Sensitivity of Interstitial combined Chemotherapy against Glioma

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of combination chemotherapy of Carboplatin（CBP） ,Teniposide （Vm-26） ,Methasquin（MTX） ,and Nimodipine（NIM） on glioma, and to explore the sensitivity of glioma cells to different treatment regimens so as to provide some clues for clinical usage of interstitial combination chemotherapy. Methods MTT assay and 3H-TdR incorporation assay were performed to evaluate the inhibitory effects upon the proliferation of glioma cells,and to compare the sensitivity of glioma cells to administration of CBP,Vm-26, MTX, and NIM with that of the administration of CBP ＋ NIM, Vm-26 ＋ NIM, MTX ＋ NIM, CBP ＋ Vm-26 ＋ MTX, or CBP ＋ Vm-26 ＋ MTX ＋ NIM respectively. Results The inhibition rate of CBP ＋ Vm-26 ＋ MTX ＋ NIM combination administration against glioma cells was 96. 64%, which was higher than that of CBP ＋ NIM （69. 03% ）, Vm-26 ＋ NIM（71. 53% ）, MTX ＋ NIM（52. 75% ） ,CBP ＋ Vm-26 ＋ MTX （78.59%） （P〈0. 01）,and the dosage of CBP,Vm-26, and MTX was declined to 1/10 - 1/100 that of respective use of CBP,Vm-26,and MTX. Conclusions The curative effects of combination administration of CBP,Vm-26, MTX, and NIM was much better than that of respective administration,suggesting a higher inhibition rate and a lower dosage use.     

胶质瘤细胞对卡氮芥、威猛联合的敏感性实验研究

目的:观察卡氮芥(BCNU)、威猛(Vm-26)及尼莫地平(NIM)联合应用对胶质瘤细胞的抑制作用,探讨联合用药剂量与胶质瘤细胞敏感性的关系,为临床提供有效的治疗依据。方法:采用MTT法进行活细胞数测定及-TdR掺入法观察药物对肿瘤细胞增殖率的影响,比较胶质瘤细胞对BCNU、Vm26及NIM单独使用、联合使用的敏感性。结果:BCNU、Vm-26和NIM联合使用对肿瘤细胞的抑制率可达97.04%,明显高于BCNU加NIM的抑制效果(P＜0.01),也明显高于Vm-26、NIM联合的抑瘤效果(P＜0.01)。同时BCNU、Vm-26的浓度降低至单独使用的1/10-1/100。结论:BCNU、Vm-26及NIM联合用药对肿瘤细胞的疗效明显优于单独用药,且具有抑制率高,用药浓度低的特点。     

转染survivin反义mRNA对Jurkat淋巴瘤细胞生长和化疗敏感性的影响

目的 研究转染survivin反义mRNA对Jurkat淋巴瘤细胞生长的影响以及转染后淋巴瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性。方法 构建survivin反义mRNA真核表达质粒pcDNA3．1-反义（As）survivin;利用脂质体转染法将其转入高表达survivin mRNA T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤Jurkat细胞系,用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）、免疫组织化学SP法、Western印迹法检测细胞中survivin表达;用细胞计数、流式细胞术（FCM）检测其细胞生长曲线、细胞凋亡指数,并进行光镜、电镜形态学观察;并对转染pcDNA3．1-Assurvivin前后Jurkat细胞分别加入4-羟基-环磷酰胺（CTX）、甲氨蝶呤（MTX）72h后,常规MTT检测细胞存活率。结果 RT—PCR检测转染pcDNA3．1-Assurvivin后48h、5和6周Jurkat细胞survivin mRNA表达,发现survivin mRNA表达皆低于对照组;转染后survivin蛋白表达也明显降低。转染pcDNA3．1-Assurvivin后Jurkat细胞生长倍增时间（52h）明显延长;用FCM检测细胞凋亡发现,转染pcDNA3．1-Assurvivin后Jurkat细胞凋亡指数[20．2％（48h）]明显高于对照组（转染空质粒和未转染组,2．1％和1．3％）;5和6周为6．2％和6．8％,明显高于未转染细胞（1．3％和1．0％）。光镜、电镜观察见转染细胞出现较多凋亡细胞及一些变性肿胀细胞;MTT检测结果显示Jurkat细胞转染前后,经化疗药物4-羟基-环磷酰胺和甲氨蝶呤作用,转染细胞的抑制率明显大于未转染组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 survivin基因对Jurkat细胞系的生长起着重要的作用,抑制survivin基因表达在T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤治疗中可能有重要的意义,该基因似可能作为治疗的靶点。     

