左室减容术治疗终末期扩张型心肌病

目的终末期扩张型心肌病缺乏有效的内科治疗手段，心脏移植因受到供体不足和费用昂贵等原因的限制无法得到广泛开展。寻找能够替代心脏移植的手术方法对于终末期心脏病的治疗具有重大意义。我们于1998年9月为1例终末期扩张型心肌病患者实施了心脏不停跳下左室部分切除减容术。方法在心脏搏动下切除左室前侧壁部分心肌．并行二尖瓣、三尖瓣成形术。结果术后心脏彩超示二尖瓣、三尖瓣返流明显减少．左室内径明显缩小，左室射血分数显著增加。结论终末期扩张型心肌病患者实施左室减容术后心功能较术前明显改善。     

左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺治疗扩张型心肌病并顽固性终末期心衰的对比分析

目的对比左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺治疗扩张型心肌病并顽固性终末期心衰的疗效。方法将2016年2月~2017年2月我院90例扩张型心肌病并顽固性终末期心衰患者采用数字表法分为两组,对照组予常规抗心衰和多巴酚丁胺治疗,观察组予常规抗心衰和左西孟旦治疗,比较两组的临床治疗效果及症状改善时间、心衰纠正时间;两组患者干预前后左室射血分数、左室舒张末期内径、脑钠肽、心脏指数、药物副作用发生率。结果观察组扩张型心肌病并顽固性终末期心衰治疗效果高于对照组(P0.05);观察组症状改善时间、心衰纠正时间短于对照组(P0.05);干预前两组左室射血分数、左室舒张末期内径、脑钠肽、心脏指数相近(P0.05);干预后观察组左室射血分数、左室舒张末期内径、脑钠肽、心脏指数优于对照组(P0.05)。两组药物副作用发生率比较,无显著差异(P0.05)。结论左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺治疗扩张型心肌病并顽固性终末期心衰的对比,左西孟旦效果更好,可更快改善心功能、纠正心衰,且药物安全性较高,值得推广。     

左心室心肌部分切除术的体外循环管理

左心室(左室)心肌部分切除术(PLV)是治疗终末期心肌病的一种新的手术方法,通过切除左心室大部分的游离壁,重塑正常的心脏质量-容积比,提高左室泵功能,亦称心脏减容术或Batista术[1,2].由于终末期心肌病病人术前心功能差,常并发瓣膜病变及全身其他脏器的损害,体外循环(CPB)转流时间长,因此对CPB管理,尤其是心肌保护技术提出了更高的要求.1998年4月～2001年1月我院对3例病人实施PLV,现将CPB的管理经验总结如下.     

扩张型心肌病血浆心钠素浓度的变化和意义

应用放射性免疫分析法测定45例扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者的血浆心钠素(PANP)水平,并使用彩色多普勒超声心动图测定其心功能指标。结果示,DCM 患者 PANP 水平较对照组显著增高,且与心衰的严重程度呈正相关,PANP 与左室射血分数(LVEF)、心脏指数(CI)呈显著负相关,与二尖辦口 A 波最大速度与 E 波最大速度的比值(A/E)呈明显正相关。测定 PANP 水平对于评价 DCM 患者心脏收缩及舒张功能有一定的参考意义。     

非体外循环心脏减容术治疗扩张型心肌病心力衰竭

目的 对6只充血性心力衰竭犬模型行心脏减容手术减小左心室容积，观察缓解心力衰竭的疗效。方法 6只犬均行右心室快速起搏建立充血性心力衰竭模型，4周后检查及血液动力学指标测定确认模型合格。在非体外循环下施行左心室折叠术以减小左室容积，术中行血液动力学监测，以及经食管内超声心动指导并确认减容程度。结果 除1例术中死亡无法完成监测全部指标外，其余指标均提示心功明显改善。中心静脉压、平均肺动脉压、肺楔压、左室舒张末压、左室收缩压明显降低。左室收缩末期内径、左室舒张末期内径均减少。心输出量、射血分数显著提高。结论 非体外循环心脏减容术是一种新的、有效的治疗终末期扩张型心肌病的外科手术方法。近期效果满意，但远期效果尚有待于进一步观察。     

