西咪替丁缓释片人体内外相关性研究

本文就西咪替丁缓释片人体内外试验之相关性进行了研究。结果表明，丁咪替丁缓释片体外溶出度与体内吸收量之间呈良好的相关性，相关系数ｒ＝０．９５４３，（Ｐ〉０．０５）。西咪替丁缓释片口服后，体内血药浓度波动小，作用平稳持久。有效血药浓度（〉０．２５μｇ／ｍｌ）持续１２ｈ，整个给药过程未超过可产生中毒症状的血药浓度（〈２μｇ／ｍｌ）。根据体内外试验相关方程可推测体内吸收量，以保证服药安全有效，也为今后评价     

盐酸伐昔洛韦缓释片体外释放与体内吸收的相关性

以转篮法测定盐酸伐昔洛韦缓释片的体外释放度并进行体内试验。单剂量交叉给予家犬相同剂量的盐酸伐昔洛韦缓释片和普通片后测定血药浓度，分别以Wagner—Nelson法和反卷积分法计算体内吸收分数与输入函数，进行体内外相关性的判断。结果表明盐酸伐昔洛韦缓释片体内外相关性良好。     

烟酸缓释片在体外释放和体内吸收的相关性研究

目的：研究烟酸缓释片在体内外的相关性。方法：通过烟酸缓释片体外释放试验和体内动力学研究，考察其在体内外的相关性。结果：烟酸缓释片在人工胃液及人工肠液中均能缓慢释药，体内血药浓度维持时间长，体外释放百分率与体内吸收分数呈良好相关性。结论：烟酸缓释片在体外释放和体内吸收之间有明显的相关性。     

美斯地浓缓释片体外释放与体内吸收的相关性

目的:研究美斯地浓缓释片体外释放与体内吸收的相关性。方法:以水为溶出介质,测定美斯地浓缓释片的体外释放度,采用高效液相色谱法测定兔口服美斯地浓缓释片后的血药浓度,按照Loo-Riegelman公式计算药物的吸收分数,并对体内外相关性进行评价。结果:不同时间点的体内吸收百分数与体外累计释放百分数相关系数良好(r=0.997),相关性方程为Y=1.667 7 X+0.563。结论:美斯地浓缓释片体外释放累积百分数与体内吸收百分数具有显著的体内外相关性。     

非洛地平-美托洛尔透皮贴剂与缓释片在兔体内药动学及生物利用度比较

目的：研究非洛地平-美托洛尔复方透皮贴剂与两药市售缓释片在兔体内药动学和生物利用度差异。方法：采用三周期随机交叉试验法，6只健康白兔随机分为3组，分别给予复方非洛地平-美托洛尔静脉注射液、透皮贴剂及两药市售缓释片各l片，以气相色谱-电子捕获法分别测定非洛地平和美托洛尔血药浓度，用DAS软件计算药动学参数和生物利用度，通过统计学检验评价不同剂型间差异。结果：透皮贴剂较口服缓释片药物吸收时间显著延长（P〈0.05），达峰时间显著推后（P〈0．05），血药浓度平稳，波动性小，体内作用时间长达2d-3d。贴剂中非洛地平和美托洛尔的生物利用度分别是其口服缓释片的114．30％和192．92％。结论：该贴荆缓释特征明显，达到了预期提高生物利用度、延长药物体内驻留时间、维持平稳血药浓度和方便用药的新剂型设计目的。     

褪黑素缓释片的制备及其药代动力学研究

目的　研制褪黑素HPMC骨架缓释片。并且研究缓释片的药物动力学及生物利用度。方法　以HPMC为骨架制备褪黑素缓释片。考察褪黑素的颗粒大小 ,片剂中HPMC的种类及含量 ,片剂大小 ,填充物的种类及数量 ,压片力等影响药物释放度的因素。采用HPLC荧光检测器测定家犬静脉注射及口服褪黑素后的血药浓度。结果　褪黑素静脉注射后体内血药浓度符合双隔室模型。静注两种剂量后AUC与剂量成正比 ,生物半衰期分别为 6 7 7分和 84 6分 (P >0 0 5 )。褪黑素缓释片相对于常释胶囊的生物利用度为 83 8%。缓释片及常释胶囊的绝对生物利用度分别为 3 75 %及 4 4 9%。结论　褪黑素缓释片具有良好的缓释特性。褪黑素缓释片及常释胶囊的绝对生物利用度都较低 ,缓释片的生物利用度低于常释胶囊但体内平均滞留时间显著长于常释胶囊。缓释片的体外释放与体内吸收速度有良好的相关性。     