HBV preS2起始区反义核酸对人肝癌细胞在裸鼠体内生长的抑制作用

PCR合成互补于HBVpre－S2起始区的反义寡核苷酸（as-preS2），以HBVDNA转染的HepG2．2．15细胞接种裸鼠制备人肝癌模型，通过连续用药、一次性用药、混合用药等三种途径研究其对人肝癌裸鼠模型的抑瘤生长及体内抗HBV作用。流式细胞要（FCM）分析asON诱导瘤细胞凋亡作用，ELLSA法检测反核酸作用鼠血清中HBV抗原含量的变化。结果显示，一次性与混合用药组裸鼠均表现为成瘤潜伏期瞎工，成瘤率明显低于瘤细胞对照未用药组（P＜0．05），瘤体生长缓慢。裸鼠瘤内连续用药，在48hFCM测凋亡峰值为39．57％，S期细胞降低显著，生理盐水与无关序列对照分别为7．92％110．89％，提示as-preS2可能诱导S期细胞凋亡。as-preS2荷瘤鼠HBeAg和HBsAg的抑制率分别为45％和65％。提示，as-preS2可有效抑制体内HBV抗原表达，对人肝癌裸鼠在体内的生长有明显的抑制作用。     

升压联合化疗对大鼠脑胶质瘤形态学变化的影响

目的:通过体外细胞化疗和体内对大鼠胶质瘤升压联合化疗后, 观察体外细胞形态变化和体内肿瘤抑制作用, 观察变压联合化疗对胶质瘤的治疗效果。方法:采用胶质瘤体外培养、化疗。体内采用脑定位注射接种法, 复制大鼠脑胶质瘤动物模型。体内进行联合升压化疗。结果: 体外培养瘤细胞, 使用化疗药后, 可见细胞体积增大、胞质呈颗粒样变、胞内容物外溢等形态学变化;体内化疗后肿瘤体积变小, 瘤内可见坏死区等病理变化;升压化疗组肿瘤内血流增加、药物浓度增加;动物生存期延长。 结论:升压联合化疗对大鼠脑胶质瘤具有明显抑制作用, 可使动物生存期延长。     

人正常脑组织和脑胶质瘤中S-100、CD83分子的检测

目的：研究S-100、CD83 在人正常脑 组织和脑胶质瘤中的表达。方法：应用免疫组织化学方法检测30例脑胶 质瘤、10例脑胶质瘤瘤旁组织、10例正常脑组织切片中S-100、CD83的表达水平，并与10例 肝炎合并肝硬化组织切片进行比较。结果:S-100蛋白在脑胶质瘤、瘤旁 组织和正常脑组织的阳性率均为100%，用HPISA-1000图像分析测得其不同的平均阳性灰度值 （AGV）分别为72.20±12.30、35.60±9.50和28.60±10.20,脑胶质瘤组织与正常脑 组织比较，差别显著（P＜0.05)，而瘤旁组织与正常脑组织比较，差别无显著性（P ＞0.05）；脑胶质瘤及其瘤旁组织、正常脑组织标本中无CD83阳性细胞表达；CD83在肝 炎 并肝硬化中的阳性率为100%。结论:正常脑组织和脑胶质瘤中无成熟、 有活性的树突状细胞存在;在脑组织和脑疾病的树突状细胞研究中，S-100不能作为DCs的标 志物。     

77例胃肠道间质肿瘤的病理形态学及免疫组化研究

目的：研究胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的病理形态及免疫组化特点,方法：应用光镜观察77例GIST的形态特征,用免疫组化S－P法检测c-kit(CD117),CD34,vimentin,SMA及S－100蛋白在GIST中的表达情况。结果：GIST的瘤细胞较经典的平滑肌瘤更丰富,胞质嗜酸较弱,瘤细胞为酸形或上皮样,或酸形与上皮样细胞混合存在,胞质内常见空泡形成;排列成交织刺状、弥散片状、栅栏状或轮辐状、较为特征的是细胞团巢形成。常见间质或见管壁玻变。原发于肠系膜者恶性潜力较高。CD117和CD34的阳性率分别为90％和92％,结论：胃肠道间质肿瘤有较为特独的组织学形态,CD117和CD34联合使用可协助鉴别诊断。     

