山羊蠕形螨的扫描电镜观察

通过扫描电镜，全面细致地描述了山羊蠕形螨的背基刺、须肢附节爪、亚颚毛、须肢动节小突、足爪、股距、爪距、阴道及雄性生殖孔、阴茎、阴鞘、背足体毛、背部及末体皮纹、肛孔等微细结构形态，山羊蠕形螨各期未成熟虫体的颚体和足体附肢在结构形态上与成虫存有差异，这与其功能是相适应的。论文最后还对蠕形螨电镜的扫描样品的制备方法提出了改进意见。     

人体蠕形螨的生物学研究

用透明胶带法观察蠕形螨在人体面部的寄生、逸出及其在体外的存活能力。结果表明：毛囊蠕形螨（Ｄｅｍｏｄ－ｅｘｆｏｌｉｃｕｌｏｒｕｍ，Ｄ．ｆ．）主要以颚体朝向毛囊底部寄生，且常常有多条群居现象，而皮脂蠕形螨，（Ｄｅｍｏｄｅｘｂｒｅｖｉｓ，Ｄ．ｂ．）一般为单条独居生活。两种人体蠕形螨昼夜均可主动爬出毛囊口出现在皮肤表面，Ｄ．ｆ．以白天１０００～１８００为逸出高峰；Ｄ．ｂ．则以夜间２２００～２００逸出最多。此外，蠕形螨在体外有较强的活动力和存活力。透明胶带法在人体蠕形螨的流行病学调查和生物学研究方面具有较高的应用价值     

犬蠕形螨病诊断抗原制备研究

通过刮取重症病犬蠕形螨发病部位的皮屑 ,用 5 %NaOH消化 2h后进行虫体浓集 ,将浓集的虫体冻融、研磨、超声破碎 ,经 80 0 0r min离心 2 0min ,取上清为蠕形螨盐溶性粗抗原 ;将沉渣用尿素混匀 ,再次超声 ,经 80 0 0r min离心 2 0min ,取上清为蠕形螨尿素溶性粗抗原。所得抗原用Bradford法进行蛋白浓度检测 ,浓度分别为 1 4mg mL和 1 1mg mL。经过葡聚糖凝胶层析 (G 10 0 ) ,分别得到两个层析峰。经SDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 ,盐溶性粗抗原显示 2条主蛋白带 ,分子量约为 4 5 7kDa和 2 7 5kDa ;尿素溶性粗抗原显示2条主蛋白带 ,分子量约为 4 6 8kDa和 2 7 5kDa ,用正常犬皮处理的对照抗原却出现至少 9条蛋白带 ,分子量范围为 :2 7kDa～ 110kDa。将抗原稀释至 1∶30 0 ,血清按 1∶30 0稀释 ,酶标SPA (葡萄球菌A蛋白 )作为二抗 ,通过ELISA检测 ,尿素溶性粗抗原层析峰第一峰具有较好抗原性 ,实际检测 12例临床检查发现蠕形螨的临床病犬和 19例未发现蠕形螨的临床健康犬 ,阳性符合率和阴性符合率分别为 91 6 7%和 78 95 %。经与其他皮肤病犬进行检测发现该抗原能较好地与其他皮肤病进行鉴别 ,与猪蠕形螨阳性血清有一定的交叉反应。获得了敏感性和特异性较高的犬蠕形螨病诊断抗原     

克螨护肤灵对人体蠕形螨药敏实验研究

克螨护肤灵对人体蠕形螨药敏实验研究王玉玲吕志杰曹刚马志红赵秀坤（河北医科大学中医学院石家庄０５００９１）人体蠕形螨的致病问题，越来越引起人们的重视。我们的研究证实，酒糟鼻与人体感染毛囊蠕形螨（ＤｅｍｏｄｅｘｆｏｌｉｃｕｌｏｒｕｍＳｉｍｏｎ，１８４２）...     

不同环境因素对山羊蠕形螨存活的影响

不同环境因素对山羊蠕形螨存活的影响赖从龙，吴聪明，张同富（四川农业大学，雅安，四川６２５０１４）山羊蠕形螨（Ｄｅｍｏｄｅｘｃａｐｒａｅ）是对山羊危害严重和感染率高的一种外寄生虫，使山羊板皮穿孔，导致销售等级下降以至废弃，造成极大经济损失。为了对该外寄...     

