热牙胶垂直加压与冷牙胶侧压法充填根管的致密度研究

目的:评价System B&ObturaⅡ高温热牙胶垂直加压充填和冷牙胶侧压充填根管的致密度。方法:收集新鲜拔除的完整单根管上、下颌前磨牙30个,随机分为两组(n=15),分别用热牙胶垂直加压法及冷牙胶侧压法进行根管充填后,硬组织纵剖面切片,光镜观察根尖、根中、根上1/3处根管充填的致密度,计算牙胶充填面积百分比,评价两种根充方法的根充致密度。结果:根尖1/3根充面积(%)热垂压(95.6±1.7)显著高于冷侧压(84.4±2.5)(P<0.05);根中1/3根充面积冷侧压(93.6±3.1)显著高于热垂压(90.2±1.4)(P<0.05);根上1/3处根充面积冷侧压(97.4±3.4)与热垂压(98.3±2.3)无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:热牙胶垂直加压法较冷牙胶侧压充填法可获得更好的根尖充填致密度。     

不同根管充填技术对椭圆形根管充填效果的比较

目的:通过比较3种不同方法充填椭圆形根管后的牙胶充填面积百分数来评价各种充填法的效果。方法:选取人离体单根管前磨牙30个,手用ProTaper预备后随机分为3组,分别用冷牙胶侧方加压法、热塑牙胶注射加压法(ObturaⅢ)和连续波充填法(System B+ObturaⅢ)进行充填,然后分别在距根尖2、5、8 mm处横断,各个横断面在手术显微镜下拍照,再用图像分析软件记录横断面的根管面积和牙胶充填面积,从而计算出牙胶充填面积百分数。结果:在2 mm处,3种充填法的牙胶充填面积百分数无显著性差异(P>0.05);在5 mm处,ObturaⅢ组和SystemB+ObturaⅢ组无显著性差异(P>0.05),但都显著大于冷牙胶侧压组(P<0.05),8 mm与5 mm处结果相同。结论:在5,8 mm水平,ObturaⅢ和SystemB+ObturaⅢ充填法的效果好于冷牙胶侧压法,而在2 mm水平,3种充填法的的效果无明显差别。     

连续波热牙胶在后牙弯曲根管治疗中的作用

目的：评价连续波热牙胶根管充填技术（continuous wave of condensation technique,CW）充填后牙弯曲根管的效果。方法：选取2008年6月～2010年1月确诊为牙髓根尖周病的后牙弯曲根管60例,随机分为三组（每组各20例）,实验组分别采用连续波热牙胶、ObturaⅡ、冷牙胶侧压三种方法充填根管,记录单个根管的根管充填时间,根充后即刻拍X线牙片评价根充效果,术后半年定期复查评价疗效。比较三种充填方法的根充时间、充填效果以及疗效。结果：连续波热牙胶组根管充填时间少于ObturaⅡ与冷牙胶侧压组,充填效果优于冷牙胶侧压组,疗效优于ObturaⅡ组与冷牙胶侧压组。结论：连续波热牙胶根管充填适用于后牙弯曲根管,操作快速有效,是一种值得在临床推荐使用的根管充填方法。     

热牙胶连续波技术充填前磨牙的效果评价

目的比较热牙胶连续波技术与冷牙胶侧方加压技术充填前磨牙的临床效果。方法选取急慢性牙髓炎及根尖周炎的前磨牙120颗,随机分为2组,每组60颗患牙,热牙胶组采用SuperEndoα2/β(BL)热牙胶根管充填系统行热牙胶连续波充填,冷侧压组行冷牙胶侧方加压充填。评价根充恰填率、侧副根管充填情况及术后疼痛发生情况。结果热牙胶组恰填率为93.3%(56/60),冷侧压组恰填率为80.0%(48/60),热牙胶组恰填率高于冷侧压组,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.615,P=0.032)。热牙胶组侧副根管的充填率13.3%(8/60),冷侧压组1.7%(1/60),热牙胶组高于冷侧压组,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=5.886,P=0.015)。术后1周复诊,热牙胶组与冷侧压组疼痛率分别为23.3%(14/60)、20.0%(12/60),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论热牙胶连续波技术充填前磨牙根管效果优于冷牙胶侧方加压充填术。     

