Immunocytochemistry and ELISA quantitation of mucin for diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions.

One hundred and thirty-five pleural effusions with definite etiology were analyzed by mucin-specific monoclonal antibody (17Q2)-derived enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Twenty-four effusions were transudate, 45 were nonmalignant exudate, and 66 were malignant. Among the 66 malignant effusions, 52 were adenocarcinoma, and 14 were malignancies other than adenocarcinoma. Purified mucous glycoproteins from sputa of normal subjects were used as ELISA standard. Our results showed that the mean mucin concentration in malignant pleural effusions were significantly higher than that of benign exudates (8.41 +/- 13.48 ng/ml versus 1.09 +/- 0.82 ng/ml, p < 0.01). Mucin concentration in malignant pleural effusions caused by adenocarcinoma was also significantly higher than in non-adenocarcinoma effusions (9.96 +/- 14.81 ng/ml versus 2.66 +/- 1.74 ng/ml, p < 0.01). With the use of mean +/- 2 SD of mucin concentration in benign exudates as a cut-off value (2.73 ng/ml), the sensitivity of this assay for diagnosis of malignant effusions was 66.7%, specificity was 97.1%, and accuracy was 82.2%. High levels of mucin concentration were more specifically associated with adenocarcinoma. When the mucin concentration in pleural effusions was greater than 5 ng/ml, 93.1% (27/29) of patients were adenocarcinoma. If the mucin concentration was greater than 10 ng/ml, 100% (14/14) of patients were adenocarcinoma. Immunofluorescent staining by mucin-specific monoclonal antibody 17Q2 were also carried out in diastase-treated cell preparations obtained from 22 patients with malignant pleural effusions and 16 benign exudates. Nine of 14 adenocarcinomas (64.2%) were reactive with monoclonal antibody 17Q2, while none of the benign exudates, squamous cell carcinomas, and mesotheliomas were stained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in benign and malignant pleural effusions

One hundred ninety-one unselected fluid specimens submitted routinely for cytologic examination were assayed to determine whether the measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in pleural effusions is useful in detecting malignancy. The mean +/- SD CEA level of 103 benign effusions was 4.1 +/- 2.9 ng/ml. Only one benign effusion had a level greater than 12 ng/ml (18 ng/ml). Benign inflammatory effusions (pneumonia, empyema) had a higher mean CEA activity (6.2 +/- 3.4) than effusions caused by congestive heart failure (2.9 +/- 1.5) (p less than 0.001). Twenty-four (34%) of 70 malignant effusions had a CEA level greater than 12 ng/ml, and 28 (40%) were "positive" by cytologic study. Thirty-eight (54%) were detected by one or both methods. Ten malignant effusions were positive by CEA (greater than 12 ng/ml) alone. These data suggest that the determination of CEA activity levels, when used in conjunction with other clinical findings, may be useful in detecting malignant pleural effusions.     

Elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-2 receptor positive cells in carcinomatous pleural effusions

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) level and IL-2R positive (IL-2R+) cells were studied in twenty patients with carcinomatous pleural effusions. The mean value of soluble IL-2R level in carcinomatous pleural effusions was 2930 +/- 1722 U/ml and that in sera was 965 +/- 610 U/ml. Soluble IL-2R level in carcinomatous pleural effusions was found to be significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that in sera of patients with carcinomatous pleural effusions and that in transudates. Serum soluble IL-2R level in patients with carcinomatous pleural effusions was found, to be significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that in normal controls (264 +/- 70 U/ml). We also studied IL-2R+ cells in pleural fluids and peripheral blood of patients with carcinomatous pleural effusions. The mean percentage of IL-2R+ cells in carcinomatous pleural fluid lymphocytes was 22.8 +/- 17.8%, as compared with 3.0 +/- 2.2% in peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal controls (p less than 0.001). No significant differences were observed among the cell types of lung cancer examined (adenocarcinoma, squamous, small cell and large cell carcinoma) and no correlation among levels of soluble IL-2R and IL-2R+ cell in either pleural fluid or blood. Our results suggest that in patients with carcinomatous pleural effusions, T cell-mediated active immune mechanisms (IL-2/IL-2R system) against cancer cells are more active in pleural fluid than in peripheral blood.     

