综合性医院医学心理科会诊的回顾性分析

目的：探讨综合性医院医学心理科会诊情况。方法：2004年9月至2009年9月期间医学心理科会诊534例,分析其申请科室、申请理由以及精神障碍的诊断和处理。结果：综合性医院医学心理科会诊中最常见的精神科诊断是脑器质性精神障碍、躯体疾病所致精神障碍、神经症和心境障碍。结论：应在综合医院积极开展会诊-联络精神病学服务颇为重要。     

综合医院精神科急会诊与普通会诊的比较

目的探讨综合医院精神科急会诊与普通会诊的特征差异。方法2007年度申请精神科会诊的病例279例,分析申请科室、原发病、申请理由、精神科诊断处理,比较急会诊与普通会诊的差异。结果综合医院精神病学急会诊主要为脑器质性精神障碍及躯体疾病所致精神障碍(75%~85%),普通会诊以抑郁障碍、焦虑障碍及神经症为主。结论应在综合医院积极开展会诊-联络精神病学服务,急会诊与普通会诊的诊断差异有助于精神科会诊临床实践。     

综合医院内精神科会诊的回顾性分析

目的探讨联络精神病学在综合医院中的作用。方法回顾性分析３年内综合医院精神科向非精神科３１０例患者提供的４１１次会诊。结果总会诊率０．６％，其中５９．０３％的患者来自内科；会诊后的诊断主要为器质性疾病所致精神障碍（３６．５％）、神经症（３２．９％）、精神分裂症和情感性精神障碍（共１０６％）；会诊医嘱执行率达９８．１％；精神科问题经会诊处理后的总有效率达８９．２％。结论综合医院内精神科会诊可及时发现和治疗精神障碍，并拓展精神病学业务     

会诊联络精神病学在综合医院的现状分析

目的对综合医院精神病学会诊现状进行分析研究。方法2007年度申请精神科会诊的病例279例,分析其申请科室、原发病、申请理由及精神科诊断处理。结果综合医院精神病学会诊中最常见的精神科诊断是脑器质性精神障碍、躯体疾病伴发精神障碍、焦虑障碍和抑郁障碍。结论应在综合医院积极开展会诊联络精神病学服务及对综合科医生加强精神病学知识教育。     

综合医院住院病人精神科会诊分析

目的了解综合医院精神科会诊的临床特点。方法将中南大学湘雅第二医院2001年4月至10月间申请精神科会诊的129例住院病人年龄、科室分布、会诊后诊断及治疗情况进行分析。结果总会诊率为1．67％，40岁以上年龄组申请会诊率较高，总会诊人数以内科最多(69例)，而会诊率以中医科最高(3．68％)，器质性精神障碍为会诊的主要精神科疾病，会诊后疗效(好转 痊愈)达89．9％。结论综合医院精神科医师协助处理临床各科疾病所伴／致精神障碍是十分必要的，且这种会诊作用正在不断加强。     

内科住院病人精神科会诊213例分析

目的：探讨综合医院内科住院病人精神科会诊的现状。方法：对我院近3年来213例内科住院病人申请科学会诊的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：近3年来内科申请精神科会诊的 病例数逐年上升。申请会诊的科室,以神经内科最多,其次为心血管内科、呼吸内科、内分泌科和消化内科,会诊后精神科疾病以器质性精神障碍居多（46．4％）,其次为神经症（32．4％）及精神分裂症（7．0％）。申请会诊的病人中40例（18．8％）转入精神科治疗。结论：内科住院病人常伴发精神障碍,并有逐年增加的趋势,对普通内科医师加强精神科专业知识的培训,将有利于患有各类精神障碍的病人得到及时妥善的治疗。     

综合性医院住院病人的会诊精神病学

目的:探讨在综合医院设置精神科开放式病房后精神病学会诊的现状,方法:对我院近20年290例申请会诊的住院病人的科,地诊前后的论断对照,误诊情况及转科治疗情况进行分析.结果:总会诊率为1.38%,申请会诊的科室以内科最多138例(47.6%),会诊的精神科疾病中多见的是神经症84例(29.0%),躯体疾病致精神障碍60例20.7),器质性精神障碍50例(17.2%),精神分裂症37例(12.8%),误诊病例85例(29.3%),转科治疗64例(22.1%),结论:精神科会诊在综合医院呈增加趋势.综合设置精神科开放式病房既有利于精神科的发展,也有利于各类有精神障碍的患者得到及时妥善的治疗.     