两种热牙胶垂直加压法进行根管充填的临床疗效观察

目的：观察运用两种热牙胶垂直加压方法进行根管充填的临床治疗效果。方法：2015年2月~2016年2月收治的80例慢性牙髓炎、根尖周炎进行根管治疗的患牙,按照热牙胶充填方法随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组40例。治疗组进行热牙胶联合冷牙胶侧方垂直加压法充填根管,对照组单纯应用热牙胶垂直加热方法。对比两组治疗方法的临床疗效、根管填充效果。结果：治疗组患牙临床疗效总有效率95%明显高于对照组的82.5%;根管填充效果：治疗组患牙的恰填率为92.5%高于对照组的70.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：应用热牙胶垂直加压联合冷牙胶侧方加压法充填根管的临床效果较好。     

Obtura Ⅱ热塑牙胶改良充填法的实验研究

目的探讨将常温流动牙胶充填术融入高温注射式热牙胶充填技术的可行性。方法 70颗单根管离体牙根管预备后随机分组,分别采用ObturaⅡ充填(A组)、Touch-heat+ObturaⅡ充填(B组)、GuttaFlow+ObturaⅡ充填(C组)、冷牙胶侧压充填(D组)、不做充填(E组),根充完成后修整所用充填根管内牙胶长度为10 mm,建立葡萄糖微渗漏模型,通过对葡萄糖定量分析检测根管充填后根尖部微渗漏,观察比较根尖封闭效果。结果各组葡萄糖微渗漏随观察时间延长持续增加,3组实验组微渗漏差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 GuttaFlow+ObturaⅡ充填法封闭效果可靠且操作易行,有一定的可行性。     

连续波热牙胶垂直充填术根尖微渗漏的研究

目的 评价连续波热牙胶垂直充填术在根充后3、7、30d的根尖微渗漏情况,并与根管冷侧压充填做比较.方法 将87颗单根人离体牙,常规根管预备,随机分为2组,S组43颗牙采用连续波热牙胶垂直根管充填术;L组44颗牙选用冷侧压根管充填术.2组根管充填后进行染色,分别在3、7、30d纵向劈开牙后,测量染色线长度并进行统计学分析.结果 S3d组,L3d组,S7d组,L7d组的染色线长度分别为2.13±2.13mm,3.50±2.05mm,5.36±3.58mm,3.58±2.95mm,统计学无显著性差异(P＞0.05).S30d组和L30d组的染色线长度分别为4.73±3.90mm,7.33±5.05mm,S30d比L30d短,但统计学没有差异(P＞0.05).结论 连续波热牙胶垂直充填术在根尖微渗漏方面,短期内与冷牙胶侧压充填术无明显差异.长期(1个月以上)优于冷牙胶侧压充填术,但统计学无差异.     

热牙胶充填与冷牙胶侧方加压在C型根管充填中的效果研究

目的比较热牙胶连续波充填技术与冷牙胶侧方加压技术在C型根管充填中的临床效果。方法选取需要进行根管治疗的下颌第二磨牙(C型根管系统)140颗,随机分为2组,每组70颗患牙,热牙胶组采用Super Endo热牙胶根管充填系统进行热牙胶连续波充填,冷侧压组采用冷牙胶侧方加压充填。比较根充恰填率、根管充填时间、侧副根管充填情况。结果热牙胶组恰填率为91.4%(64/70),冷侧压组恰填率为78.5%(55/70)。热牙胶组恰填率高于冷侧压组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。热牙胶组根管充填时间平均为21.5min,冷侧压组根管充填时间平均为31.7min。热牙胶组侧副根管充填率为11.4%(8/70),冷侧压组为1.4%(1/70),热牙胶组高于冷侧压组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论热牙胶连续波充填技术对于C型根管的根管充填效果优于冷牙胶侧方加压技术。     

三种根管充填方法对下颌第一前磨牙根尖区侧枝根管充填效果的实验研究

目的:比较ObturaⅡ&SystemB与Thermafil对下颌第一前磨牙侧枝根管的充填效果。方法:通过光透射选出在根尖区具有侧枝根管的离体下颌第一前磨牙60个,运用TF锉进行根管预备后随机分为3组,分别在手术显微镜下采用ObturaⅡ&SystemB、Thermafil及冷牙胶侧方加压进行根管充填,在距根尖孔2 mm侧枝根管处作横断面切片,电子显微镜下观察并记录侧枝根管内的牙胶、糊剂及空隙占根管横断面的比例,分析不同充填方式对根尖区侧枝根管的充填效果。结果:两种热牙胶充填组在距根尖2 mm处侧枝根管的充填效果均明显优于冷侧压充填组(P<0.05);ObturaⅡ&SystemB充填组稍优于Thermafil充填组,但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:采用ObturaⅡ&SystemB充填技术可有效封闭下颌第一前磨牙根尖区侧枝根管。     