两种常用人体蠕形螨检查方法的检出效果比较

本文对挤刮法和透明胶贴法进行了比较研究，结果透明胶贴法检出率为54．9％，挤刮法为33．3％。鼻部检出率较颊部为高；透明肢贴法适于流行病学调查，挤刮法适于门诊临床检查，二者结合可提高检出率。     

眼部蠕形螨寄居患者结膜上皮ICAM-1和HLA-DR的表达和意义

目的:探讨眼部蠕形螨寄居患者结膜上皮ICAM-1和HLA-DR的表达和意义。方法:选择痤疮、脂溢性皮炎以及类固醇皮炎眼部蠕形螨检查为阳性的患者共58例为蠕形螨寄居组,另选50例无面部疾病眼部蠕形螨检查阴性的健康成人,作为正常对照组。用流式细胞术联合印迹细胞学检测细胞表面分子的方法检测结膜上皮细胞ICAM-1和HLA-DR的表达阳性率及荧光强度。结果:与正常对照组相比,蠕形螨寄居组患者结膜上皮细胞中ICAM-1和HLA-DR的阳性率和荧光强度均明显提高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:眼部蠕形螨寄居患者结膜上皮中ICAM-1和HLA-DR的表达增强。     

Regional thickness of facial skin and superficial fat: Application to the minimally invasive procedures

Various recently introduced minimally invasive treatment modalities are now widely used for enhancing the aging face. In a special, filler is used to increase the volume of tissue, and so understanding the regional thickness and distribution of the facial superficial fat is essential for optimizing minimally invasive procedures. The aim of this study was to establish the overall facial skin and superficial fat thicknesses using a three‐dimensional (3D) scanning system. From 53 adult Korean and Thai embalmed adult cadavers, the undissected and serially‐dissected facial specimens were scanned and reconstructed. The facial skin and superficial fat thicknesses on seven facial regions were calculated from the superimposed images. The facial skin tended to become thicker in the order of the radix and dorsum, and the temple, supraorbital, forehead, perioral, cheek, and infraorbital areas. The skin was thinnest at radix and dorsum (1.51 ± 0.55 mm), and thickest in infraorbital region (1.97 ± 0.84 mm). The facial superficial fat thickness tended to increase in the order of the radix and dorsum, supraorbital, forehead, temple, cheek, infraorbital, and perioral regions. The superficial fat was thinnest at the radix and dorsum (1.61 ± 1.07 mm), and thickest in the perioral region (5.14 ± 3.31 mm). The facial superficial fat thickness tended to increase in the order of the radix and dorsum, supraorbital, forehead, temple, cheek, infraorbital, and perioral regions. The present findings indicate that 3D scanning system can yield crucial anatomical information about depths of the facial skin and superficial fat layers for utilization in various clinical procedures. Clin. Anat. 32:1008–1018, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Overgrowth of oral mucosa and facial skin, a novel feature of aspartylglucosaminuria

Aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA). The main symptom is progressive mental retardation. A spectrum of different mutations has been reported in this disease, one missense mutation (Cys163Ser) being responsible for the majority of Finnish cases. We were able to examine 66 Finnish AGU patients for changes in the oral mucosa and 44 of these for changes in facial skin. Biopsy specimens of 16 oral lesions, 12 of them associated with the teeth, plus two facial lesions were studied histologically. Immunohistochemical staining for AGA was performed on 15 oral specimens. Skin was seborrhoeic in adolescent and adult patients, with erythema of the facial skin already common in childhood. Of 44 patients, nine (20%) had facial angiofibromas, tumours primarily occurring in association with tuberous sclerosis. Oedemic buccal mucosa (leucoedema) and gingival overgrowths were more frequent in AGU patients than in controls (p<0.001). Of 16 oral mucosal lesions studied histologically, 15 represented fibroepithelial or epithelial hyperplasias and were reactive in nature. Cytoplasmic vacuolisation was evident in four. Immunohistochemically, expression of AGA in AGU patients' mucosal lesions did not differ from that seen in corresponding lesions of normal subjects. Thus, the high frequency of mucosal overgrowth in AGU patients does not appear to be directly associated with lysosomal storage or with alterations in the level of AGA expression.     

Effect of a conjugated oestrogen (Premarin®) cream on ageing facial skin. a Comparative study with a placebo cream

The effects of Premarin cream on ageing facial skin were studied in a randomised, doubleblind, parallel group study. Fifty-four women aged 52–70 years who had moderate to severe facial cutaneous ageing, applied 1 g of either Premarin cream (0.625 mg conjugated oestrogens per gram of cream), or placebo cream (same composition with the exclusion of conjugated oestrogens) to the face nightly for 24 weeks. Each morning these women protected their face with a sunblock SPF 15. Skin thickness was measured by B-scan ultrasonic echography, and skin microrelief by profilometry. Each subject's facial appearance was also evaluated by the subject herself and by the clinician. A statistically significant difference (P = 0.013) in favour of Premarin cream was detected in skin thickness at week 24. Skin thickness (dermal plus epidermal) for the women who used Premarin cream increased from 1.56 ± 0.20 mm at baseline to 1.68 ± 0.19 mm, compared with 1.52 ± 0.20 mm at baseline to 1.59 ± 0.19 mm in the placebo group. Premarin cream was also significantly more effective than placebo cream in improving fine wrinkles according to the results at weeks 12 and 24 (P = 0.010 and P = 0.012, respectively). Significant improvement from baseline was detected in both groups for roughness, laxity and mottled pigmentation and/or lentigines; however, there was no significant difference in these parameters between the two treatment groups. No subjects discontinued treatment for a safety reason. In conclusion, Premarin cream produced better results than the placebo cream; the difference was statistically significant for skin thickness and fine wrinkles. Premarin cream was well tolerated locally, and its general safety was good.     

