无精和严重少精子症患者Y染色体的微缺失

目的 检测我国无精和严重少精子症患者Y染色体微缺失的发生情况和位点,及其与睾丸病理学类型的关系.方法 取584例无精子症和80例严重少精子症患者精液中细胞或外周血白细胞,裂解提取DNA,用4组多重聚合酶链反应检测分布于AZFa、AZFb、AZFc区,包括欧洲男科学会和欧洲分子遗传学质量控制体系推荐的6个位点在内的共15个序列标签位点(sequence tagged site,SIS)的缺失.对部分有Y染色体微缺失患者进行睾丸细针抽吸活检,检查睾丸病理学类型.结果 584例无精子症患者中,共有66例(11.3%)发生Y染色体微缺失,各区发生率构成比由高到低依次为:AZFc区48例(72.7%),AZFb+c区9例(13.6%),AZFa+b+c区4例(6.1%),AZFb区3例(4.5%),A2Fa区2例(3.0%).80例严重少精子症患者共有10例发生Y染色体微缺失(12.5%),均为AZFc区缺失.AZFc区缺失患者(19例)睾丸病理学类型多样化;AZFb+c区或AZFa+b+c区缺失患者(7例)睾丸病理学类型为唯支持细胞综合征或生精阻滞于精原细胞.结论 Y染色体微缺失在我国的发生情况与其他国家大多数报道基本一致,跨区大缺失对精子发生造成严重影响.     

180例无精子症或严重少精子症不育男性的Y染色体微缺失检测

目的探讨不育男性无精子症或严重少精子症与Y染色体微缺失之间的关系.方法利用9个Y染色体特异序列标签位点,以多重PCR法检测无精子症或严重少精子症患者的Y染色体微缺失情况.结果 180例无精子症或严重少精子症患者中共检出Y染色体微缺失15例,缺失率为8.3%.精液正常者(对照组)20例未发现Y染色体微缺失.9例Y染色体微缺失的无精子症患者睾丸细胞学检查均未发现精子.结论 Y染色体微缺失是造成男性精子发生障碍的常见病因之一.     

无精子症及严重少精子症患者Y染色体AZF微缺失及点突变的研究

目的通过对无精子症和严重少精子症患者Y染色体AZF微缺失的检测,确定AZF微缺失的发生率及高发位点;同时,对正常生育男性、无精子症及严重少精子症患者进行sY254、sY255点突变检测,从分子水平探讨精子发生的机制,建立基因型与表型的关系。方法多重PCR技术对Y染色体上AZF 4个区域内的15个序列标签位点进行微缺失检测,采用SSCP方法进行sY254、sY255点突变检测;结果无精子症和严重少精子症患者Y染色体AZF微缺失率分别为9.80%和9.68%,显著高于少精子症组的3.34%(P<0.05);其中sY152、sY239、sY243、sY254、sY255在Y染色体上的位置相互毗邻,其联合缺失39例,占总缺失率的65.0%,AZFb+AZFd+AZFc联合缺失的有8人,占总缺失的13.3%;本研究中,正常生育男性、无精子症及严重少精子症患者均未发现sY254、sY255的点突变。结论Y染色体AZF微缺失是导致无精子症和严重少精子症的重要因素,sY152、sY239、sY243、sY254、sY255联合缺失是AZF的缺失热点;未发现sY254、sY255点突变。     

Cystic fibrosis mutation screening in healthy men with reduced sperm quality

The majority of men with cystic fibrosis (CF) are infertiledue to a bilateral congenital absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD).However, clinically affected CF patients present a spectrumof genital phenotypes ranging from normal fertility to severelyimpaired spermatogenesis and CBAVD. Recently, it has becomeapparent that CF can manifest itself as isolated CBAVD in theabsence of other clinical symptoms. The present study was undertakento test the possible involvement of the CF gene in the aetiologyof male infertility other than CBAVD. Semen specimens from 127unrelated healthy males with various diagnoses of reduced spermquality were screened for a panel of 13 mutations in the cysticfibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Fourteenof 80 (17.5%) healthy men with infertility due to reduced spermquality and 3 of 21 (143%) men with azoospermia had at leastone CF mutation (one azoospermic male was a compound hetero-zygote).The frequency of mutations in our sample of infertile maleswas significantly higher than the expected CF carrier frequencyin the local population (P = 0.00139). No mutations were foundin a control group of 26 individuals with normal semen parameters.This increased frequency of CF mutations in healthy men withreduced sperm quality and in men with azoospermia without CBAVDsuggests that the CFTR protein may be involved in the processof spermatogenesis or sperm maturation apart from playing acritical role in the development of the epididymal glands andthe vas deferens.     