Thoracoscopy with pleural brushing. A new diagnostic method for pleural diseases

Pleural brushing can be performed under thoracoscopic examination. The combined use of all three methods of diagnosis (macroscopy, biopsy, cytology) achieved optimal diagnostic results. From September 1980 to October 1981 we have performed 150 thoracoscopies for pleural effusions, while the results of conventional pleural cytology and biopsy were negative. In 108 cases pleural brushing and biopsy were both performed. The diagnosis was in 37 cases non malignant disease states associated with effusions and in 71 cases tumoural effusions. Among the 37 cases of non malignant diseases states associated with effusions were 6 mechanical effusions, 27 inflammatory processes, 4 infectious processes. Among the 71 cases of tumoural effusions were 3 benign pleural lipomas, 50 metastatic carcinomas, 18 carcinomatous mesotheliomas. We studied the diagnostic accuracy of pleural brushing: in non malignant diseases pleural brushing show the non tumoural features of the process, in metastatic tumours biopsy was positive in 80% of the cases; pleural brushing in 78% of cases; taken together they allowed the diagnosis in 86% of the cases, in carcinomatous mesotheliomas biopsy was positive in 82.3%, pleural brushing in 78%; taken together they allowed the diagnosis in 89% of the cases. Pleural brushing allows a rapid cytological diagnosis, enhances the histological results and may be used to get cellular material in areas dangerous to biopsy.     

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in pleural effusions: a marker of inflammatory disease

BACKGROUND: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 is a recently described molecule that plays an important role in myeloid cell-activated inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TREM-1 in pleural effusions of various causes. METHODS: For this cross-sectional, observational study conducted between February and August 2005 in Taiwan, 74 patients with pleural effusions of varying etiology were investigated. Soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) was measured in pleural fluid samples, and cells in the fluid were assessed for surface expression of TREM-1. RESULTS: Concentrations of sTREM-1 were significantly higher in infectious and neoplastic pleural effusions (189.1+/-36.7 and 69.9+/-22.8ng/ml, mean+/-sem) than in transudates (10.1+/-5.3ng/ml; P<0.001). Among infectious effusions, the sTREM-1 levels were significantly higher in parapneumonic than in tuberculous effusions (301.8+/-49.8 vs. 38.9+/-17.3ng/ml; P<0.001). TREM-1 was expressed on a portion of the myeloid (CD11b positive) cells in each type of effusion, without significant differences among them (transudative, 34.7%; neoplastic, 36.0%; parapneumonic, 27.7%; tuberculous, 21.2%; P=0.861). Non-myeloid cells expressed very little TREM-1 (transudative, 6.3%; neoplastic, 0.5%; parapneumonic, 1.0%; tuberculous, 0.7%; P=0.192). CONCLUSIONS: sTREM-1 expression in pleural fluids is highest in parapneumonic and neoplastic effusions but low in transudates. In infectious effusions, a high concentration of sTREM-1 may exclude tuberculous pleurisy.     

sFasL检测对结核性与恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断价值的探讨

目的探讨sFasL对恶性胸腔积液与结核性胸腔积液鉴别诊断价值。方法应用ELISA法分别检测32例恶性胸腔积液和43例结核性胸腔积液中sFasL的含量,对结果进行统计学处理。结果结核性胸腔积液组sFasL(13.56±5.38 ng/ml)显著高于恶性胸腔积液组(5.72±2.59 ng/ml),二者具显著性差异(P＜0.001)。以10 ng/ml为临界值,胸腔积液中sFasL>10 ng/ml诊断为结核性胸腔积液的敏感性为81.4%(35/43),特异性为81.3%(26/32),临床诊断符合率为81.4%(61/75)。结论sFasL对结核性、恶性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断有临床实用价值。     

