针刺对家兔脑软膜微血管管径及血流速度的影响

本文用电针足三里、曲池、人中和内关穴，观察家兔软脑膜微动脉和微静脉管径及血流速度的变化。结果刺激足三里引起激动脉扩张，血流速度加快，作用明显；电针曲池亦引起微动脉扩张，血流速度加快，但作用较弱；电针人中，内关引起微动脉收缩，血流速度减慢，微静脉反应均较弱。     

酚苄明与阿拉明联合用药治疗重症感染性休克的微循环观察及作用机理初探

用改装显微镜和显微摄影记录Vicker计观察、测量重症感染性休克患儿球结膜微循环。发现微循环淤血:微动脉(细动脉)扩张,微静脉(细静脉)收缩,毛细血管数目增多,较模糊,有红细胞聚集及血流速度减慢等。用酚苄明联合阿拉明治疗5—6小时,微动脉、微静脉管径恢复,血流速度加快,聚集的红细胞解聚,淤血状态改善。8例用药7—8小时,微动脉管径较前缩小,血流速度变慢,经大剂量的654—2用1—3次恢复正常。血压等在微循环改善之前恢复。16例均获愈,并讨论了药物的作用机理。     

葛根素、川芎嗪、丹参注射液对家兔软脑膜微循环的影响

目的 :探讨葛根素、川芎嗪、丹参注射液治疗脑血管疾病的疗效机制。方法 :采用闭合式颅骨开窗法 ,应用多部位微循环观察仪及微循环计算机图像处理系统 ,观察用药前后家兔软脑膜微血管管径及血流速度的变化。结果 :正常家兔静脉注射葛根素 ( 5 0 mg/kg) ,对微血管的管径及血流速度的影响较小 ;静脉注射丹参注射液 ( 1ml/ kg)、川芎嗪 ( 2 0 ml/ kg)、维脑路通 ( 1ml/ kg)均有扩张微动脉、增加微动脉血流速度的作用 ,对微静脉作用较小。其中丹参注射液作用最为明显。结论 :静脉注射丹参注射液、川芎嗪、维脑路通系通过扩张软脑膜微动脉、增加微动脉血流速度而达到治疗目的。     

驻极体改善小鼠皮肤微循环的实验研究

本文简要讨论了聚丙烯(PP)驻极体充电后在不同的贮存条件下(组织液和不同的环境湿度)的电荷贮存寿命问题。用显微镜观察PP驻极体对小鼠局部皮肤微循环的影响,实验动物分成对照组和驻极体组。实验结果表明,对照组,连续6小时观察微动脉和微静脉血流速度,血管口径的变化无明显差异。驻极体实验组,连续观察6小时微动脉无明显扩张,但驻极体能使微静脉持续扩张(P<0.001),并且使微动脉和微静脉的血流速度加快,毛细血管及微动脉血流改善。驻极体具有改善局部微循环的作用,用于改善局部皮肤微循环的驻极体的最佳注极电位在700伏左右。     

大剂量激素对脑创伤家兔脑微循环及血液流变性的影响

为探讨大剂量激素对脑创伤后脑微循环及血液流变性的影响，将２４只家兔随机等分为３组：标准对照组、损伤对照组和地塞米松治疗组。分别在伤前０．５ｈ、伤后０．５ｈ、１ｈ、２ｈ、３ｈ测量软脑膜微动脉管径和血流速度的变化及伤后３ｈ血液流变学指标。结果表明：大剂量激素在伤后０．５ｈ就能明显地扩张损伤处软脑膜的微动脉并使血流速度明显加快。伤后３ｈ能明显降低血沉、全血粘度、红细胞压积及纤维蛋白原含量，并明显增强红细胞的变形能力，降低其聚集性。这些结果表明大剂量激素能明显改善脑创伤后家兔的脑微循环及血液流变性     

山莨菪碱对骨骼肌微血液动力学的影响

山莨菪碱由中国植物分离提取而得。用Alfathesin麻醉的大鼠的背斜方肌(Spinotrapezius)研究了山莨菪碱对微血管的影响。静脉注射山莨菪碱(3mg/kg体重)后,测量并记录体动脉压和血液动力学的指标,包括血管口径、红细胞速度及10～5微米横向微动脉(transverse arteriole)的血流量。山莨菪碱可扩张微动脉管径,加快红细胞血流速度。微动脉血流量较对照组提高3～4倍。平均动脉压在给药后立即降低15～     

