Distribution and Analysis of Milk Fat Globule and Crescent in Murrah Buffalo and Crossbred Cow

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - India is the largest producer of buffalo milk in the world. Buffalo milk is rich in minerals like calcium and...     

In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Argyreia speciosa on Chronic Gastric Ulceration and Metabolic Studies

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Chronic gastric ulcer being the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder is considered a major cause of...     

Biochar and Crop Residue Amendments on Soil Microbial and Biochemical Properties

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Biochar amendment to soil is a proposed strategy to enhance soil C sequestration and soil fertility. However,...     

Zinc in Ruminants: Metabolism and Homeostasis

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Zinc is one of the most studied minerals of the twenty-first century as it is practically involved in every...     

Parasites as Emerging Biomonitoring Tools-Promises and Pitfalls

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - The ongoing debate over the application of parasites as ecological indicators for environmental assessment is...     

Improvisation of Pressmud by Organic Amendment and Its Effect on Soil Quality and Growth of Chilli,Capsicum annum

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Pressmud is a byproduct of sugar industry. Currently it is used both as a soil reclamation agent and soil...     

Spatial Distribution and Interaction of Eriosoma lanigerum and Aphelinus mali on Apple Under Dry-Temperate Conditions of India

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Knowledge of the seasonal abundance and type of spatial distribution of any insect pest is the prerequisite...     

Phytoextraction and Phytostabilization of Copper,Zinc, and Iron by Growing Plants in Chahar Gonbad Copper Mining Area,Iran

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Phytoremediation is a promising cleanup technology for heavy-metal-polluted soil. This research examined the...     

Trichoderma harzianum ThU and Its Metabolites Underscore Alteration in Essential Oils of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum sanctum

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Ocimum, an important commercial aromatic crop, is well known for the industrially acclaimed essential oil. In...     

Linkage Disequilibrium Based Association and Inheritance of Blast Resistance in Improved Varieties and Landraces of Aromatic Rice

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.), belongs to a genetically distinct subgroup of rice, is differentiated into...     

Influence of Metal Nanoparticles (NPs) on Germination and Yield of Oat (Avena sativa) and Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Assessment of effect of nanoparticles on plant growth is essential before adopting nanotechnology in...     

Applications of Biotechnology in Food and Agriculture: a Mini-Review

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Biotechnology is a wide-ranging science that uses modern technologies to construct biological processes,...     

Effective and Reliable Protocol for DNA Isolation from Polyphenolic Leaves and Fruits of Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Robs.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Garcinia gummi-gutta (Malabar tamarind) is a widely used Indian condiment and natural source of an...     

Screening Plant Products for Ralstonia solanacearum Inhibition and Characterization of Antibacterial Compounds in Garcinia indica and Tamarindus indica

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil borne disease affecting several plant species of...     

Cyanobacterial Secondary Metabolite Scytonemin: A Potential Photoprotective and Pharmaceutical Compound

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Scytonemin is a lipid-soluble, highly stable, yellow–brown-coloured secondary metabolite that is...     

Biochemical,Textural and Microbiological Quality of Squid Stored Under Conventional and Slurry Ice During Onboard Fishing

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Careful handling of fish and shellfish onboard at the vessel is of prime importance in order to maintain the...     

Genoprotection and Cytotoxicity of Cassia surattensis Seed Extract on Vero Cell Evaluated by Comet and Cytotoxicity Assays

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Cassia (C.) surattensis Burm. f. (Leguminosae) is a flowering plant that has been traditionally used in many...     

In Vitro Anti-oxidant,Anti-fungal and Anti-staphylococcal Activity of Resveratrol-Producing Endophytic Fungi

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Trans-resveratrol is an enormously exploited stilbene exhibiting a broad spectrum of biological activities....     

Iron Homeostasis in Rice: Deficit and Excess

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Rice is the major food crop grown in all over the world mitigating 60–70% requirement of calories....     

Readability and information density in biomedical research

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed in order to compare the lexicosyntactic readability, and the information density in the informed consent forms used in biomedical research, in comparison with standard scientific texts dedicated to the general population. In addition, we studied whether there is a correlation between information readability and density. METHODS: Fifteen informed consent forms, 6 articles from "Sciences et Avenir" and 6 articles from "Sciences et Vie Junior" were analyzed. The lexicosyntactic readability was calculated using the Flesh score, and the information density using the number of information bits related to the number of words. RESULTS: The lexicosyntactic readability was lower in the informed consent forms (25, 17-32) compared with "Sciences et Avenir" (32, 29-38), but even higher in "Sciences et Vie Junior" (42, 38-57). Conversely, the information density was similar in "Sciences et Vie Junior" (0.24, [0.21-0.27]) and the informed consent forms (0.24, [0.22-0.26]), but higher in "Sciences et Avenir" (0.32, [0.26-0.38]). CONCLUSION: Informed consent forms are less readable, but paradoxically less dense than scientific papers dedicated to the general population. There is no correlation between density and readability.