Use of cytokeratin fragments 19.1 and 19.21 (Cyfra 21-1) in the differentiation of malignant and benign pleural effusions

Background : Differentiation between malignant and benign pleural effusions is often difficult. Serum level of Cyfra 21-1, a marker of cytokeratin 19 fragments, has been used in the diagnosis and monitoring of epithelial tumours, especially bronchogenic carcinomas.
Aim : This study is designed to establish the usefulness of effusion Cyfra 21-1 level in differentiating malignant from benign effusions.
Methods : Forty-eight malignant effusion aspirates (proven by cytology or pleural biopsy) and 34 benign samples were compared. Cyfra 21-1 concentration was measured by a solid phase sandwich radioimmunoassay (Centocur®, USA).
Results : Cyfra 21-1 level was significantly higher in malignant effusions (geometric mean 123.6 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] 76.6-199.4) than in benign ones (geometric mean 14.3 ng/mL, 95% CI 8.5-23.9), p <0.00005. By Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis, the sensitivity is 77% for a specificity of 79% if the cut-off is set at 32 ng/mL. No significant difference was observed ( p =0.1) in Cyfra 21-1 concentration between adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma effusions. Cyfra 21-1 level was not influenced by the effusion protein concentration (r=0.29), or by renal function as measured by serum creatinine (r=0.1). There was no significant difference between Cyfra 21-1 levels in benign exudate and transudate effusions, p =0.28.
Conclusions : Cyfra 21-1 is a useful adjunct in the workup of effusions but should not replace conventional investigations as there is considerable overlap in levels between benign and malignant groups. It is unable to differentiate between subgroups of malignancies.     

血清和胸液肿瘤坏死因子及受体检测对鉴别结核性和癌性 …

通过检测结核性及癌性胸液患者血清及胸液中肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦ－α）及可溶性受体（ｓＴＮＦＲ－Ⅰ、ｓＴＮＦＲ－Ⅱ）水平,探讨其对临别良恶性疾病的意义。方法采用双抗体夹心免疫酶标（ＥＬＩＳＡ）法检测２５例结核性胸液,２８例癌性胸液患者血清及胸液及３２例正常人血清中ＴＮＦ－α及ｓＴＮＦＲ－Ⅰ、ｓＴＮＦＲ－水平。     

HER-2蛋白检测对非小细胞肺癌所致恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的探讨胸腔积液HER-2蛋白检测对非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）所致恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值。方法分别应用酶联免疫吸附法和应用免疫组织化学方法（SP法）检测20例NSCLC所致恶性胸腔积液中HER-2蛋白水平和胸液沉渣细胞HER-2蛋白的表达，同期取20例良性胸腔积液作对照。结果NSCLC所致恶性胸腔积液患者胸液中HER-2水平（6．18±2．35）ng／ml显著高于结核性胸腔积液患者（3．06±1．18）．g／ml（P〈0．01），肺癌性胸液患者血清HER-2水平（3．89±1．98）ng／ml也显著高于结核组患者（2．31±O．65）ng／ml（P〈0．05）；20例NSCLC所致恶性胸液沉渣细胞HER-2蛋白阳性率（85．O％）与20例良性胸液细胞HER02蛋白检测率（O％）具有统计学差异（P＜O．01）。结论用酶联免疫吸附法和免疫组织化学方法（SP法）检测胸腔积液HER-2蛋白，对NSCLC所致恶性胸腔积液诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

Immunocytochemical characterization of malignant mesothelioma and carcinoma metastatic to the pleura: IOB3—A new tumor marker

