皮肤相近,微细结构清晰,颅耳角良好与健耳对称。结论：该方法既可解决覆盖支架的难题,又将手术并发症减少到最低限度,避免支架外露。是目前较为理想的全耳廓再造术的一种新方法。     

颞顶筋膜瓣在修复外耳再造术后支架外露的应用

目的：探讨应用颞浅血管为蒂的颞顶筋膜瓣在外耳再造术后支架外露后进行修复的效果。方法：根据软骨支架外露形状,设计颞浅血管为蒂的颞顶筋膜瓣旋转包裹外露支架,加游离移植中厚皮、抗感染治疗。结果：8例患者术后再造耳支架外露修复效果良好,再造耳外形无明显改变。结论：外耳再造术后如发生再造耳皮瓣破溃、软骨支架外露的并发症,选择颞顶筋膜瓣旋转包裹外露支架,加游离移植中厚皮、抗感染治疗的治疗方法,可获得较满意的修复效果。     

扩张颞顶筋膜瓣覆盖多孔高密度聚乙烯支架全耳廓再造术

目的 探讨采用预制颞顶筋膜瓣置入于残耳乳突区皮下进行扩张,观察以扩张的筋膜瓣覆盖多孔高密度聚乙烯(porous high density polyethylene,Medpor)支架做全耳廓再造术的方法 和效果.方法 30例先天性小耳畸形,手术分两期:Ⅰ期,设计带有颞浅动静脉顶支为血管蒂的预制岛状颞浅筋膜瓣,植入残耳侧乳突区皮下腔穴,然后置入皮肤扩张器进行同期同步扩张;Ⅱ期,将扩张的耳后筋膜皮瓣连带颞浅筋膜瓣掀起,覆盖于Medpor支架上,耳后创面中厚植皮,进行全耳廓再造术.结果 经6个月至3年的随访观察,再造耳廓外形逼真,皮色红润,与周围皮肤颜色无异,其大小、形状、位置与面部协调,与健耳对称,微细结构显示清晰.结论 选用Medpor支架,只要熟悉此材料的生物特性,选择合适的手术操作步骤要点,然后采用预制扩张的耳后筋膜皮瓣连带颞浅筋膜瓣覆盖支架,可将手术并发症减少到最低限度,具有创伤小、操作简单、疗程短、术后效果满意、可避免耳廓外形臃肿或支架外露等优点.耳后筋膜皮瓣与颞浅筋膜瓣两者结合,是目前较为理想的全耳廓再造的一种方法 .     

扩张颞顶筋膜瓣覆盖多孔高密度聚乙烯支架全耳廓再造术

目的 探讨采用预制颞顶筋膜瓣置入于残耳乳突区皮下进行扩张,观察以扩张的筋膜瓣覆盖多孔高密度聚乙烯(porous high density polyethylene,Medpor)支架做全耳廓再造术的方法 和效果.方法 30例先天性小耳畸形,手术分两期:Ⅰ期,设计带有颞浅动静脉顶支为血管蒂的预制岛状颞浅筋膜瓣,植入残耳侧乳突区皮下腔穴,然后置入皮肤扩张器进行同期同步扩张;Ⅱ期,将扩张的耳后筋膜皮瓣连带颞浅筋膜瓣掀起,覆盖于Medpor支架上,耳后创面中厚植皮,进行全耳廓再造术.结果 经6个月至3年的随访观察,再造耳廓外形逼真,皮色红润,与周围皮肤颜色无异,其大小、形状、位置与面部协调,与健耳对称,微细结构显示清晰.结论 选用Medpor支架,只要熟悉此材料的生物特性,选择合适的手术操作步骤要点,然后采用预制扩张的耳后筋膜皮瓣连带颞浅筋膜瓣覆盖支架,可将手术并发症减少到最低限度,具有创伤小、操作简单、疗程短、术后效果满意、可避免耳廓外形臃肿或支架外露等优点.耳后筋膜皮瓣与颞浅筋膜瓣两者结合,是目前较为理想的全耳廓再造的一种方法 .     