综合医院精神科会诊5年变迁

目的：了解大型综合医院精神医学联合会诊的变化趋势。方法：将本院1994年和1999年邀请精神科会诊的科室分布、病种、诊断、转科及用药情况进行对比分析。结果：会诊科室中内、外科会诊比例显著上升,妇产科、神经内科会诊比例显著下降。诊断以器质性精神障碍、抑郁性神经症显著上升,情感性精神障碍,心因性精神障碍比例有一定程度上升,精神分裂症比例有较大幅度下降。会诊后转入精神科的比例显著下降,使用精神药物的比例显著上升。结论：综合医院的精神医学问题需要精神科医生的协助处理。应加强联络－会请精神病学的工作,精神医学服务特别是对轻性精神障碍的诊疗应主动延伸至综合科室。     

综合性医院联络精神会诊291例分析

目的对综合性医院精神联络会诊进行分析研究．方法对一所综合性医院291例住院病人精神联络会诊资料进行回顾分析，以了解联络精神会诊于综合性医院的应用情况。结果邀请会诊的科室以内科最多(43．3％），会诊形式以普通会诊为主(69.4％)．躯体疾病伴发精神障碍要求协助诊治是会诊的主要原因(44．3％)。非精神科医生对精神疾病普遍认识不够，对精神障碍的实际诊断率和诊断符合率偏低，分别为51．9％和35，6％，能于会诊前使用精神药物仅22.7％。结论在综合性医院应大力开展联络精神会诊，这有利于提高精神科与非精神科医生业务水平，全方位提高医院诊治病人的能力。     

综合医院精神医学心理咨询676例临床分析

目的 了解综合医院精神科、心理咨询患的临床特点。方法 用《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准-3》(CCMD-3)，将上海邮电医院2001年1月～2004年1月间精神科及心理咨询门诊、会诊676例患的年龄、疾病分布及治疗情况进行分析。结果 神经症发病率最高268例，占39．64％，器质性精神障碍151例，占22．33％。女性发病高于男性，60岁以上老年人占多数303例占多数44．82％，治疗有疗效77．1％。结论 综合医院开展精神科、心理咨询门诊是十分必要的，需要大力加强精神卫生服务能力。     

Geropsychiatric consultation in a general hospital in Taiwan

The aim of this study was to characterize clinically significant issues in a psychiatric consultation service for geriatric inpatients in a general hospital in Taiwan. This was a case-control study. During a 5-month period, 100 geriatric (age > or =65 years) inpatients consecutively referred for consultation-liaison psychiatric service from non-psychiatric departments formed the study group. Another 100 medical inpatients, also referred for consultation-liaison to the psychiatric service, but aged 17-50, formed the control (non-geriatric) group. The diagnosis, demography, reason for referral, symptomatology, and other clinical characteristics were determined by consensus between two psychiatrists. Psychiatric diagnosis was made according to criteria in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The geropsychiatric consultation rate was 0.9%. Geriatric patients constituted 20.1% of all psychiatric referrals. Common reasons for referral of geriatric inpatients were confusion (32%), depression (17%), disturbing behaviors (14%), and psychosis (14%). The most common psychiatric disorder among geriatric patients was an organic mental disorder (79%), followed by a depressive disorder (13%). More geriatric patients suffered from cancers and cerebrovascular diseases than non-geriatric patients. The geriatric group was more likely to have multiple physical illnesses. Organic mental disorder and depressive disorders are the most common psychiatric diagnoses in the geropsychiatric consultation service of the authors. In the authors' experience, both psychotropic medication treatment and psychosocial intervention are important in geropsychiatric consultation.     