We have tried to find a reliable panel of markers that would allow distinction between mesotheliomas and carcinomas metastatic to the pleura. In a prospective study, we evaluated 54 pleural effusions: In 27 of the patients, a diagnosis of histologically proven metastatic carcinoma was subsequently established, 7 patients had biopsy-proven malignant mesotheliomas and 20 had benign, reactive effusions whose benign etiologies were established by more than 2 years clinical follow-up. The MAb (monoclonal antibody) IOB3 proved to be diagnostic for carcinomas in all 27 cases (100%), whereas CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) expression was found in only 22 out of 27 (81%). None of the malignant mesotheliomas, nor benign reactive mesothelial cells reacted with these two markers. All carcinomas, as well as one malignant mesothelioma, reacted with the MAb HEA125. Antibodies against 12 single cytokeratins, vimentin, and EMA (epithelial membrane antigen) were not helpful in the differentiation between malignant mesotheliomas and malignant carcinomatous pleural effusions. We conclude that adding the antibody IOB3 to the CEA assay should allow a reliable differentiation between these two entities.     

胸液Cyfra21-1测定对结核性和癌性胸腔积液鉴别诊断的价值

目的为评价Ｃｙｆｒａ２１－１对癌性胸液的诊断价值。方法采用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法测定３０例结核性胸液和３０例癌性胸液患者胸液中的Ｃｙｆｒａ２１－１含量。结果Ｃｙｆｒａ２１－１临界值为≤１４．２３ｎｇ／ｍｌ。当特异性为９０％时,诊断癌性胸液的敏感性７３．３３％。结论胸液Ｃｙｆｒａ２１－１的检测对癌性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断有着重要的意义。     

心钠素测定在良恶性胸腔积液鉴别中的价值

目的探讨胸腔积液心钠素水平在良、恶性胸腔积液鉴别中的价值。方法采用放射免疫直接测定法,测定３０例结核性和２６例癌性胸腔积液患者胸腔积液及血清心钠素水平。结果结核性、癌性胸腔积液心钠素水平分别为（７５±９）ｎｇ／Ｌ、（１５７±４５）ｎｇ／Ｌ,两者有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）;结核性胸腔积液心钠素水平［（７５±９）ｎｇ／Ｌ］明显低于血清心钠素水平［（１７０±３７）ｎｇ／Ｌ］,差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜０００１）;结核性与癌性胸腔积液患者胸腔积液与血清心钠素水平之比值分别为０４７±０１７、０９９±０４６,两者差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜０００１）;其对恶性胸腔积液诊断的敏感性及特异性分别为８１％和１００％。结论测定胸腔积液心钠素水平是良、恶性胸腔积液鉴别的重要方法之一     

Clinical significance of serum CA125 in patients with tuberculous pleurisy

We measured CA125 levels of the sera and pleural effusions in both patients with tuberculous pleurisy (TB) and with benign non-tuberculous pleurisy (non-TB). In all the TB patients, serum CA125 levels were increased (78 to 370 U/ml, mean +/- SD = 167.3 +/- 96.8 U/ml, n = 8), and were significantly higher than those in non-TB patients (167.3 +/- 96.8 U/ml v.s. 36.9 +/- 18.4 U/ml, p less than 0.01). Neoplastic diseases or gynecological disorders were not found in these patients. On the other hand, either CA125 or LDH levels of pleural effusions were not significantly different between these two groups. Although adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels in pleural effusions were also significantly higher in the TB patients (p less than 0.05), there were no correlation between serum CA125 and ADA levels in pleural effusions. Serial measurement of serum CA125 levels in the TB patients revealed that serum CA125 levels were markedly decreased one to two months after anti-tuberculous therapy (172.6 +/- 103.3 U/ml to 23.3 +/- 9.9 U/ml, p less than 0.01). It is suggested that the measurement of serum CA125 in patients with tuberculous pleurisy is useful as an indicator of disease activity.     

