共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
目的:建立1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯有关物质检查方法.方法:采用毛细管气相色谱法,毛细管色谱柱HP-5 (30 m×320 μm,0.25 μm),柱温为158℃,进样口温度为230℃,检测器(FID)温度为250℃,载气流速为1ml· min-1,进样量为1.0μl,分流比为20∶1.结果:1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯与有关物质的分离良好,最低检测限为1.21 μg· ml-1.结论:该方法专属性强、稳定性好,可作为1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯的有关物质检查方法. 相似文献
2.
目的 建立顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定氢溴酸加兰他敏中三氯甲烷残留量的方法.方法 色谱柱为DB-624石英毛细管柱(60m×530μm×3μm),柱温采用程序升温,检测器为电子捕获(ECD)检测器,检测器温度为250℃,进样口温度为200 ℃,以水为溶剂.结果 三氯甲烷检测浓度的线性范围为0.12~6.0 μg/mL(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.12%(RSD=0.4%),定量限为200 pg/mLo结论该方法简单、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于氢溴酸加兰他敏中三氯甲烷残留量的测定. 相似文献
3.
顶空气相色谱法测定一次性使用无菌注射器中环氧乙烷残留量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的建立测定一次性使用无菌注射器中环氧乙烷残留量的顶空气相色谱方法。方法采用AlltechAT-624毛细管柱(30 m×0.53 mm,3.0μm)色谱柱,FID检测器,进样口温度200℃,柱温45℃,检测器温度200℃,顶空平衡温度80℃,保温30 min。结果环氧乙烷在1.0~10.0μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 1),检出限为0.04μg/mL,平均加样回收率为98.85%(n=9),重复性试验相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.84%(n=6)。结论该方法灵敏、准确、重复性好,可用于一次性使用无菌注射器的临床安全性评价。 相似文献
4.
目的:建立测定常通舒颗粒中藁本内酯含量的方法。方法:采用毛细管气相色谱法,以Agilent HP-5(30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm)为色谱柱,氢火焰离子化检测器,采用程序升温:初始温度50 ℃,保留0.5 min,6 ℃/min升至130 ℃保留0.5 min,10 ℃/min升至260 ℃,以N2为载气,柱流速为2.5 mL/min,进样1 μL,分流比1∶1;进样口温度为250 ℃;检测器温度为280 ℃。结果:藁本内酯在30.24~1 512.00 μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),回收率为95.77%,RSD为1.31%。结论:该方法准确性高,稳定和重复性好,可为常通舒颗粒的质量控制和评价提供参考。 相似文献
5.
6.
GC法测定法罗培南钠有机溶剂残留量 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的:建立法罗培南钠原料药中有机溶剂残留量测定方法。方法:采用气相色谱法测定,色谱柱为HP-5弹性石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.53 mm,1.5 μm,以5%苯基-95%甲基聚硅氧烷为固定液),进样口温度:200℃,氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),检测器温度:250℃;柱温:程序升温,初始温度35℃,保持5 min,以每分钟10℃的升温速率升温至120℃,保持2 min,再以每分钟35℃的升温速率升温至250 ℃,保持5 min,载气:氮气,流速:2 mL/min,分流比:1:1,尾吹流速:30mL/min,以N-甲基吡咯烷酮为溶剂。结果:待测物均能得到很好的分离,峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,精密度良好。结论:该法可用于法罗培南钠原料药中有机溶剂残留量的检测。 相似文献
7.
目的建立气相色谱法测定一次性使用输液器中环氧乙烷残留量。方法采用顶空气相色谱法;氢火焰离子化检测器(FID);DB-624毛细管柱(30m×0.450mm×2.55μm);柱温:90℃;进样口温度:220℃;检测器温度:250℃;氮气(3ml·min^-1)为载气;氢气流量:45ml·min^-1,空气流量:450ml·min^-1;分流比5:1。结果环氧乙烷在1.0738—9.6646μg·L^-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9997),平均回收率为98.55%,RSD=1.35%。结论本法准确、简便、灵敏度高,可以作为一次性使用输液器中环氧乙烷残留量的测定方法。 相似文献
8.
目的采用气相色谱–电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)法测定奥美沙坦酯原料药中基因毒性杂质碘甲烷。方法采用Agilent DB-624毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm×1.8μm),初始柱温40℃,保持5 min,以20℃/min升至200℃,保持2min,进样口温度160℃,检测器温度300℃,载气为N2,体积流量为1.5 mL/min,分流比10∶1,进样量1μL。结果碘甲烷在0.03~0.60μg/mL线性关系良好;检测限为2.0 ng/mL,定量限为6.0 ng/mL;平均回收率为98.0%,RSD值为1.8%。结论该方法专属性强、准确性高、灵敏度高、耐用性好,可用于奥美沙坦酯中基因毒性杂质碘甲烷的测定。 相似文献
9.
10.
12.
Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.相似文献
13.
14.
Petrikovics I McGuinn WD Sylvester D Yuzapavik P Jiang J Way JL Papahadjopoulos D Hong K Yin R Cheng TC DeFrank JJ 《Drug delivery》2000,7(2):83-89
This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine. 相似文献
16.
《Critical reviews in toxicology》2013,43(5-6):327-369
AbstractThe uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors. 相似文献
17.
Alberto García-Lled Javier Gmez-Pavn Juan Gonzlez del Castillo Teresa Hernndez-Sampelayo Mari Cruz Martín-Delgado Francisco Javier Martín Snchez Manuel Martínez-Sells Jos María Molero García Santiago Moreno Guilln Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo Julin Ruiz-Galiana Rafael Cantn Pilar De Lucas Ramos Alejandra García-Botella Emilio Bouza 《Rev Esp Quimioter》2022,35(2):115
The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation. 相似文献
18.
《Expert opinion on investigational drugs》2013,22(1):79-86
Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation. 相似文献
19.
Chang Min Kim Kun Ho Son Sung Hwan Kim Hyun Pyo Kim 《Archives of pharmacal research》1991,14(4):305-310
In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins
from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins. 相似文献