Genetic risk factors in infertile men with severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia.

BACKGROUND: Male infertility due to severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia has been associated with a number of genetic risk factors. METHODS: In this study 150 men from couples requesting ICSI were investigated for genetic abnormalities, such as constitutive chromosome abnormalities, microdeletions of the Y chromosome (AZF region) and mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. RESULTS: Genetic analysis identified 16/150 (10.6%) abnormal karyotypes, 8/150 (5.3%) AZFc deletions and 14/150 (9.3%) CFTR gene mutations. An abnormal karyotype was found both in men with oligozoospermia and azoospermia: 9 men had a sex-chromosomal aneuploidy, 6 translocations were identified and one marker chromosome was found. Y chromosomal microdeletions were mainly associated with male infertility, due to testicular insufficiency. All deletions identified comprised the AZFc region, containing the Deleted in Azoospermia (DAZ) gene. CFTR gene mutations were commonly seen in men with congenital absence of the vas deferens, but also in 16% of men with azoospermia without any apparent abnormality of the vas deferens. CONCLUSIONS: A genetic abnormality was identified in 36/150 (24%) men with extreme oligozoospermia and azoospermia. Application of ICSI in these couples can result in offspring with an enhanced risk of unbalanced chromosome complement, male infertility due to the transmission of a Y-chromosomal microdeletion, and cystic fibrosis if both partners are CFTR gene mutation carriers. Genetic testing and counselling is clearly indicated for these couples before ICSI is considered.     

609例无精子症和少精子症患者的细胞遗传学分析

目的探讨无精子症和少精子症患者染色体畸变的发病率和特点。方法常规G显带方法对609例无精子症和少精子症患者行细胞遗传学检测。结果总的染色体异常检出率为12.8%,其中包括46例性染色体非整倍体（59%）,7例性染色体结构异常（9%）,25例常染色体结构异常（32%）。其中克氏综合征达39例,占检出性染色体非整倍体83%。在206例无精子症患者中检出42例异常核型（20.4%）,在228例严重少精子症患者中检出24例异常核型（10.5%）,在175例少精子症患者中检出12例异常核型（6.9%）。结论染色体数目异常和结构异常在无精子症和少精子症患者中常见。我们需要更加有效的检测手段提高男性不育检出率。     

Validation and application of a novel integrated genetic screening method to a cohort of 1,112 men with idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia

Microdeletions of the Y chromosome (YCMs), Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY), and CFTR mutations are known genetic causes of severe male infertility, but the majority of cases remain idiopathic. Here, we describe a novel method using single molecule Molecular Inversion Probes (smMIPs), to screen infertile men for mutations and copy number variations affecting known disease genes. We designed a set of 4,525 smMIPs targeting the coding regions of causal (n = 6) and candidate (n = 101) male infertility genes. After extensive validation, we screened 1,112 idiopathic infertile men with non‐obstructive azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia. In addition to five chromosome YCMs and six other sex chromosomal anomalies, we identified five patients with rare recessive mutations in CFTR as well as a patient with a rare heterozygous frameshift mutation in SYCP3 that may be of clinical relevance. This results in a genetic diagnosis in 11–17 patients (1%–1.5%), a yield that may increase significantly when more genes are confidently linked to male infertility. In conclusion, we developed a flexible and scalable method to reliably detect genetic causes of male infertility. The assay consolidates the detection of different types of genetic variation while increasing the diagnostic yield and detection precision at the same or lower price compared with currently used methods.     

中国人原发无精与严重少精症Y染色体AZF区域微缺失的分子流行病学研究

目的 明确与中国人原发无精和严重少精症密切相关的Y染色体无精症因子(azoospermia factor，AZF)区域微缺失位点及其缺失特点，为开展中国人AZF微缺失基因诊断提供理论依据。方法 采用多重聚合酶链反应技术，针对实验组134例原发无精、118例原发严重少精症患者与对照组210名已正常生育男性，进行AZFa、AZFb、AZFe三个区域共15个序列标签位点(sequence tag site，STS)的微缺失分析。结果 对照组在所有15个STS位点中均未发现缺失，实验组STS位点缺失涉及到13个STS位点，分别是：AZFa区的sY84、sY86，AZFb区的sYl21、sYl23、sYl24、sYl27、sYl34、sYl33，AZFc区的sYl52、sY242、sY254、sY255、sYl57。在5例无精患者中发现AZFa区STS位点缺失，缺失率为2．0％，在7例无精与3例少精患者中发现AZFb区STS位点缺失，缺失率为4．0％，在14例无精与18例少精患者中发现AZFc区STS位点缺失，缺失率为12．7％。统计学分析提示实验组与对照组13个STS位点缺失率差异有极显著性。结论所确定的AZF区域13个STS位点缺失与中国人原发无精和严重少精密切相关，未发现上述STS位点缺失的群体多态现象；中国人原发无精和严重少精症AZF区域微缺失的频率、分布、缺失热区与白人基本一致；所选择的13个STS位点可作为中国人原发无精与严重少精症AZF区域微缺失基因诊断筛查的候选位点。     

