Validity of conventional surgical treatment methods for mandibular dentigerous cysts. Two case reports

Dentigerous cysts, which are the most commonly seen odontogenic cysts in the jaws, usually expand asymptomatically and extensively. They are surgically eliminated along with the accompanying impacted tooth, because of their destructive nature to the surrounding vital structures, tissues, bone and teeth. The surgical treatment for removing dentigerous cysts includes decompression, marsupialization, enucleation or curettage of the cyst through an extraoral or intraoral approach. Cysts causing tooth displacement and involving loss of bone are treated by marsupialization or decompression, followed by enucleation. In the cases presented here, both patients had enlarged dentigerous cysts in the left mandibular molar region, with an accompanying impacted tooth. Both cases were treated surgically by the enucleation technique alone, without any need for additional autogenous grafts or alloplastic materials to regain integrity of bone structure. They were rehabilitated with dental implants. The implant-retained fixed prostheses functioned well throughout the 24-month evaluation time; and the functional and psychological needs of the patients were provided successfully.     

开窗减压术合并改良间隙保持器治疗儿童大型含牙囊肿

目的:评价开窗减压术及改良间隙保持器对儿童大型含牙囊肿的治疗效果。方法:对11例大型含牙囊肿进行开窗减压术,囊液持续引流,;囊腔内碘仿纱条填塞,1周后佩改良间隙保持。随访6~24个月。结果:11例囊肿基本消失,新骨形成。1例患者需额外的正畸治疗。囊腔内的牙全部萌出或明显萌出趋势。所有患者囊肿未有复发。结论:开窗减压术合并改良间隙保持器是一种安全、可靠、效果确实的治疗儿童大型含牙囊肿的方法。不仅恢复患者的美观及功能,还能帮助儿童因失牙引起的心理问题。     

Amoxicillin concentrations in serum,jaw cyst,and jawbone following a single oral administration

Forty-four patients who underwent enucleation of jaw cysts were administered amoxicillin preoperatively. Specimens of venous blood (44), walls and fluids from periodontal (31) and dentigerous (13) cysts, and jawbone (26) were obtained during the operation and assayed for amoxicillin content. Measurable concentrations were found in all specimens. The levels were higher in periodontal cysts than in dentigerous cysts, and higher in maxillary bone than in mandibular bone. Since amoxicillin can easily and rapidly pass through the epithelial lining according to the change in concentration, the penetration by amoxicillin of blood/cyst wall/cyst fluid probably depends on simple diffusion.     

A conservative approach in the management of inflammatory dentigerous cyst in transitional dentition: a case report

Dentigerous cysts are benign odontogenic cysts that develop from the reduced enamel epithelium related to the crown of an unerupted and/or impacted tooth. Inflammatory dentigerous cyst is a variety of dentigerous cyst that is mostly found in the mixed dentition, and the treatment modalities range from enucleation to marsupialization. By extracting the infected primary teeth, opening the cyst, and ensuring continuous drainage, spontaneous eruption of the involved permanent teeth occurs into the dental arch even if they are severely dislocated. The purpose of this report is to describe the successful treatment of a large dentigerous cyst by conservative surgical management.     

Treatment of a large dentigerous cyst in a child

A dentigerous cyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst that develops when fluid accumulates between the reduced enamel epithelium and the tooth crown of an unerupted tooth. Treatment modalities range from marsupialization to enucleation and are based on the premise that the pathological process can be controlled locally with minimal injury to the adjacent host structures. The purpose of this case report was to describe the diagnosis of a large expansible dentigerous cyst in an 11-year-old boy. The chosen treatment was an initial decompression to reduce the size of the osseous defect, followed by enucleation and tooth extraction.     