Preliminary evaluation of soluble IL-2 receptor and type III procollagen N-terminal aminopeptide in pleural fluid for differentiating tuberculous,carcinomatous and parapneumonic pleural effusions

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to clarify the possibility of using pleural fluid levels of soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and type III procollagen N-terminal aminopeptide (PIIIP) for differentiating tuberculous, carcinomatous and parapneumonic pleural effusions. METHODOLOGY: Fifty patients with pleural effusions were investigated retrospectively. The pleural effusions were due to tuberculosis (n = 11), carcinoma (n = 22), pneumonia (n = 9) and heart failure (n = 8). The concentrations of sIL-2R and PIIIP were measured in pleural effusion using commercially available kits. RESULTS: Soluble IL-2 receptor concentrations were highest in the patients with tuberculosis (6,856 +/- 3,212 U/mL), followed by those with carcinoma (4,680 +/- 1,872 U/mL), pneumonia (2,227 +/- 525 U/mL) and heart failure (1,439 +/- 244 U/mL). Significant differences were found between tuberculosis and carcinoma (P = 0.023), carcinoma and pneumonia (P = 0.015), and pneumonia and heart failure (P = 0.002) groups. Type III procollagen N-terminal aminopeptide concentrations were higher in the patients with tuberculosis (262.5 +/- 157.9 U/mL) and pneumonia (257.0 +/- 96.7 U/mL) than in those with carcinoma (48.0 +/- 27.7 U/mL) and heart failure (10.9 +/- 5.6 U/mL). Significant differences were found between tuberculosis and carcinoma (P < 0.001) and pneumonia and carcinoma (P < 0.001). To differentiate effusions, the cutoff points of sIL-2R (2,980 U/mL) and PIIIP (110.0 U/mL) were obtained from the highest concentration in the pneumonia group and in the carcinoma group, respectively. Using these criteria, the sensitivities for differentiating tuberculous, carcinomatous, and parapneumonic effusions were 90.9, 86.4 and 88.9%, respectively, with 100, 95 and 100% specificity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The simultaneous determination of sIL-2R and PIIIP concentrations in pleural effusions may be clinically useful in differentiating tuberculous, carcinomatous, and parapneumonic effusions. Further assessments are required to determine the broad clinical application of this assay.     

细胞核仁组成区嗜银蛋白检测对良恶性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断 …

目的 探讨核仁组成嗜银蛋白检测在良性胸腔积液间皮细胞和恶性胸腔积液癌细胞临别诊断中的价值。方法 对５０例恶怀、３０例良性胸腔积液鹗２的胸腔积液细胞涂片行ＡｇＮＯｒ染色，观察良性胸腔积液间皮细胞和恶性胸积液癌细胞核内的ＡｇＮＯＲ数目和形态。另观察６例临床疑诊恶性胸腔积液而常规脱落细胞检查阴性者胸积液细胞核内的ＡｇＮＯＲ数目和形态。结果 恶性组癌细胞平均每核ＡｇＮＯＲ数显著高于良性组间皮细胞；恶性组癌     

多参数流式细胞术对恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的应用流式细胞仪检测胸腔积液中的DNA、RNA、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA),探讨多参数流式细胞术对恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值。方法2003年8月至2004年2月在我院呼吸内科住院治疗的胸腔积液患者47例,其中19例非肿瘤性胸腔积液患者作为对照组,28例经病理学检查确诊的恶性胸腔积液患者为试验组。采用碘化丙啶染色检测DNA,哌若宁染色检测RNA,PCNA-FITC法检测PCNA,阴性对照采用鼠-α-2a。用美国Becton Dickinson公司FacS Calibur流式细胞仪进行检测,计算单项检测和联合检测的敏感性和特异性。结果(1)非肿瘤性胸腔积液中DNA指数、RNA指数、PCNA流式细胞术检测结果分别为1.03±0.06、10.03±0.54及(4.86±0.72)%,而恶性胸腔积液为1.26±0.17、11.65±1.45及(11.97±1.50)%。诊断分界点分别为1.10%、10.75%、4.56%,此时的敏感性分别为89.3%、78.6%、75.0%,特异性为89.5%、98.5%、84.2%;(2)恶性胸腔积液中DNA指数正常而RNA指数异常者6例,表明流式细胞术同时检测患者RNA可以弥补DNA检测的不足;(3)5例患者胸腔积液中细胞学检查未发现肿瘤细胞,但其DNA指数和RNA指数均高于正常值,经多次胸膜活检或肺部肿块穿刺证实为恶性胸腔积液,表明流式细胞术对细胞学检查有补充作用;(4)DNA指数+RNA指数、DNA指数+PCNA的流式细胞术检测结果、RNA指数+PCNA的流式细胞术检测结果及三者联合诊断的敏感性分别为98.2%、89.3%、89.3%及92.9%,特异性为84.2%、89.5%、84.2%及94.2%。三者联合检测具有较低的漏诊率和误诊率,而对照组未发现三者同时高于诊断临界点的患者。结论流式细胞术检测胸腔积液DNA指数、RNA指数、PCNA的流式细胞术检测结果对于恶性胸腔积液的诊断具有一定的价值,特别是对于部分细胞学检测阴性的恶性胸腔积液的诊断可能具有重要的临床意义。DNA、RNA同时检测对于诊断DNA正常而RNA发生异常改变的恶性胸腔积液具有重要价值,可以弥补单项DNA检测的不足。三者联合检测对于恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值大于单项或两项联合检测,具有较低的漏诊率和误诊率。     