810例严重少(无)精子症患者Y染色体微缺失筛查与分析

目的筛查原发无精子症与重度少精子症患者Y染色体微缺失情况,探讨Y染色体微缺失与男性不育的关系。方法采用改良多重PCR方法对810例男性不育患者(457例原发无精子症和353例严重少精子症)基因组DNA进行Y染色体微缺失筛查。结果810例患者中发现77例Y染色体微缺失患者,缺失率为9.5%,其中少精子症31例,均为AZFc微缺失,无精子症46例,缺失类型呈多样化。缺失类型包括AZFa微缺失3例(3.90%),AZFb微缺失2例(2.60%),AZFc微缺失63例(81.82%),AZFb+c微缺失4例(5.19%),AZFa+b+c微缺失5例(6.49%)。结论Y染色体微缺失是原发无精子症和少精子症的重要原因之一,AZFc缺失为最常见的缺失类型,对此类患者进行Y染色体微缺失的常规筛查是有必要的,尤其是拟行辅助生殖技术助孕的不育患者。     

1000例无精子症和严重少精子症患者的Y染色体微缺失检测及分析

目的探讨Y染色体微缺失检测的意义。方法应用多重PCR对329例无精子症和671例严重少精子症患者行Y染色体AZFa、AZFb和AZFc基因微缺失检测。结果共检出Y染色体微缺失76例(7.6%),其中AZFc缺失60例(78.9%)。无精子症患者检出率为10%,严重少弱精子症患者检出率为6.4%,这两组缺失率有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 AZFc缺失是最常见的缺失类型。无精子症患者Y微缺发生率较严重少精子症患者高。Y染色体微缺失检测为这类患者的遗传咨询提供重要依据。     

严重少精子症和无精子症者Y染色体AZF区域微缺失的基因诊断筛查

目的研究严重少精子症和无精子症与Y染色体无精子因子(AZF)微缺失之间的关系。方法采用多重聚合酶链反应技术对103例原发无精子症、72例原发严重少子精症患者及60例正常生育男性进行AZFa、AZFb、AZFc 3个区域微缺失分析。结果 60例正常生育男性未发现Y染色体AZF区域微缺失,175例生精障碍患者中发现AZF微缺失19例,总缺失率为10.9%。其中11例无精子症患者和4例少精子症患者的缺失发生在AZFc区域,缺失率为8.6%;1例无精子症患者和2例少精子症患者发生AZFb、AZFc双重缺失,缺失率为1.7%;1例无精子症患者发生AZFa、b、c 3个区域同时微缺失,缺失率0.6%。生精障碍组与正常生育男性组比较Y染色体AZF区域微缺失率差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。结论 Y染色体AZF区域微缺失是引起男性无子精症、少精子症的重要原因之一。采用多重聚合酶链反应技术对原发无精子症、少精子症患者在单精子注射(ICSI)之前进行微缺失筛查是必要的。     

无精与严重少精症Y染色体AZF区域微缺失与生殖激素的关系

目的 探讨Y染色体AZF区域微缺失与生殖激素的关系.方法 应用多重PCR扩增对100例无精与严重少精症患者的4个区域15个位点进行AZF基因检测,并采用贝克曼全自动化学发光仪进行生殖激素的测定.采用Epidata建立数据库,应用SAS软件进行均数和方差分析F检验的统计分析.结果 100例患者中发生AZF微缺失的患者13...     

呼和浩特地区209例无精子症和严重少弱精子症患者的遗传因素调查

目的探讨染色体数目和结构异常,以及Y染色体无精子因子基因拷贝缺失与男性不育的关系。方法利用染色体G显带和PCR检测技术,对209例无精症和少弱精症患者进行外周血染色体检查,对在染色体核型分析中Y染色体部分缺失患者5例,11例小Y患者,以及1例Y染色体数目和结构均有异常的嵌合体患者,共17例进行Y染色体微缺失检测。结果共发现染色体异常核型71例,占34.9%。Y染色体微缺失患者4例。结论在无精症和少弱精症患者中存在较高频率染色体数目和结构异常,以及无精子因子基因拷贝缺失,遗传因素是造成男性不育的重要因素。     