扩张颞顶筋膜瓣覆盖多孔高密度聚乙烯支架全耳廓再造术

目的 探讨采用预制颞顶筋膜瓣置入于残耳乳突区皮下进行扩张,观察以扩张的筋膜瓣覆盖多孔高密度聚乙烯（porous high density polyethylene,Medpor）支架做全耳廓再造术的方法 和效果.方法 30例先天性小耳畸形,手术分两期：Ⅰ期,设计带有颞浅动静脉顶支为血管蒂的预制岛状颞浅筋膜瓣,植入残耳侧乳突区皮下腔穴,然后置入皮肤扩张器进行同期同步扩张;Ⅱ期,将扩张的耳后筋膜皮瓣连带颞浅筋膜瓣掀起,覆盖于Medpor支架上,耳后创面中厚植皮,进行全耳廓再造术.结果 经6个月至3年的随访观察,再造耳廓外形逼真,皮色红润,与周围皮肤颜色无异,其大小、形状、位置与面部协调,与健耳对称,微细结构显示清晰.结论 选用Medpor支架,只要熟悉此材料的生物特性,选择合适的手术操作步骤要点,然后采用预制扩张的耳后筋膜皮瓣连带颞浅筋膜瓣覆盖支架,可将手术并发症减少到最低限度,具有创伤小、操作简单、疗程短、术后效果满意、可避免耳廓外形臃肿或支架外露等优点.耳后筋膜皮瓣与颞浅筋膜瓣两者结合,是目前较为理想的全耳廓再造的一种方法 .     

先天性小耳畸形皮肤定量扩张耳廓再造和颞筋膜瓣听力重建序列治疗的围手术期护理

目的:总结先天性小耳畸形皮肤定量扩张耳廓再造和颞筋膜瓣听力重建序列治疗的围手术期护理经验,提高其治疗效果。方法:2010年1月～2011年12月对38例接受耳皮肤定量扩张耳廓再造和颞筋膜瓣听力重建序列治疗的先天性小耳畸形的患者进行围手术期护理观察。结果:38例患者术后再造耳廓形态逼真、立体感强;术后听力均有不同程度提高,未出现面瘫、眩晕、耳鸣等并发症,近期及远期随访患者无明显外耳道狭窄及远期听力下降。结论:皮肤定量扩张耳廓再造和颞筋膜瓣听力重建序列治疗是先天性小耳畸形的良好方法,加强围手术期护理对提高手术疗效具有重要作用。     

颞浅筋膜瓣在全耳再造术中的应用

目的：探讨颞浅血管为蒂的颞筋膜在全耳再造中的应用。方法：设计以颞部为蒂的颞浅筋膜瓣包裹整个Medpor支架行全耳再造。结果：共完成25例，术后随访期平均10个月，均取得满意效果。结论：颞浅血管为蒂的筋膜瓣血管吻合支丰富，血运好，厚薄均匀适中，且供区隐蔽，组织供量大，再造耳轮廓及耳甲腔等细微结构清晰，立体感强，是一种较理想的全耳再造方法。     

Firm elevation of the auricle in reconstruction of microtia with a retroauricular fascial flap wrapping an autogenous cartilage wedge.

During conventional reconstruction of the auricle in patients with microtia, simply separating the auricle from the mastoid region with a full-thickness skin graft usually fails to create firm elevation and sufficient projection. To achieve frontal symmetry is difficult, and sometimes the normal auricle needs to be set back. We reconstructed the auricle in patients with microtia in two major stages using a modified Nagata's method. Using a wide W-incision skin flap, the first stage includes implantation of a cartilage framework and transposition of the ear lobule. Our modification lies in the second stage. Instead of using the superficial temporoparietal fascial flap, we elevated a retroauricular fascial flap from the mastoid region, turning it over to wrap an autogenous costal-cartilage wedge, and covered it with a full-thickness skin graft. Between June 1996 and May 1999, eight patients underwent this operation. All the fascial flaps and overlying full-thickness skin grafts survived well. The advantages of our technique include firm elevation, good frontal projection and a natural appearance of the posterior aspect of the ear. Additionally, by using this fast and practical procedure, we avoid creating additional scars on the scalp and preserve the superficial temporoparietal fascia and superficial temporal vessels.     

Modification of the second stage of auricular elevation in Nagata's technique for treating microtia

The ultimate goal in treating congenital microtia is the reconstruction of an auricle with a natural appearance as close as possible to the healthy one in terms of shape, contour, size, texture, position, and projection. Here we present another option to the second stage of raising the ear in Nagata's technique for treating microtia. The first step includes implantation of a cartilaginous framework and transposition of the ear lobe. Raising the cartilage leaves a skin defect behind the auricle. Instead of using a superficial temporoparietal fascia flap as described by Nagata, we raise a simple rotation flap from the mastoid and neck to close the defect with a minimal scar. The advantages of this technique include firm elevation, good frontal projection, and a natural appearance of the auriculo-cephalic sulcus with a normal retroauricular hairline. In addition, the procedure fast and practical, creates no additional scars on the scalp, and preserves the superficial temporoparietal fascia.     