Soluble HLA class I molecules in malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions and its possible role on NK and LAK cytotoxicity

PURPOSE: To examine the amount of sHLA-I in malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions and its possible role in natural immune defense. METHODS: Three groups of patients (75 patients with malignancy, 21 with infection, and 27 with other diseases) were studied for sHLA-I value using an ELISA method. Cytolytic activity of freshly isolated pleural and peritoneal effusion-associated lymphoid (EAL) cells from 14 of cases with malignancy were examined and compared to that of ten non-cancerous patients. EAL cells were co-cultured with the autologous cell-free effusions immediately after collection and 3 days after incubation with IL-2. RESULTS: The mean value of sHLA-I in effusions was 1.01+/-1.36 micro g/ml, 0.97+/-1.20 micro g/ml, and 0.49+/-0.45 micro g/ml, respectively. Despite higher mean sHLA-I levels in malignant and infected patients, no significant difference between these groups was observed ( P >0.05). Generally, the amount of sHLA-I in peritoneal effusions was higher than that for pleural effusions, but the difference was not significant. There were also no statistical differences in the sHLA-I levels between sub-groups of patients with malignancy. EAL cells' killing activity in malignant and infected effusions was 68.15+/-11.73 and 78.28+/-14.41, respectively ( P=0.08). No correlation between sHLA-I level and NK activity of EAL cells from the patients was found. Almost all malignant cases after exposure to cell-free effusions displayed an increase in NK activity (from 68.66+/-11.13 to 74.2+/-12.39, P=0.042) and a decrease in LAK activity (74.5+/-18.30 vs 67.72+/-16.46, P=0.040). Whereas, the same experiment performed for non-malignant effusions showed a decrease in both NK activity and LAK activity. Changes in NK and LAK activity were not correlated with the amount of sHLA-I in the effusions. CONCLUSION: The presence of sHLA-I, particularly in malignant effusions, suggests a role for these molecules in tumor immunity in the peritoneal or plural environment; however, at least with these group of patients, sHLA-I appears not to be a unique determining factor on EAL cells' killing activity.     

分泌性磷蛋白1在肺癌所致恶性胸腔积液中的表达及其诊断价值

目的 探讨分泌性磷蛋白1(SPP1,别名osteopontin)在晚期肺癌所致恶性胸腔积液(MPE)中的表达及其作为辅助诊断的可能性.方法 选取96例肺癌患者MPE标本为病例组,遴选24例肺部良性疾病患者胸腔积液标本为对照组,使用ELISA法检测标本SPP1表达量.采用SPSS16.0软件统计,并用t检验分析病例组与对照组SPP1的表达水平,建立ROC曲线甄选cutoff界值.结果 在120例胸腔积液标本中,病例组SPP1含量(-x±s=1568.9±1297.15 ng/ml)较对照组(-x±s =644.12±480.50 n/ml)显著增高(t =4.766,P＜0.01),cutoff界值=1247.90 ng/ml(敏感度=38.54％,特异度=95.83％,曲线下面积0.662,95％,CI0.554～0.770).结论 SPP1在MPE中显著升高,胸腔积液中SPP1表达水平可用于MPE辅助诊断,但不适宜临床常规诊断.     