无精子症、严重少精子症患者染色体核型与Y染色体AZF微缺失的相关性分析

目的对无精子症、严重少精子症患者染色体核型与Y染色体AZF微缺失的相关性进行分析,以探讨Y染色体AZF微缺失检测在男性不育中的应用价值。方法对无精子症、严重少精子症患者进行细胞遗传学分析,根据分析结果分为染色体核型正常组及异常组。采用PCR方法对各样本Y染色体AZF所在区域的6个序列标签位点（STS）进行扩增,琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行扩增产物的检测。结果在所分析的76例无精子症、严重少精子症患者中,染色体核型异常组27例,其中未检测到有Y染色体AZF缺失的存在;染色体核型正常组49例,其中1例无精症患者发现有Y染色体AZF缺失的存在。结论染色体核型异常与AZF微缺失无相关性。Y染色体AZF微缺失是造成男性不育的原因之一。Y染色体AZF微缺失检测在无精子症、严重少精子症患者中具有重要价值,可明确无精子症、严重少精子症的病因,从而避免不必要的治疗。     

Controlled comparison of percutaneous and microsurgical sperm retrieval in men with obstructive azoospermia

A controlled comparison of the efficacy and reliability of sperm retrieval by testicular fine needle aspiration (TFNA), percutaneous testicular needle biopsy (PercBiopsy) and microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) was performed in nine patients with obstructive azoospermia. During a planned MESA procedure, sperm retrieval was attempted on the same testis with TFNA and PercBiopsy. Spermatozoa were obtained from all patients using MESA and PercBiopsy. Spermatozoa were retrieved using TFNA from 6/9 (67%) men. The mean number of epididymal spermatozoa retrieved with MESA (15 x 106) was significantly higher (P = 0.003) than that retrieved percutaneously from the testis. The mean number of spermatozoa obtained by PercBiopsy was 0.116 x 10(6) while TFNA recovered 0.014 x 106 spermatozoa (P = 0.025). MESA is the optimal choice to retrieve the greatest number of spermatozoa with highest motility for assisted reproduction and subsequent cryopreservation. However, percutaneous testicular retrieval does not require microsurgical expertise and is less invasive. Our results suggest that the optimal percutaneous procedure for sperm retrieval from the testis involves percutaneous testicular needle biopsy with an automatic biopsy gun.      

Cystic fibrosis mutation frequencies in an Irish population

The incidence of cystic fibrosis (CF) at birth in Ireland is 1/1461. Neonate CF genetic testing is not routinely performed in Ireland. Currently, screening is only carried out where there is clinical evidence or a family history to suggest disease. Here we report the frequencies of common CF mutations occurring in an Irish population composed of samples collected from western, mid-western and southern regions of Ireland. Rarer CF mutations were also identified in a selected number of CF patients. In addition, a number of polymorphisms were identified, some of which are reported to be functionally and phenotypically important.     

Cystic fibrosis mutation frequencies in upstate New York

Upstate New York patients (100) with cystic fibrosis (i.e., 200 CF chromosomes), 72 from the CF center in Syracuse and 28 from a Buffalo CF center, were analyzed for their CF-causing mutations using restriction enzyme digest, single-strand conformation analysis (SSCA), and Heteroduplex (HA) analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified products from all 27 CFTR exons using primers that included flanking intron junction sequence were investigated. More than 120 known cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) disease-causing mutations were screened. Four novel CFTR disease-causing mutations were identified (N287Y in exon 6b, 1259insA in exon 8, R1070P in exon 17b, and CF?20kbdel14b-18). A detection rate of 96% of the combined Syracuse and Buffalo population CF chromosomes was obtained. Hum Mutat 10:436–442, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

无精症、严重少精症患者Y染色体无精子因子微缺失的遗传学研究

目的研究男性无精症和严重少精症患者的发病原因。方法应用细胞遗传学和多重聚合酶链反应技术，对148例无精症、严重少精症患者进行检测。结果在148例患者中发现11例Y染色体无精子因子(azoospermia factor，AZF)微缺失(7．4％)，在检测的AZFa、AZFb、AZFd、AZFc4个区域共15个序列标签位点中，缺失13个位点、11个位点、2个位点和1个位点的各有1例，缺失12个位点的有2例，缺失5个位点的有5例。发现7例患者的染色体发生了明显的形态学改变(4．7％)，其中1例Y染色体长臂缺失伴易位，4例Y染色体的长臂单纯缺失，1例Y染色体长臂1区2带(Yq12)增加，1例常染色体之间发生了相互易位。结论AZF微缺失和染色体异常是引起男性不育的主要原因之一。