三七总皂苷缓释片的释放性能及体内外相关性研究

目的评价三七总皂苷缓释片的体外释放特性、体内药物动力学及体内外相关性。方法以磷酸盐缓冲液为释放介质,考察三七总皂苷缓释片的体外释放特性。以6只Beagle犬为实验动物,测定口服给予缓释片后血药浓度的变化,计算药代动力学参数,并对体外累积释放度和体内累积吸收百分率进行回归,考察其体内外相关性。结果三七总皂苷缓释片体外药物释放具有明显的缓释特性;与普通片相比,在Beagle犬体内的达峰时间延长,峰浓度降低,平均滞留时间延长,也具有明显的缓释特性。结论制得的三七总皂苷缓释片达到了缓慢释放药物的目的,并且其体内外参数间有明显的相关性。     

盐酸氨溴索缓释片体内外相关性研究

目的考察盐酸氨溴索缓释片体外释放度与体内吸收的相关性。方法应用释放度测定法研究盐酸氨溴索缓释片体外释药行为 ,采用HPLC法测定盐酸氨溴索缓释制剂在家犬体内的血药浓度 ,按照Wagner Nelson公式计算药物的吸收分数。 结果 3种自制盐酸氨溴索缓释片与参比制剂生物等效 ,以药物累积吸收百分数 f(t)与相应时刻的体外累积释放百分数F(t)建立的一元线性回归方程 ,参比制剂与 3种自制制剂的体内外相关系数分别为 0 969、0 979、0 970和 0 983。结论盐酸氨溴索缓释片的体外释放度与体内吸收具有显著的相关性。     

阿昔莫司缓释片的体外释放度与犬体内吸收相关性

目的:研究阿昔莫司缓释片的体外释放度与其在家犬体内吸收的相关性。方法:以水为溶出介质,测定阿昔莫司缓释片的体外释放度。采用高效液相色谱法测定家犬单剂量口服阿昔莫司胶囊和缓释片后的血药浓度,用非隔室模型对阿昔莫司的体内过程进行拟合,以反卷积分法求算积分方程中的输入函数。以输入函数与同时间点体外累积释放度回归求得相关系数并与相关系数临界值进行比较。结果:以累积释放度Y与输入函数R建立的回归方程为:Y=18.118R+35.717(r=0.9309),相关系数临界值r4,0.05=0.811,r>r4,0.05,表明回归方程显著。结论:自制阿昔莫司缓释片体内外相关性良好。     

国产布洛芬缓释片的体内外相关性

目的对国产布洛芬缓释片的体内外相关性进行研究。方法体外释放度采用中国药典1995年版二部的转篮法,体内血药浓度用HPLC法和3P97程序计算药动学参数。结果在7h时平均累积释放77.44%;10名男性健康志愿者口服单剂量600mg布洛芬缓释片的体内过程符合开放一室模型,AUC,C     

曲尼司特缓释片的制备及其释药影响因素研究

目的　制备了曲尼司特凝胶骨架片。方法　采用HPMCK4M、K15M为凝胶骨架材料 ,进行了处方研究 ;通过测定制剂体外释放度 ,评价了该缓释片处方。结果　曲尼司特缓释片体外释药符合Higuchi方程 ,其释药速率常数Kr为 0 193h-1/ 2 。影响缓释片体外释药的因素有骨架材料的种类、用量、粘合剂的种类和释药介质的pH等。结论　缓释片具有明显的缓释作用 ,可缓慢释药 12h。     

氯氮平胃内漂浮片兔体内药物动力学和体内外相关性

为了比较氯氮平漂浮片 (自制 )和普通片兔体内药物动力学、相对生物利用度及体内外相关性。用 4只新西兰大白兔自身交叉对照、单剂量灌胃氯氮平漂浮片或普通片各 5 0mg ,采用HPLC法测定血浆氯氮平浓度 ,3p97程序拟合血药浓度 时间数据。结果表明氯氮平漂浮片和普通片符合单室模型特征 ,求得药物动力学参数 :tmax分别为 (3 0 5 7± 0 0 5 9)和 (1 188± 0 191)h ;Cmax分别为 (8 795± 0 494)和 (11 182± 3 45 7) μg/mL ;AUC( 0～t) 分别为 (6 6 0 15± 7 0 2 6 )和 (5 4 881±1 180 ) μg/mL·h ;漂浮片相对生物利用度为 (12 0 2 88± 6 2 77) % ;其体内吸收与体外释药有良好的相关性 (r =0 9811)。     