第三脑室脊索样胶质瘤3例报道及文献复习

目的 探讨第三脑室脊索样胶质瘤临床病理学特征及其鉴别诊断,提高对脊索样胶质瘤的认识.方法 对3例脊索样胶质瘤进行光镜、免疫组化标记及电镜观察,并复习3例患者的临床资料及相关文献.结果 3例患者中2例为女性,1例男性,发病年龄32～46岁,主要症状为记忆力下降、头痛、呕吐、昏睡、短期失去知觉等,女性常有月经不调.肿瘤均位于第三脑室附近,直径3～4 cm.光镜下瘤细胞旱团簇状或条索状分布于空泡状黏液样基质中.瘤细胞圆形到多边形,胞质红染,未见核分裂,尤坏死及血管内皮增殖.肿瘤周边间质内散在淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润.免疫表型示所有瘤细胞表达GFAP和vimentin,少数瘤细胞表达S-100及EMA,2例中有灶性瘤细胞表达CKpan及CD34.结论 第三脑室脊索样胶质瘤是一种独特的、罕见的中枢神经系统肿瘤,诊断主要依靠临床特点、组织病理特征、免疫表型及电镜检查.     

骨髓间质干细胞对MPP+损伤离体大鼠纹状体－黑质脑片的作用

目的：探讨骨髓间质干细胞对MPP＋损伤的离体黑质－纹状体脑片多巴胺能神经元的保护作用。〖HTH〗方法：建立MPP＋损伤的离体脑片模型。取成年大鼠骨髓，培养、分离和纯化骨髓间质干细胞。将骨髓间质干细胞与离体脑片联合培养，通过免疫组化和电镜等方法观察骨髓间质干细胞对联合培养的MPP＋损伤脑片的保护作用。〖HTH〗结果： MPP＋可造成离体黑质－纹状体脑片的细胞大量死亡，但与MSCs联合培养7 d，脑片周围神经轴突生长增多，脑片中的细胞死亡减少、超微结构损伤减轻、表达TH阳性的细胞数目增多（P<0.05）。〖HTH〗结论：MSCs在体外能促进受损的黑质-纹状体脑片多巴胺能神经元存活，可望用于帕金森病的移植治疗。     

胃肠道间质瘤的光镜、免疫组织化学和超微结构的观察

目的 研究胃肠道间质瘤（GISTs）的光镜,电镜形态特点和免疫组织化学在诊断中的价值,探讨肿瘤的组织来源和分型。方法 对GISTs进行光镜和超微结构的观察,用EnVision二步法免疫组织化学方法检测波形蛋白,CD117（c-kit),CD34等8种抗原标记物在肿瘤中的表达情况。结果 65例GISTs占同期消化系统间叶性肿瘤的85．5％（65／76）;其中梭形细胞为主的有46例,伴有上皮样细胞的有13例,单纯由上皮样细胞组成的有6例,瘤细胞呈长,短梭形和圆形,胞质弱嗜酸,常见核端空泡,有时呈印戒样或透明细胞样;排列呈旋涡状,栅栏状或弥漫性巢状。超微结构表现出树枝样突起,神经内分泌颗粒,桥粒样连接等神经分化特点,或（和）胞质内出现密斑,密体等肌性分化。免疫组织化学显示肿瘤组织中抗原标记物表达阳性率波表蛋白为100％（65／65）,CD11793．8％（61／65）,CD3478．5％（51／65）。结论 GISTs是消化道最常见的间叶性肿瘤,光镜形态与真性肌源性和神经源性肿瘤极为相似,电镜和CD117,CD34等免疫标记物配合使用可对其做作出正确诊断,GISTs可能起源于多潜能的,卡哈尔间质细胞样的前体细胞。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Aspects of the problem of direct introduction of Standards of International Organizations

Editorial note. This article is published as part of a discussion. Particular issues of the article are disputable. First of all, this concerns the so-called “folder” method of introduction of international standards for medical devices to domestic medical practice (i.e., by direct translation of the standards and their publication as standardizing documents). Nevertheless, at least one of the problems, the problem of coordination between domestic state standards for medical devices and international recommendations of ISO and IEC, is undoubtedly of topical importance. Advancement of new health service legislation which is to be approved by law-makers will definitely introduce corrections into the present situation. The Editorial Board of Meditsinskaya Tekhnika believes this article will lessen these problems and to be welcomed by readers.