成人肠扭转MSCT的诊断价值

目的 探讨成人肠扭转多层螺旋CT(MSCT)征象.方法 回顾性分析72例经手术病理确诊为成人肠扭转患者的16层MSCT腹部检查影像资料.结果 有血管的漩涡征70例、肠管的漩涡征58例、靶环征35例、鸟喙征37例.结论 MSCT检查对成人肠扭转的诊断、治疗具有重要指导作用,肠系膜血管的“漩涡征”是诊断肠扭转的特异性征象.     

肠扭转的CT表现

目的 提高螺旋CT诊断肠扭转的正确率。方法 对9例术前CT明确诊断为肠扭转，并经手术证实病例的CT资料进行分析。主要重组方法有多平面重组法（MPR）及滑动薄层块最大强度投影法（STS-MIP）。结果 9例肠扭转诊断均正确，主要征象有肠管的“漩涡征”（6例）和血管的“漩涡征”（9例）、“靶环征”（2例）、“鸟喙征”（6例）。结论 肠系膜血管的“漩涡征”是诊断肠扭转的特异性征象，“靶环征”及肠壁强化减弱、腹水是提示绞窄性梗阻的可靠征象。螺旋CT扫描及重绢对肠扭转的诊断具有莺要价值。     

急性肠缺血的CT征象分析

目的:分析急性肠缺血的CT征象,提高CT对急性肠缺血诊断的准确性.材料和方法:2004～2005年间经急诊CT平扫及增强扫描,53例被诊断为急性肠缺血,分析其CT征象并与临床治疗和手术结果相对照.结果:CT平扫及增强图像显示:①肠腔扩张及积液53例次.②肠壁增厚伴密度改变39例次,其中平扫时肠壁内见散在点状高密度影7例次,肠壁密度降低22例次.增强扫描肠壁黏膜层异常强化15例次.③肠系膜血管走行异常并血管增粗(漩涡征)10例.④肠系膜脂肪水肿及渗出(缆绳征)26例.⑤肠系膜动脉钙化斑26例;其中有5例可见肠系膜动脉内等密度无强化的血栓影;另3例经手术证实肠系膜上动脉近肠小血管襻内血栓形成,但CT未能显示.⑥肠系膜静脉血栓形成4例.全部53例病人中,39例内科保守治疗后好转,14例症状未缓解者,经外科手术治疗,证实10例为肠系膜动脉血栓形成(其中3例CT未显示血栓),4例为门静脉血栓形成.结论:肠腔扩张和积液、肠壁增厚、肠系膜血管缆绳征及腹水是急性肠缺血的CT间接征象.CT平扫结合MDCT增强和CTA图像显示肠壁内密度改变、肠系膜血管内血栓形成或血管硬化导致管腔狭窄、漩涡征,即可确诊.     

CT诊断乙状结肠扭转1例

患者男,77岁。以突发腹痛、腹胀伴恶心呕吐,停止排便排气6天入院。查体:老年男性,痛苦面容,腹部膨隆,全腹紧张、压痛,无反跳痛,叩诊鼓音,听诊肠鸣音亢进,闻及金属音调。CT检查:全腹可见扩张胀气的粗大肠袢、乙状结肠近端肠袢明显扩张扭曲,近似倒置的“U”形(图1);乙状结肠近段肠管呈“鸟嘴状”狭窄,近端肠管扩张胀气,并见多个气液平面,附近肠系膜血管向梗阻点集中扭曲,形成“漩涡征”(图2),乙状结肠远端肠管塌陷变细扭曲,呈“C”形(图3)。CT诊断:低位性肠梗阻,考虑乙状结肠扭转所致。手术后诊断:乙状结肠扭转并机械性肠梗阻。讨论:乙状结…     

腹内疝伴肠扭转的螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨螺旋CT对腹内疝及伴发肠扭转的诊断价值.方法:对10例手术证实的腹内疝病例的CT资料进行回顾性分析,CT检查采用平扫及双期增强,并进行VR、MPR及M1P等后处理.结果:10例腹内疝中,8例有腹部手术史,10例均表现为肠梗阻,8例显示疝口,并有肠聚集、移位、肠系膜血管走形异常.伴发肠扭转7例,显示肠管和血管的“漩涡征”,5例见“鸟喙征”,3例见“同心圆征”,4例出现肠绞窄,表现为肠管强化减弱、肠壁水肿、腹水.结论:螺旋CT增强扫描和多种方法重组对腹内疝伴发肠扭转具有重要的诊断价值,及时诊断对患者的预后具有重要的作用.     