ObturaⅡ&System B与Thermafil在扁根管内断离器械旁路充填的实验研究

目的:比较热塑牙胶充填(ObturaⅡ&System B和Thermafil)与冷牙胶侧方加压充填在扁根管内器械断离行旁路根管充填的效果。方法:将60颗扁根管离体下颌第一前磨牙随机分为3组,每组20颗牙。将新的15#不锈钢K锉(25 mm)断离在距根尖4 mm处,断离长度3 mm;从断离器械旁用Mtwo镍钛锉配合vdw.silver机用马达行根管旁路预备。在手术显微镜下分别采用ObturaⅡ&System B、Thermafil与冷牙胶侧方加压旁路充填。在距根尖2、5、8 mm处横断牙根,电子显微镜下记录在距根尖5 mm处断离器械与根充材料之间的缝隙,充填后根管内残余的空隙;分别记录在距根尖2 mm与8 mm处牙胶、空隙与糊剂占根管横断面的比例,分析不同充填方式的效果。结果:在离体的条件下,热牙胶充填在扁根管内器械断离后行旁路根管充填的效果优于冷侧压充填(P<0.05),ObturaⅡ&System B优于Thermafil,但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:当器械断离在扁根管内,从断离器械旁建立通路进行根管预备,ObturaⅡ&System B充填,可达到严密封闭根管的目的。     

Quality of gutta-percha root canal fillings using differently tapered gutta-percha master points

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and adaptability of gutta-percha root canal fillings to the root canal walls when two different tapered gutta-percha master points (GPMP) were used to fill a split-tooth model. A maxillary central incisor was prepared for the split-tooth model and 10 fillings for group A (ISO .02 GPMP) and group B (ISO .10 GPMP) were carried out. The System B and the Obtura II were used to fill the split-tooth model and replication of round artificial depressions, voids within the gutta-percha (GP) and spaces between the GP and the root canal walls were evaluated and scored. Individual scores of each parameter evaluated were compared between the two groups and statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Group A showed statistically significant better scores (p < 0.05) for the replication of the artificial round depressions and spaces between the GP and the root canal walls. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups for internal voids. It is concluded that the location of the GPMP binding point and the greater mass of the .10-Tapered GPMP may affect the quality and adaptation of the root canal filling in the important apical part of the canal.     

Variability of master gutta-percha cones

The common technique to hermetically fill prepared root canals involves the use of "standardised" gutta-percha cones that are selected to fit the apical portion of the prepared canal space. These gutta-percha cones are manufactured to conform to a standard size and taper which should correspond to the size and taper of standard root canal instruments. Clinical observation of commercially available gutta-percha cones seemed to indicate that there is wide variation in the diameter and taper of "standardised" gutta-percha cones within the size range 25-35. The present study was undertaken to determine how closely current commercially available gutta-percha cones sizes 25, 30 and 35 conformed to the current ISO standard, and was initiated by the above clinical observation. It was not the purpose of this study to compare the results from different brands or manufacturers, but rather to establish whether commercially available gutta-percha cones collectively conformed to expected standardised sizes. One phial of cones for each of the sizes 25, 30 and 35 of eight different brands was selected for examination. The diameter of each of ten cones for each size from each brand was measured at two points, at 1 mm and at 6 mm from the tip of the cone. The results obtained for each size and each brand were tabulated and compared with ISO 6877:1995 for dental root canal obturating cones. This study demonstrated wide variability for cones from all brands, for all sizes, when individual cones of the same size were compared. While collectively the arithmetic means showed a closer correlation to the ISO Standard, irrespective of the brand size of the cone, or whether the cone was measured at 1 mm or 6 mm, many individual cones showed a great variation from the ideal. The need for less variability is discussed. It is concluded that ISO standard 6877:1995 is inappropriate- and allows for too much variation in the size of "standardised" gutta-percha cones.     

The sterilization of gutta-percha points

The traditional methods employed for the sterilization of gutta-percha points are unsatisfactory. The use of propylene oxide for this purpose is described and experimental evidence is advanced to support this use.