对微球囊栓塞大脑中动脉制作猕猴局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型的评价

目的 建立一种理想的猕猴局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型. 方法 成年健康猕猴12只(雌雄各半).经颈总动脉或股动脉介入手术,将标准微球囊导管插入大脑中动脉(MCA)的起始部,然后充盈微球囊阻断MCA血流,退出微球囊后实现MCA血流再灌注,建立大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注(MCAO/R)模型.通过脑血管造影、磁共振血管成像(MRA)、磁共振扫描成像(MRI)、氯化三苯基四氮唑(TIC)染色和神经行为功能评分对动物模型进行评价.结果 经颈总动脉或股动脉介入手术,可以在荧光屏直视下准确地将微球囊导管插入大MCA阻断其血流,MCA在MRA上不显像.MCA供血区磁共振T1、T2、DWI出现高信号区,TFC染色显示脑梗夕匕病灶,动物出现相应的神经功能障碍.该方法 成功率高、重复性好、操作简单. 结论 经股动脉微球囊导管介入手术建立猕猴MCAO/R模型是一种较为理想的方法 .     

驻极体改善小鼠皮肤微循环的研究

本文通过聚丙烯(PP)驻极体对小鼠局部皮肤微循环进行研究,结果表明,驻极体能使微静脉扩张,微动脉和微静脉的血流速度加快,毛细血管及微动脉血流改善。驻极体具有改善局部微循环的作用,用于改善局部支肤微循环的最佳注极电位在700伏左右。     

丹参酮ⅡA对脓毒症小鼠脑软膜微血流速度和脑组织炎性介质水平的干预作用

目的:探讨丹参酮ⅡA(STS)对脓毒症小鼠脑微血流和神经炎症反应的干预作用。方法:32只昆明小鼠常规开颅窗后随机分成4组:假手术组(Sham组)、STS对照组(STS组)、脓毒症模型组(LPS组)、STS治疗组(LPS+STS组)。LPS组和LPS+STS组小鼠经腹腔注射内毒素(LPS,5mg/μg体重)制备脓毒症模型小鼠,1h后造模成功,随后STS组和LPS+STS组腹腔注射STS(10mg/kg)。应用BI2000型微循环图像处理系统,通过开放式颅窗观察各组小鼠不同时相(造模前,成模后2h,成模后4h)软脑膜微静脉、微动脉血流速度,用ELISA检测成模后4h小鼠脑海马组织内肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的水平变化。结果:LPS组小鼠于成模后2h、4h软脑膜微动脉、微静脉血管血流速度较Sham组明显减慢(P<0.01);脑海马组织成模后4hTNF-α和IL-1β的水平较Sham组明显升高(P<0.01)。LPS+STS组成模后2h、4h微动脉、微静脉血流速度较LPS组明显加快,脑海马组织TNF-α和IL-1β的水平较LPS组显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:STS可改善脓毒症小鼠脑微血流速度,减轻神经炎症反应,发挥脑保护作用。     

抗疲劳复方中药提取物对小鼠骨骼肌微血管管径及血流速度的影响

目的 :研究抗疲劳复方中药提取物 (EAFF)对小鼠骨骼肌微循环的影响。方法 :采用我室建立的小鼠骨骼肌微循环观察方法 ,以肾上腺素作为引起微循环障碍的激动剂模拟骨骼肌疲劳。局部应用EAFF ,观察其对微血管管径及血流速度的影响。结果 :应用EAFF后 ,骨骼肌微动脉管径、微静脉血流速度以及毛细血管管径及血流速度与对照组比较均有明显改善 ,差异具有显著性意义 (P均 <0 .0 5 )。结论 :EAFF具有改善骨骼肌微循环障碍的作用     

尾加压素Ⅱ对大鼠肠系膜微循环的影响

目的: 探讨尾加压素(UII)对于大鼠肠系膜微循环的影响。方法: 采用活体微循环观测技术观察UII对于SD大鼠肠系膜微血管内径、血流速度的作用,采用激光多普勒血流量仪测定肠壁血流量的变化。结果: 正常对照组肠系膜细动脉和细静脉血管内径分别为(21.4±2.3) μm和(38.1±3.6) μm,UII组于滴加UII(10^-7mol/L)后即刻细动脉和细静脉出现收缩,1 min时细动脉和细静脉收缩达到高峰,血管内径分别为(14.1±1.4) μm和(22.2±5.2) μm(与正常对照组比较,P<0.05);细动、静脉内血流速度无明显变化(与正常对照组比较P>0.05);肠壁血流量于滴加UII(10^-7 mol/L)后1 min开始升高,5 min达到高峰 。结论: UII可以使大鼠肠系膜微血管收缩,血流量增加。     

Contributions of pressure and flow sensitivity to autoregulation in mesenteric arterioles.