Marsupialization: a conservative approach for treating dentigerous cyst in children in the mixed dentition

Dentigerous cysts are usually encountered in the practice of pediatric dentistry. The treatment modalities range from marsupialization to enucleation of the lesion and are based on the involvement of the lesion with the adjacent structures. However, loss of a permanent tooth in the management of a dentigerous cyst can be devastating to a child who has already a congenitally missing tooth. The first case describes the technique of marsupialization in which we extracted the grossly carious deciduous 1st molar and created a window through the extracted socket to decompress the lesion. In this case the 2nd premolars were congenitally missing on both sides of the mandible for which we had not gone for enucleation of the dentigerous cyst along with the developing 1st premolar. The second case is a developmental type of a big dentigerous cyst where marsupialization was followed by enucleation of the cystic lining but without removal of the affected tooth. Both the teeth erupted in the oral cavity.     

开窗减压术治疗上颌骨大型囊性病变的临床研究

目的：探讨开窗减压术在上颌骨大型囊性病变治疗中的临床应用效果。方法回顾2007年10月—2014年10月治疗的25例上颌骨大型囊性病变开窗减压术治疗病例,观察上颌窦形态、囊腔大小及周围骨质变化。结果25例患者中,8例患者开窗减压术后3个月上颌窦骨壁厚度增加,上颌窦形态完全恢复,囊肿消失,未行囊肿刮治术;17例患者术后9～12个月上颌窦形态完全恢复或基本恢复,二期行囊肿刮治术。术后随访1～5年,无复发。结论上颌骨大型囊性病变开窗减压术具有能恢复上颌窦的形态和功能、创伤小、并发症少等优点。     

Bilocular unicystic ameloblastoma of the mandible in a 9 yr old child – A diagnostic and management dilemma

Unicystic ameloblastoma is a less encountered variant of the ameloblastoma that usually presented as unicystic lesions of jaw occurring in 3rd and 4th decades of life. It shows a typical ameloblastomatous epithelium lining the cyst cavity, with or without variable tumor proliferations. The case presented here is of a 9?yr old boy who was referred to our center for the management of a large diffuse swelling on the right side of the face. Clinical and radiologic evaluation showed two interconnected cystic lesions in the right body and the symphyseal regions of the mandible associated with impacted canines bilaterally. The initial histopathology of both cystic spaces showed the lesion to be dentigerous cysts and the results were reconfirmed in two other centers. A complete surgical enucleation of this bilocular cyst was done sparing the impacted teeth. The histopathologic examination of the post-operative specimen showed features of Unicystic Ameloblastoma. The patient was followed up on a regular basis for more than 3?years. There is no signs of recurrence and his latest radiographic examinations shows good bone formation. The impacted teeth are erupting into position. This case reports the difficulty in clinical diagnosis and the peculiar bilocular presentation of unicystic ameloblastoma which was conservatively managed by surgical enucleation of the complete lesion, sparing the dentition.     

Autotransplantation of Teeth Associated with Dentigerous Cyst: A Case Report

This paper discusses the treatment of impacted permanent incisors and unerupted ectopic canine associated with a dentigerous cyst in mixed dentition that was successfully managed by the combined approach of decompression followed by enucleation, primary closure, autotransplantation and endodontic therapy which enabled the utilization of teeth which were hitherto nonfunctional, transferred to an optimal functional and esthetic position. Decompression is a less invasive technique which reduces the cystic pressure, avoids a more stressful surgical procedure and necessity for general anesthesia. It gives more pleasing results as the body’s own mechanism heals the defect gradually. Autotransplantation of teeth induces bone formation around the root with the help of viable periodontal ligament on their root surface. In this case, bone lost by cyst was regenerated and lamina dura was appreciable in the follow up radiographs and transplanted teeth are functioning well.     