Modification of the second stage of auricular elevation in Nagata's technique for treating microtia.

The ultimate goal in treating congenital microtia is the reconstruction of an auricle with a natural appearance as close as possible to the healthy one in terms of shape, contour, size, texture, position, and projection. Here we present another option to the second stage of raising the ear in Nagata's technique for treating microtia. The first step includes implantation of a cartilaginous framework and transposition of the ear lobe. Raising the cartilage leaves a skin defect behind the auricle. Instead of using a superficial temporoparietal fascia flap as described by Nagata, we raise a simple rotation flap from the mastoid and neck to close the defect with a minimal scar. The advantages of this technique include firm elevation, good frontal projection, and a natural appearance of the auriculo-cephalic sulcus with a normal retroauricular hairline. In addition, the procedure fast and practical, creates no additional scars on the scalp, and preserves the superficial temporoparietal fascia.     

Secondary ear reconstruction using deep temporal fascia after temporoparietal fascial reconstruction in microtia

As anatomical study of the temporoparietal fascia (TPF) has advanced, there have been several reports on one-stage reconstruction of microtia using the TPF. To our knowledge, however, no report has described how to do secondary reconstruction if partial necrosis occurs, exposing the cartilage frame. Recently we treated a case of microtia that had become partially necrotic after the patient underwent one-stage reconstruction using the TPF. The deep temporal fascia was elevated to cover the necrotic portion and ensure successful placement of the skin graft. This technique greatly enhances one-stage reconstruction of the auricle using a TPF flap.     

烧伤后全耳缺损Ⅰ期再造术

目的 探讨颞浅筋膜瓣翻转覆盖Medpor耳支架Ⅰ期全耳再造术在烧伤后全耳缺损修复中的应用效果和操作要点。方法 以Medpor为耳廓支架，掀起颞浅筋膜瓣，翻转包裹Medpor耳支架，筋膜表面游离植皮行Ⅰ期全耳再造术，共修复15例烧伤后全耳廓缺损患者。结果 15例患者再造耳廓外形满意。结论 颞浅筋膜瓣翻转包裹Medpor支架Ⅰ期全耳再造，具有手术时间短，操作步骤少，患者损伤小以及术后耳廓形态满意等优点，是一种适合于修复烧伤后全耳廓缺损畸形的手术方法。     

Medpor支架与肋软骨支架法耳廓再造的比较与分析

目的：观察两种耳廓再造术的临床应用和疗效,探讨较理想的耳廓再造方法。方法：对60例小耳畸形或外伤后耳廓缺损患者,分别行扩张器扩张乳突区皮肤后肋软骨作支架耳再造术（34例）和多孔高密度聚乙烯（Medpor）作支架颞浅筋膜瓣加植皮一期耳再造术（26例）。结果：经过6个月-5年观察,肋软骨组有2例支架外露,2例轮廓不明显,1例局部缺陷;Medpor组有1例支架外露,2例轮廓不明显,1例局部缺陷,总体满意率分别为85．3％和84．6%（P〉0．05）,无显著差异。结论：以肋软骨作支架的分期耳再造术是较可靠的治疗方法,但Medpor作支架一期耳再造术只要了解Medpor材料的生物特性,选择合适韵手术方法,掌握手术操作的各个环节,可以将手术并发症减少到最低限度,具有创伤小、操作简单、疗程短、术后效果稳定可靠等优点,是目前一种较为理想的耳廓再造方法。     

Temporoparietal Fascia Flaps for Surgical Treatment of Cartilage Exposure After the First-Stage Microtia Reconstruction

Significant improvements have been achieved in microtia reconstruction using an autogenous costal cartilage framework. However, complications such as skin necrosis and cartilage exposure often destroy the final contour of the reconstructed auricle. Local fascia flaps are commonly used in salvage surgery because of their reliability and satisfactory results. Here, we report the case of a 26-year-old woman with multiple skin necroses and cartilage exposure on day 21 after the first-stage microtia reconstruction. The exposure area was covered by a temporoparietal fascia flap as a single-stage procedure. The most essential subunits survived, and the esthetic concours were harmonious and natural at 12 months postoperatively. Temporoparietal fascia flaps are recommended as the surgical treatment for multiple skin necroses and cartilage exposure in microtia reconstruction. The axial-pattern temporoparietal fascia flap is reliable for salvage auricular reconstruction and ensures satisfactory results at long-term follow-up.