The relative influence of presence and flow on dilation of arterioles with pressure reduction was examined in preparations of cat mesentery. Erythrocyte velocity and diameter were measured in individual arterioles during stepwise reduction in mesenteric arterial pressure. Volume flow was calculated from velocity and diameter data. Approximately half of the arterioles which dilated with pressure reduction also showed an increase in volume flow. In a second series of experiments, a graded reduction of flow in single arterioles was produced by local downstream occlusion. Graded occlusion caused dilation. In a third series, flow in single arterioles was completely stopped by downstream occlusion, and arterial pressure was then lowered. Most arterioles dilated with pressure reduction. In a fourth series, flow in the total preparation was completely stopped and static intravascular pressure set by a reservoir. Elevation of static pressure typically produced arteriolar constriction. We conclude from these studies that the mesenteric arteriole is sensitive both to intravascular pressure and flow, with the former probably more important than the latter in the phenomenon of autoregulation.     

Effects of hypertonic NaCl solution on microvascular haemodynamics in normo- and hypovolaemia

The aims of this study were to investigate possible resuscitation effects of a single, 10-min, 350-microliters intravenous infusion of 7.5% NaCl in hamsters in hemorrhagic shock and to compare the effects of such infusion with an identical one of 0.9% NaCl on the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation during normovolaemia and after acute bleeding to a hypotension level of about 40 mmHg. No significant differences could be detected between the effects of either infusion given to normovolaemic normotensive hamsters. In the animals subjected to haemorrhage, upon bleeding, arterioles larger than 40 microns constricted, arterioles smaller than 40 microns dilated and venular diameter did not change, while blood flow decreased in all vessels. The main differences between the infusions after haemorrhage were a significant increase in mean arterial pressure and arteriolar blood flow, venoconstriction and a tendency for the smaller arterioles to remain more dilated and the larger ones more constricted after the hypertonic infusion. Central nervous and/or reflex excitation of the sympathetic nervous system could account for the constriction of venules and larger arterioles, while a direct effect of hyperosmolarity could explain the dilatation of the smaller arterioles. The study can therefore help to explain some of the mechanisms underlying the reported resuscitation effect of 7.5% NaCl infusion in animals during severe haemorrhagic hypovolaemia.     

实验高压电烧伤后肝脏微循环动态变化及意义

目的通过研究高压电烧伤后动物肝脏微循环的变化，探讨高压电对肝脏微循环的影响。方法将20只家兔随机分为高压电烧伤组（实验组）和假高压电烧伤组（对照组），每组各10只。用实验高压电击系统复制家兔高压电烧伤模型，采用WX-9B型多部位微循环显微镜及其图像分析系统，观察高压电烧伤后肝脏表面微血管形态、微血流动态及微血管周围状态的早期变化及规律。结果实验组伤后即刻终末门微静脉、中央静脉和肝窦收缩，肝窦清晰度下降，血流速度减慢；伤后1h上述微血管扩张，肝窦变清晰，血流速度恢复正常；伤后2～6h再度出现上述微血管收缩，肝窦密度减低，血流速度下降等变化，并呈逐渐加重趋势。实验组伤后即出现红细胞聚集、白细胞附壁、微血栓、渗出和出血等改变，并呈逐渐加重趋势。结论高压电烧伤可引起家兔肝脏微循环障碍。     

Microtubuloreticular structures in the cerebral vasculature of a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis

In this report we will document the presence of microtubuloreticular structure (MTRS) in the cerebral vasculature of a patient who had contracted herpes simplex (HSV) encephalitis. Twenty of twenty-one blood vessels (capillaries, arterioles, venules) contained MTRS within the cytoplasm of endothelial and/or associated cells. The use of this evidence to support a diagnosis of HSV encephalitis is discussed.     