小肠扭转的螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨螺旋CT对小肠扭转的诊断价值.方法:对8例经手术证实小肠扭转患者的病例资料进行回顾性分析.1例患者行CT平扫,7例行CT平扫和双期增强扫描,并进行图像后处理,包括容积再现(VR)、多平面重组(MPR)和最大密度投影(MIP).结果:8例中7例有肠管和血管的漩涡征,5例有鸟喙征,2例见同心圆征,4例显示肠管壁强化减弱、肠壁水肿和腹水.结论:肠管和血管的漩涡征是诊断小肠扭转的特征性征象,同心圆征、肠管强化减弱、肠壁水肿和腹水的出现,则高度提示绞窄性肠梗阻;螺旋CT增强扫描和图像重组可对小肠扭转做出准确的定位和定性诊断.     

肠旋转不良伴中肠扭转的CT诊断

目的 评价CT对肠旋转不良伴中肠扭转(volvulus in intestinal malrotation, VIM)的诊断价值.方法 对12例术前CT明确诊断并经手术证实的VIM患者的临床CT资料进行回顾性分析.结果肠系膜根部"漩涡征"12例,"鸟喙征"9例,"靶环征"3例,3例合并肠管淤张积液、肠系膜水肿及腹水.结论 VIM具有特异性CT征象,CT检查对诊断VIM具有重要价值.     

婴儿肠旋转不良合并中肠扭转X线诊断(附16例报告)

目的: 评价腹部平片对婴儿肠旋转不良合并中肠扭转的诊断价值。材料与方法: 经手术证实的婴儿肠旋转不良合并中肠扭转共16 例,结合手术病理回顾性分析其腹部平片表现。结果: (1) 十二指肠完全性梗阻16 例,呈双球征13 例,三球征3 例。(2) 管状充气、狭细短跨度伴肠壁增厚肠段15 例。局限于右中上腹9 例,中上腹5 例,左上腹1 例。(3) 广泛充气扩张管形壁厚肠段,腔内有浅液面,类似小肠低位梗阻1 例。结论: 腹部平片简便易行,能迅速提供肠道气体的异常信息。通过腹部平片反映本病的两个特殊病理,包括十二指肠机械梗阻和中肠扭转的动力性损害。结合空肠袢异位征象,即肠袢局限偏侧分布特征,能对本病作出早期诊断,及时手术避免肠坏死的致命后果     

螺旋CT对肠扭转的诊断价值

目的：探讨螺旋CT对肠扭转的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析11例术前CT明确诊断并经手术证实为肠扭转的临床及影像资料。结果：11例肠扭转CT均正确诊断,其中6例为360°肠扭转,4例为270°肠扭转,1例为180°肠扭转。除全部11例都有通常的肠梗阻征象外,主要征象还有“漩涡征”（9／11）、“靶环征”（4／11）及“鸟喙征”（10／11）,肠系膜血管也可以形成“漩涡征”（11／11）。结论：螺旋CT对肠扭转具有重要的临床价值,尤其是肠系膜血管的“漩涡征”。     

64层螺旋CT血管成像在小肠扭转中的诊断价值

目的 总结小肠扭转(SBV)的CT和CT血管成像(CTA)表现,探讨CTA对其诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析8例经手术证实的SBV的CT与CTA表现.所有患者均行CT平扫+双期增强扫描(动脉期和门静脉期),并进行CT血管重组.阅片医师依靠CTA来判断SBV的部位、扭转的方向和度数,并与手术结果对照.结果 8例SBV的CT征象包括肠系膜血管"漩涡征"6例,肠管"漩涡征"5例,肠管"靶环征"和"鸟喙征"各3例,肠管壁强化减弱、肠壁水肿4例,腹腔积液1例.ETA表现:5例肠系膜上动脉(SMA)主干位置、形态正常,1例SMA主干近端扭转,1例SMA分支扭转,1例出现SMA与肠系膜上静脉(SMV)相互缠绕,4例见SMV主干的轴向扭转并扩张,3例表现为SMV的分支的扭转及走行异常,4例显示走行异常的SMV属支增粗.依靠CTA,8例均能正确判断SBV的位置、扭转的方向.5例正确判断SBV度数,3例CTA计算的度数较手术发现的小.结论 CTA对SBV的诊断有重要的价值,能准确判断SBV的方向和部位,但对扭转度数的判断有一定的限度.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.