The benefits of a psychiatric consultation--liaison service in a general hospital

In this period of increased governmental regulation and decreased reimbursement for psychiatric services by third-party carriers, a fully staffed and financially stable psychiatric consultation-liaison service in the general hospital may still generate significant benefits for patients, hospital administrators, and psychiatrists: an increased rate of diagnosis of psychiatric and medical disorders, a reduction in the length of stay of medical or surgical patients, a decreased utilization of medical services and the development of innovative consultation-liaison activities. This article summarizes these benefits and outlines training obstacles that must be overcome to increase cooperation between psychiatry and medicine so that these benefits may be realized.     

Psychiatric consultation to a general hospital medical evaluation service

Psychiatric consultation to a general hospital medical evaluation service was reviewed and compared with consultation patterns for general hospital inpatients and psychiatric emergency service patients. Results of a questionnaire survey indicated nearly 1 in 5 patients admitted to this acute medical service (24-hour maximum stay) required psychiatric consultation. A study of those patients seen by psychiatric consultants is reported. The prevalence of depressive illness as well as the psychiatric hospitalization referral rate was substantially greater than in general hospital inpatient or psychiatric emergency service evaluations. The implications of this relatively new area of consultation-liaison for hospital staffing and medical education are discussed.     

Introduction: research at the interface of medicine and psychiatry

Linkages between psychiatry and other medical specialties have become increasingly evident over the past decade. Reinstatement of the medical internship for psychiatric trainees, expansion of psychiatric liaison services, growth of general hospital psychiatric units, determination of the extensive role served by nonpsychiatric physicians in providing mental health care, and research evidence of the economic benefits of incorporating mental health services in general health settings all have served to break down artificial boundaries between mental health and general health concerns. The psychiatric consultation-liaison service initiated in 1981 by the NIMH at the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda has afforded opportunity for numerous collaborative research projects with clinical investigators of various categorical disease programs. In addition to offering new etiological insights into psychiatric and general medical illnesses, the work described in this symposium promises to move clinical practice closer toward the Engel model of biopsychosocial medicine.     

Liaison psychiatry in an Irish hospital: a survey of a year's experience

A brief summary of the pattern of mental illness in Ireland is given and the work of a psychiatric consultation-liaison service in a general hospital in the southern part of the country is discussed in this context. The referral rates to the service mirror the referral rates in the United Kingdom more than those in the United States. The high rates of alcoholism and functional psychosis found in referred patients probably reflect the increased prevalence of these conditions in the general community. In Ireland, as elsewhere, the rate of referral of general hospital inpatients to a psychiatric consultation-liaison service is below the rate of psychiatric illness found in hospital inpatients.     

Consultation-Liaison psychiatric service delivery: results from a European study.

The reported findings of the European Consultation-Liaison Workgroup (ECLW) Collaborative Study describe consultation-liaison service delivery by 56 services from 11 European countries aggregated on a C-L service level. During the period of 1 year (1991), the participants applied a standardized, reliability tested method of patient data collection, and data were collected describing pertinent characteristics of the hospital, the C-L service, and the participating consultants. The consultation rate of 1% (median; 1.4% mean) underscores the discrepancy between epidemiology and the services delivered. The core function of C-L services in general hospitals is a quick, comprehensive emergency psychiatric function. Reasons to see patients were the following. deliberate self-harm (17%), substance abuse (7.2%), current psychiatric symptoms (38.6%), and unexplained physical complaints (18.6%) (all means). A significant number of patients are old and seriously ill. Mood disorders and organic mental disorders are most predominant (17.7%). Somatoform and dissociative disorders together constitute 7.5%. C-L services in European countries are mainly emergency psychiatric services and perform an important bridge function between primary, general health, and mental health care.