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目的探讨开窗减压术治疗颌骨巨大囊性病变的临床应用价值。方法对2009年5月至2010年11月南方医科大学附属南海医院口腔科收治的8例颌骨囊性病变患者(包括1例根尖囊肿,1例含牙囊肿、5例角化囊肿、1例囊性成釉细胞瘤),经口内进行开窗减压,术后定期复诊,3个月复查曲面断层摄影,1年进行三维CT重建,测量术后囊腔缩小情况。结果 8例患者,最长的已观察18个月,最短的观察3个月,2例患者(包括1例根尖囊肿、1例成釉细胞瘤)囊腔完全消失,6例患者囊腔越来越缩小。结论开窗减压术是一种简便、经济、效果良好的治疗颌骨囊性病变的方法。     

Marsupialization of Dentigerous Cyst: Report of a Case

Dentigerous cyst is a common pathologic entity associated with an impacted tooth. The standard treatment for this lesion is enucleation and extraction of the involved tooth. Marsupialization of dentigerous cyst has also been advocated, once in many cases it can maintain the impacted tooth in its cavity and promotes its eruption. This report describes a case of a 13-year-old girl with a large dentigerous cyst associated with mandibular right second molar. The cyst was marsupialized and the patient was checked weekly. Two months after the surgical procedure the impacted tooth was completely erupted without orthodontic traction and therapy.     

Dentigerous cyst : a case report

Presented here is a case report of a 5 year old boy with a dentigerous cyst in the left maxillary canine region associated with cortical expansion and facial asymmetry. Dentigerous cysts are not common at such an early age and are also relatively less common in the maxilla. The management comprised of enucleation and follow up for 6 months.     

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牙源性囊肿是一组常见于颌骨内的良性病变,一般可根据临床体征和影像学发现作出初步诊断。颌骨牙源性囊肿的手术治疗方法应根据囊肿类型、患者年龄、病变大小及罹患部位等决定。青少年含牙囊肿,预期囊内含牙可自行萌出者,可采用袋形术。病变范围较小的颌骨牙源性囊肿,刮除术为最好的治疗方法。若根尖周囊肿的病源牙可保留,术前应完成根管治疗。术中辅以Carnoy液处理囊壁可减少角化囊肿术后复发。破坏范围大的颌骨牙源性囊肿可选择第一期袋形术,第二期刮除术,有利于减少邻近结构的损伤。颌骨切除术较少应用于治疗颌骨囊肿,主要适应证是病变破坏范围大,多次复发的牙源性角化囊肿。     

颌骨囊肿开窗治疗临床特征动态研究

目的: 观察下颌骨牙源性颌骨囊肿开窗减压后囊腔动态变化特征,探讨颌骨囊肿开窗减压治疗规律。方法: 收集2017年6月—2019年6月收治的下颌骨牙源性囊肿行开窗减压术的患者资料,采用回顾性分析,依据术前及术后拍摄的锥形束CT(CBCT),通过E3D建模软件三维重建,分析囊腔收缩方向、收缩速度及与年龄、时间的关系。采用SPSS 21.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 下颌骨囊腔多沿最大直径轴向收缩,开窗后囊腔收缩呈椭圆状,囊腔收缩速度从小到大依次为角化囊肿、根尖囊肿、含牙囊肿。收缩速度与时间和年龄呈负相关;开窗12个月后,囊腔收缩速度明显减缓。结论: 开窗减压术治疗下颌骨牙源性囊肿的效果与时间、年龄和病理类型相关,建议根据囊腔变化特点,适时予以相应处理。     

Dentigerous cysts of anterior maxilla in a young child: a case report

Dentigerous cysts are the most common bony lesions of the jaws in children. It is one of the most prevalent types of odontogenic cysts associated with an erupted or developing tooth, particularly the mandibular third molars; the other teeth that are commonly affected are, in order of frequency, the maxillary canines, the maxillary third molars and, rarely, the central incisor. Radiographically, the cyst appears as ovoid well-demarcated unilocular radiolucency with a sclerotic border. The present case report describes the surgical enucleation of a dentigerous cyst involving the permanent maxillary right central incisor; the surgery was followed by oral rehabilitation. Careful evaluation of the history and the clinical and radiographical findings help clinicians to correctly diagnose the condition, identify the etiological factors, and administer the appropriate treatment.     

Inflammatory dentigerous cyst in a 3 year old South African black male: A case report.