定量分析红花对家兔平均动脉压及肠系膜血液动力学的影响

在平均动脉血压控制下，应用显微录像静画步进和二点光电法同步连续地测量红花对活体家兔肠系膜内径为３０～５０μｍ细动脉内径、血流速度和血管运动的影响。结果发现：红花２００ｍｇ／ｍｌ·ｋｇ组注入后，肠系膜上内径为３０～５０μｍ细动脉口径以及平均动脉压无变化，而血流速度在给药后３０ｓ开始明显加快，持续１．５ｍｉｎ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。于活体显微镜下，在直径３０～５０μｍ细动脉水平证明红花有抑制局部投与去甲肾上腺素诱导血管运动的作用。血管运动被抑制后血流量增加，给去甲肾上腺素前与给红花后其内径粗细对比变化不明显，提示红花的作用本质是抑制去甲肾上腺素引起的血管运动而不是扩张血管     

实验高压电烧伤胃黏膜微循环动态变化及意义

目的探索高压电对家兔胃黏膜微循环的影响及其发生机制。方法将20只家兔随机分为高压电烧伤组(实验组)和假高压电烧伤组(对照组),每组10只。用实验高压电击系统复制家兔高压电烧伤模型,采用WX-9B型多部位微循环显微镜及其图像分析系统,通过胃黏膜下层微循环观测窗,观察高压电烧伤后胃黏膜微血管形态、血流动力学及微血管周围状态的早期变化及规律,并大体观察6h胃黏膜损伤情况。结果与对照组比较,实验组电击后微动脉即刻收缩,1h扩张,以后逐渐恢复;微静脉即刻收缩,并较快恢复为电前状态,4~6h再次出现收缩现象。致伤即刻微动静脉血流速度明显减慢,1h以后加快,2h再次减慢。致伤即刻黏膜层毛细血管网扩张,渗出明显,1h缓解,2h以后随时间逐渐加重。结论高压电烧伤导致家兔胃黏膜微循环障碍。     

Microcirculation and responses of pial vessels in anaphylaxis

Intravenous injection of a reacting dose of horse serum (2 ml/kg) into sensitized rabbits and dogs was followed by lowering of the blood pressure in the main arteries and by slowing of the blood flow, disturbance of the laminar pattern of flow, aggregation of the blood cells, and blood stasis in the terminal segments of the pial vessels. The arterioles and venules were dilated. After injection of a smaller reacting dose of serum (1 ml/kg) into rabbits, elevation of the blood pressure in the main arteries, acceleration of the blood flow in the pial vessels, and spasm of the arterioles and venules were recorded initially, followed by a fall of blood pressure, dilatation of the arterioles and venules, and the development of the microcirculatory disturbances described above.Department of Pathological Physiology, Rostov Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. D. Ado.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 78, No. 10, pp. 21–24, October, 1974.     

压低力对大鼠牙龈微循环影响的实验研究

目的观察压低力对牙龈区域微血流的变化,探讨压低力对牙龈微循环的影响.方法采用显微电视记录仪直接观察牙龈微血流,并用特殊的设计软件进行数据分析.结果0.20N压低力作用到大鼠上颌第一前磨牙1 h后,牙龈微血管管径及峰值和基础血流量无明显变化,而加力到0.40N后1h发现牙龈微血管管径变细及峰值和基础血流量明显减少.结论在牙畸齿矫正压低移动过程中,应当考虑压低力对牙龈微循环的影响,避免牙龈因压力负荷过大而引起组织损伤.     

Synthetic progestagen-oestrogen preparations and endometrial morphology

19-nor steroids in high and medium dosage in continuous or cyclic combined regimens with oestrogen produce an endometrium characterized by hyperinvoluted glands, a prominent predecidual reaction, suppressed arterioles, and dilated venules. When daily dosage is decreased to 2.0 mg. or less, the endometrium is composed of hyperinvoluted glands in an inert stroma; predecidual reactions are weak and infrequent; venules are rarely dilated, but spiral arterioles are suppressed.17-alpha-Acetoxyprogesterone derivatives in high and medium dosage given in a cyclic combined regimen with oestrogen produce similar but less intense effects to the 19-nor steroids. When given in cyclic sequential regimen, they produce an early secretory endometrium closely resembling normal patterns, chronologically retarded by about five days; in some instances a regressing, undatable secretory pattern is found, but predecidual response is minimal, and dilated venules are not seen.19-nor steroids in medium dosage given for 20 days without added oestrogen produce a late secretory endometrium with unpredictable variation from patient to patient and even from site to site within the same endometrium.Inhibition of the development of spiral arterioles is a common denominator in all progestagenoestrogen regimens. Modification of this element within the target tissue may be decisive for the morphogenesis of later vascular and stromal changes.Using synthetic progestagen-oestrogen regimens, endometrial gland secretion appears only after progestagen, whether given ab initio concomitantly with oestrogen or begun after a phase of oestrogen priming. Secretory vacuoles become evident about four to five days after progestagen is administered. The role of progestagen in secretion is interpreted as an indirect effect whereas its role in the development of decidual-like changes is construed as direct.