UV法及Weibull模型评价复方法莫替丁分散片的溶出特性

目的 :评价复方法莫替丁分散片在不同测定方法下的溶出特性。方法 :采用转篮法及桨法测定复方法莫替丁分散片的体外溶出度 ,溶液吸收度以紫外分光光度法测定 ;实验数据采用Excel软件 ,以Weibull分布模型求算溶出参数并拟合回归直线 ,用t检验进行统计学分析。结果 :采用转篮法及桨法测定本复方法莫替丁分散片的溶出度 ,其td 值分别为 1 30 6 3及 0 7931min ;直线斜率间存在统计学差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :本品溶出过程受测定方法影响较大 ,提示本品的体内溶出过程与胃肠运动密切相关。     

硝苯地平片剂溶出度的考察

目的考察不同生产企业生产的硝苯地平片剂的体外溶出度。方法分别以0.1 mol.L-1盐酸溶液、人工胃液(不含胃蛋白酶)、pH 4.5醋酸钠缓冲液、pH 6.8磷酸盐缓冲液和蒸馏水为溶出介质,采用紫外分光光度法检查;以质量分数为0.25%十二烷基硫酸钠为溶出介质,采用HPLC法检查,比较不同厂家硝苯地平片剂的体外溶出度。用相似因子法评价硝苯地平片剂在0.1 mol.L-1盐酸溶液、人工胃液(不含胃蛋白酶)、pH 4.5醋酸钠缓冲液、pH 6.8磷酸盐缓冲液和蒸馏水中的溶出行为。结果在质量分数为0.25%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液中,硝苯地平的溶出度在60 min均大于65%,而在其他溶出介质中的溶出度均达不到《英国药典》及《美国药典》中规定的标准。相似因子f2均在50~100之间。结论溶出介质的pH值对硝苯地平的溶出度没有影响。从整体来看,国产硝苯地平片剂的体外溶出行为与国外制剂相比有很大差距。     

恩替卡韦片的制备及其体外溶出曲线研究

目的制备恩替卡韦片,并与市售恩替卡韦片进行体外溶出曲线的比较。方法采用乳糖、羧甲淀粉钠、PVPK30压制成恩替卡韦片,分别以0.05 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾、水和0.01 mol·L-1盐酸作为介质,用浆法绘制不同溶出介质中的溶出曲线,并计算出相似因子（f2）。结果在0.05 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液、水、0.01 mol·L-1盐酸介质中,自制恩替卡韦片和市售恩替卡韦片的溶出曲线f2依次为78,51和51。结论自制恩替卡韦片和市售片在0.05 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾、水和0.01 mol·L-1盐酸中的体外溶出行为一致。     

The effect of formulation composition and dissolution parameters on the gel strength of controlled release hydrogel tablets.

The impact of hydrogel polymers and dissolution media on tablet gel strength, Gamma, of controlled release (CR) hydrogel tablets was investigated. CR tablets containing either hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), or carbomer were formulated with theophylline and Fast Flo lactose, to produce tablets with a polymer content of 8, 15, and 30% w/w. Gamma was measured using a previously reported method. The drug dissolution profiles were similar, irrespective of polymer type or dissolution media (DI water, 0.1 N HCl, and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer), at the same % w/w level of polymer. Gamma, however, showed large and significant differences (p < or = 0.05) between tablets containing different polymers and between different dissolution media. Gamma values were HPMC KI00MP > HPC HXF > carbomer 971P (same % w/w) with absolute Gamma values at 30% w/w in DI water of 6600, 4600, and 1600 ergs/cm3, respectively. Gamma for HPMC based tablets was independent of changes in dissolution media, while the Gamma values for HPC tablets were 18% lower in acid and buffer than in DI water. Of the polymers tested, carbomer based tablets had the lowest Gamma values in all dissolution media and an unexpected 58% lower Gamma in buffer compared with DI water or acid. Gamma provides a quantitative measure of the effect of formulation and dissolution parameter changes on tablet gel layer strength, under in vitro stress conditions that may parallel in vivo tablet performance, but which cannot be deduced from a comparison of dissolution profiles or polymer viscosity.     