面静脉瓣膜及其临床意义

在30具尸体上,对60例面静脉的瓣膜进行了观察,发现75%的面静脉具有瓣膜。调查结果表明,一般解剖学教科书关于面静脉无瓣膜的提法是不正确的。     

Deposition of IgD, alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin on Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis infesting the pilosebaceous unit

A total of seven routinely processed biopsy specimens of facial skin lesions with infestation of Demodex folliculorum or D. brevis were immunostained for plasma proteins and secretory proteins. The cuticular layer of the mites located within the pilosebaceous unit was selectively immunoreactive for IgD (delta chain), alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Negative results were obtained for IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, albumin, fibrinogen, C3, amyloid P component, prealbumin, lysozyme and lactoferrin. These findings suggest a novel function of IgD and serum protease inhibitors as a protective host response to the mite.     

Validity and reliability of a structured‐light 3D scanner and an ultrasound imaging system for measurements of facial skin thickness

Three‐dimensional (3 D)‐scanning‐based morphological studies of the face are commonly included in various clinical procedures. This study evaluated validity and reliability of a 3 D scanning system by comparing the ultrasound (US) imaging system versus the direct measurement of facial skin. The facial skin thickness at 19 landmarks was measured using the three different methods in 10 embalmed adult Korean cadavers. Skin thickness was first measured using the ultrasound device, then 3 D scanning of the facial skin surface was performed. After the skin on the left half of face was gently dissected, deviating slightly right of the midline, to separate it from the subcutaneous layer, and the harvested facial skin's thickness was measured directly using neck calipers. The dissected specimen was then scanned again, then the scanned images of undissected and dissected faces were superimposed using Morpheus Plastic Solution (version 3.0) software. Finally, the facial skin thickness was calculated from the superimposed images. The ICC value for the correlations between the 3 D scanning system and direct measurement showed excellent reliability (0.849, 95% confidence interval = 0.799–0.887). Bland‐Altman analysis showed a good level of agreement between the 3 D scanning system and direct measurement (bias = 0.49 ± 0.49 mm, mean±SD). These results demonstrate that the 3 D scanning system precisely reflects structural changes before and after skin dissection. Therefore, an in‐depth morphological study using this 3 D scanning system could provide depth data about the main anatomical structures of face, thereby providing crucial anatomical knowledge for utilization in various clinical applications. Clin. Anat. 30:878–886, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

面神经主要分支的体表投影及其临床意义

目的：根据面神经主要分支的体表投影，分析面部面神经的易受损区。方法：解剖9例双侧福尔马林固定成人尸头，观测面神经由茎乳孔至入肌处的体表投影。结果：面神经的体表投影可以限定在通过皮肤的六条线之间：A线起始于耳屏上部，终于骨性外眦上40mm处。B线起始于耳屏下部，终于骨性外眦上9mm处。C线起始于耳屏下部，终于鼻中部。D线起始于耳屏下10mm处，终于口角下10mm。E线起始于耳屏下10mm处，经下颌缘，至下颌缘与口角的垂线相交处。F线起始于耳屏下10mm处，终于锁骨中点。结论：面神经较易受损的区域为颞额区、下颌角区和腮腺前区。     

Alu‐mediated large deletion of the CDSN gene as a cause of peeling skin disease

Peeling skin disease (PSD) is an autosomal recessive skin disorder caused by mutations in CDSN and is characterized by superficial peeling of the upper epidermis. Corneodesmosin (CDSN) is a major component of corneodesmosomes that plays an important role in maintaining epidermis integrity. Herein, we report a patient with PSD caused by a novel homozygous large deletion in the 6p21.3 region encompassing the CDSN gene, which abrogates CDSN expression. Several genes including C6orf15, PSORS1C1, PSORS1C2, CCHCR1, and TCF19 were also deleted, however, the patient showed only clinical features typical of PSD. The deletion size was 59.1 kb. Analysis of the sequence surrounding the breakpoint showed that both telomeric and centromeric breakpoints existed within Alu‐S sequences that were oriented in opposite directions. These results suggest an Alu‐mediated recombination event as the mechanism underlying the deletion in our patient.