干扰素γ、白细胞介素12及腺苷脱氨酶同工酶对结核性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的　研究胸腔积液中干扰素γ(IFN γ)和白细胞介素 12 (IL 12 )的浓度及腺苷脱氨酶同工酶 (ADA2 )的活性三者在结核性胸腔积液诊断中的临床价值。方法　以 2 0 0 2年 3月～ 2 0 0 3年2月期间在北京大学人民医院、北京胸科医院、北京结核病胸部肿瘤研究所等医院的未经治疗的胸腔积液患者为研究对象 ,其中结核性胸腔积液 14 1例、恶性胸腔积液 4 9例。应用酶速率法检测胸腔积液标本中腺苷脱氨酶 (ADA)、ADA2 的活性 ,酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA)检测IFN γ和IL 12的浓度。比较两组胸腔积液中ADA和ADA2 活性 ,以及IFN γ和IL 12浓度之间的区别。结果　 (1)结核性胸腔积液组ADA、ADA2 活性分别为 (5 1 6± 10 9)U/L和 (4 7 9± 6 9)U/L ,恶性胸腔积液组ADA、ADA2 活性分别为 (2 0 4± 4 4 )U/L、(13 2± 3 2 )U/L ,结核性胸腔积液组的ADA、ADA2 活性显著高于恶性胸腔积液组 (P <0 0 1)。结核性胸腔积液组IFN γ和IL 12浓度分别为 (112 1± 4 5 8)ng/L及 (10 4 3± 32 3)ng/L ,恶性胸腔积液组IFN γ和IL 12浓度分别为 (2 4 8± 5 9)ng/L和 (6 1 8±10 8)ng/L ,结核性胸腔积液组的IFN γ和IL 12浓度水平显著高于恶性胸腔积液组 (P <0 0 1,0 0 5 ) ;(2 )ROC曲线分析结果 ,IFN γ以 6 1 7ng/L为诊     

Interleukin-8 is a major neutrophil chemotactic factor in pleural liquid of patients with empyema.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a potent neutrophil chemotactic peptide, has been found in association with human disease, but its contribution to chemotactic activity in humans is not yet known. We asked whether IL-8 is present in inflammatory human pleural effusions, and to what extent it contributes to pleural liquid neutrophil chemotactic activity. Because tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a strong inducer of IL-8, we also asked whether TNF-alpha was present. For this prospective study, we collected pleural liquid from 51 patients (empyema, 14; parapneumonic, four; tuberculous, eight; malignant, nine; miscellaneous exudative, seven; and transudative, nine), counted pleural neutrophils, and measured IL-8 and TNF-alpha concentrations in the supernatant. To determine the contribution of IL-8 to chemotactic activity in empyema, we measured the neutrophil migration induced by empyemic liquids before and after addition of anti-IL-8 F(ab')2 antibody fragments or control anti-IL-6 F(ab')2. We found that IL-8 concentrations were higher in empyema (61.3 +/- 21.0 ng/ml [SEM]) than in all other effusions (1.1 +/- 0.5 ng/ml) (p = 0.0001). All empyema liquids had IL-8 concentrations above 2.5 ng/ml, which was true for only three of the other 37 effusions (two parapneumonic, one tuberculous). IL-8 levels correlated with the pleural neutrophil count (r = 0.46; p = 0.007) and the neutrophil chemotactic activity of pleural liquid (r = 0.43; p = 0.008). Anti-IL-8 antibodies decreased chemotactic activity in empyema liquids by 65 +/- 5%, whereas the control antibody had no effect (0 +/- 5% decrease) (p = 0.0005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)