We present here a case of a dentigerous cyst in the anterior maxilla of a 3 year old male. There was associated cortical expansion and facial asymmetry. These cysts are rare at this age and in addition are less common in the maxilla. Management consisted of enucleation under general anaesthetic including removal of the unerupted 11. This report attempts to highlight the importance of prompt diagnosis and referral of children with dentigerous cysts.     

Ki-67 expression in dentigerous cysts, unicystic ameloblastomas, and ameloblastomas arising from dental cysts

This study investigated whether or not an ameloblastoma developing in the wall of a dentigerous cyst is a distinct lesion from the unicystic ameloblastoma. An immunohistochemical evaluation of Ki-67 in dentigerous cysts, unicystic ameloblastomas, and ameloblastomas arising in dentigerous cysts was done. The values of Ki-67 positivity were 3.14 for the dentigerous cyst, between 5.32 and 16.56 for unicystic ameloblastoma, and 11.77 for ameloblastoma arising in a dentigerous cyst. Statistically significant differences were found between the dentigerous cyst and the unicystic ameloblastoma and between the dentigerous cyst and the ameloblastoma arising from a dentigerous cyst. No statistically significant difference was present between unicystic ameloblastoma and ameloblastoma arising from dentigerous cyst. These immunohistochemical data confirm the hypothesis that an ameloblastoma arising from a dentigerous cyst has a similar biological behavior to the unicystic ameloblastoma and should be considered as merely a histologic variant.     

Irrigational therapy of a dentigerous cyst in a geriatric patient: a case report

Dentigerous cysts are recognized as one of the most common lesions of the jaws. Although surgical enucleation is usually the preferred treatment method, it is not always the best choice for elderly patients who have other medical complications. With cyst irrigational therapy, repeated irrigation allows bone regeneration around the cyst to progress more rapidly than that around a cyst treated operatively with marsupialization. We used irrigational therapy to treat a dentigerous cyst in a 72-year-old man who did not agree to surgery because he had no symptoms associated with the cyst, and he had other medical complications. After one year, remarkable bone regeneration was observed. We conclude that irrigational therapy appears to be an effective, less-invasive alternative to surgery for geriatric patients.     

Management of extensive dentigerous cysts

Dentigerous cysts are usually easy to treat when small. However, extensive cysts are more difficult to manage requiring cyst enucleation and extraction of associated teeth. We advocate the use of assessment criteria to dictate the treatment modality indicated in each individual case such as cyst size and site, patient age, the dentition involved, and the involvement of vital structures. Cyst enucleation without extraction of the impaction, and decompression are two treatment modalities indicated in growing children and adolescents to salvage the involved dentition.     

Regeneration of a Compromized Masticatory Unit in a Large Mandibular Defect Caused by a Huge Solitary Bone Cyst: A Case Report and Review of the Regenerative Literature

The reconstructive options for large expansive cystic lesion affecting the jaws are many. The first stage of treatment may involve enucleation or marsupialization of the cyst. Attempted reconstruction of large osseous defects arising from the destruction of local tissue can present formidable challenges. The literature reports the use of bone grafts, free tissue transfer, bone morphogenic protein and reconstruction plates to assist in the healing and rehabilitation process. The management of huge mandibular cysts needs to take into account the preservation of existing intact structures, removal of the pathology and the reconstructive objectives which focus both on aesthetic and functional rehabilitation. The planning and execution of such treatment requires not only the compliance of the patient and family but also their assent as customers with a voice in determining their surgical destiny. The authors would like to report a unique case of a huge solitary bone cyst that had reduced the ramus, angle and part of the body of one side of the mandible to a pencil-thin-like strut of bone. A combination of decompression through marsupialization, serial packing, and the fabrication of a custom made obturator facilitated the regeneration of the myo-osseous components of the masticatory unit of this patient. Serial CT scans showed evidence of concurrent periosteal and endosteal bone formation and, quite elegantly, the regeneration of the first branchial arch components of the right myo-osseous masticatory complex. The microenvironmental factors that may have favored regeneration of these complex structures are discussed.