自身对照法测定复方黄连素片溶出度

目的:建立自身对照法测定复方黄连素片溶出度。方法:采用自身对照法(UV)测定复方黄连素片的溶出度。采用篮法,溶出介质为纯化水(900 mL),转速100 r.min-1,取样时间90 min。结果:复方黄连素片溶出度测定自身对照法在1.2～9.0μg.mL-1浓度范围内呈线性(r=0.9995,n=5),回收率98.9%,RSD=0.03%。结论:本法简便、准确、可行,可作为复方黄连素片的质量标准中控制项目之一。     

Development and validation of discriminating method of dissolution for fosamprenavir tablets based on in vivo data

The aim of this work is to develop and validate a dissolution test for fosamprenavir tablets (Telzir^®) based on in vivo data. The appropriate conditions were determined after testing sink conditions in dissolution medium, rotation speed and stability of the drug. In vivo release profiles were obtained from the literature. The fraction (and percentage) of dose absorbed (FA) was calculated by deconvolution, using the Wagner–Nelson method. For this formulation, the best dissolution conditions were achieved using a USP apparatus 1 900 ml of medium containing HCl 0.01 M at a rotation speed of 75 rpm. Under these conditions a significant linear relationship between fraction of drug absorbed versus dissolved was obtained (R² = 0.984) and a level-A IVIVC was established. The in vitro dissolution samples were analyzed using a HPLC method and the validation was performed according to USP protocol. The method showed accuracy, precision, linearity and specificity within the acceptable range. The discriminatory power of the dissolution method was challenged. The kinetics of dissolution was determined using model-dependent methods. The dissolution profiles were best described by the Hixson–Crowell model. The dissolution test was validated and could be applied to evaluate the dissolution profile of fosamprenavir tablets.     

The effect of controlled release tablet performance and hydrogel strength on in vitro/in vivo correlation

The impact of controlled release (CR) formulations having different gel strength values (gamma) on in vivo tablet performance and the in vitro/in vivo correlation of the formulations was investigated. The CR tablets containing either hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), or carbomer were formulated with theophylline and Fast Flo lactose to produce tablets with a polymer content of 8 and 30% w/w. gamma was measured using a previously reported method. Male beagle dogs were utilized. Results showed that dissolution profiles were similar for all three polymers at the same % w/w level of polymer, irrespective of media (DI H2O, 0.1 N HCl, and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer). Mean gamma values were significantly different (p < or = 0.05) and were in order of HPMC K100MP > HPC HXF > carbomer 971P (same 30% w/w) with absolute gamma values at 30% w/w in DI H2O of 6600, 4600, and 1600 ergs/cm3, respectively. Drug profiles in plasma for the 30% HPMC K100MP tablets were consistent with in vitro dissolution profiles and gamma values. Plasma profiles for the 30% HPC HXF tablets were similar in vivo as the HPMC tablets. Plasma profiles for the 30% carbomer 971P formulation showed much higher drug concentrations (compared to HPMC and HPC) in vivo in all dogs. This findings is not consistent with the slow drug release found in the dissolution profiles but consistent with its low in vitro gamma values. Assessment of the predictability of a level A in vitro/in vivo correlation was quantified by absolute mean percent prediction error (PE). Formulations having gamma approximately 6000 ergs/cm3 have acceptable PE < 20%, and low standard deviation (sigma). Results showed that gamma values of CR hydrogel tablets in vitro will affect the in vivo performance (i.e., absorption kinetics of the drug) of the tablets and were also found to better assess (compared to in vitro dissolution profiles alone) the predictability of in vitro/in vivo correlations (level A and multiple level C).     

头孢呋辛酯片的制备及其溶出度研究

目的制备头孢呋辛酯片,并与市售头孢呋辛酯片进行体外溶出度比较。方法采用微晶纤维素、交联聚维酮、微粉硅胶压制成头孢呋辛酯片,分别以pH4.0醋酸盐缓冲液、pH6.8磷酸盐缓冲液、水、0.1mol.L-1盐酸溶液作为溶出介质,用桨法实验,绘制不同溶出介质中的溶出曲线,并计算出相似因子(f2)。结果在4种溶出介质中,自制头孢呋辛酯片和市售头孢呋辛酯片的溶出曲线相似因子(f2)分别为73,68,65和82。结论自制头孢呋辛酯片和市售片的溶出行为一致。