多普勒超声心动图对扩张型心肌病的诊断

目的:探讨与分析彩色多普勒超声心动图对扩张型心肌病的诊断价值。方法:应用彩色多普勒超声心动图技术回顾性分析85例扩张型心肌病患者的心脏形态学改变、心功能变化以及血流动力学资料。结果:85例患者均有不同程度的腔室扩大,左室壁呈均匀性弥漫性运动减低,房室瓣开放幅度减低,左室收缩功能明显减低,舒张功能亦减低,多瓣口返流,部分患者合并有心包积液或附壁血栓。结论:扩张型心肌病患者的彩色多普勒超声心动图具有特征性改变,彩色多普勒超声心动图对扩张型心肌病的诊断、鉴别诊断和疗效观察有重要价值。     

小剂量甲状腺素治疗扩张型心肌病心衰疗效观察

目的 观察小剂量甲状腺素治疗扩张型心肌病心衰的疗效.方法 随机分组,治疗组30例,对照组31例.治疗组在常规抗心衰治疗的基础上加用甲状腺素20mg/d,疗程4个月.结果 对照组在研究结束时的左室射血分数(LVEF)及左室舒张功能指标E峰/A峰(E/A)明显改善(P＜0.05),但治疗组上述指标改善更明显(P＜0.05).结论 小剂量甲状腺素使心功能明显改善,LVEF及E/A增加,治疗扩张型心肌病心衰疗效良好.     

高龄肺减容术围手术期心功能变化的研究

目的 探讨肺减容术治疗慢性阻塞性肺气肿(chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, COPD)对高龄患者围手术期心功能的影响.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声技术,分别于术前、术后5～7 d、术后12～14 d测定32例接受肺减容术高龄患者左右心功能及肺循环血流动力学指标.结果 术后5～7 d,右室射血分数(right ventricular ejection fraction,RVEF)降低(P《0.01);左心室每博量(left ventricular stroke volume, LVSV)减低(P《0.05);肺动脉收缩压(pulmonary artery systolic pressure, PASP)、肺动脉平均压(pulmonary mean average pressure, PAMP)、肺血管阻力(pulmonary vascular resistance,PVR)、右心室舒张末容积(right ventricular end diastolic volume, RVEDV)、增加(P《0.05),术后12～14 d上述指标除RVEF外与术前比较差异均无统计学意义.心输出量cardiac output, CO)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)术前术后差异无统计学意义(P》0.05).结论 高龄患者肺减容术后5～7 d心功能及肺循环血流动力学发生短暂变化,主要反映在肺动脉压及总肺血管阻力升高,右心泵功能下降,肺动脉压力和阻力恢复较快.肺减容术对左心功能无明显影响.     

扩张型心肌病甲状腺激素水平与心脏结构和功能的相关性研究

目的　探讨扩张型心肌病患者血中甲状腺激素浓度的变化及其与心脏结构与功能相关性。方法　以 31例扩张型心肌病患者和 30例健康成人为研究对象 ,用全自动化学发光免疫分析系统测定甲状腺激素浓度 ,后前位 X线胸片测心胸比例 ,彩色心脏超声测定舒张末期心脏大小、左室射血分数及二尖瓣口返流面积、时间、压力、速度。用 SPSS分析结果。结果 (1)扩张型心肌病血中三碘甲状腺原氨酸减低 ,有显著的统计学意义 ;四碘甲状腺原氨酸及促甲状腺素两组间无统计学意义。(2 ) T3浓度与心胸比例、舒张末期左室大小及二尖瓣口返流面积均呈负相关 (r=- 0 .778,P <0 .0 0 1;r=- 0 .6 38,P <0 .0 0 1;r =- 0 .5 13,P <0 .0 5 ) ,T3浓度与左室射血分数呈正相关 (r =0 .783,P <0 .0 0 1) ,与二尖瓣口返流时间、压力、速度相关性无统计学意义。结论　扩张型心肌病患者血中 T3明显减低 ,T3可能参与心肌病的发生发展与演变。     

倍他乐克治疗扩张型心肌病50例临床分析

目的观察倍他乐克治疗扩张型心肌病的临床疗效.方法将经超声心动图及X线心脏三位片确诊的扩张型心肌病患者50例,按入选顺序随机分为治疗组及对照组各25例.两组均常规使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、洋地黄及利尿剂治疗.治疗组多加用倍他乐克治疗,倍他乐克从小剂量(6.25 mg/d)开始,逐渐增加剂量.结果治疗组患者的心率减慢,心功能改善,治疗后超声心动图显示左室舒张末期内径及左房内径缩小,左室射血分数增高.结论在扩张型心肌病患者长期坚持使用倍他乐克可使心功能改善,生活质量提高,预后改善.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.