泪腺病变的CT分析

目的探讨不同泪腺病变的CT表现,提高泪腺病变的诊断水平。方法20例23眼泪腺病变患者,比较分析其CT表现特点。结果10例11眼泪腺炎性假瘤表现为泪腺增大,与周围结构如眼环分界不清,部分边缘锐利,其中1例伴有外直肌及上直肌增厚。1例1眼泪腺淋巴细胞反应性增生表现为右侧泪腺体积增大,边界清楚。5例5眼泪腺混合瘤,主要表现为泪腺区类圆形软组织肿块,密度均匀。2例4眼良性淋巴上皮性病变表现为对称性双侧泪腺弥漫性肿大,与周围组织分界清楚。2例2眼泪腺癌表现为眼眶外上方软组织肿块影,侵犯邻近组织结构并破坏眶壁骨质。结论根据CT表现特点,多数泪腺病变可明确诊断。     

眶内泪腺良性肿瘤的CT诊断临床研究

目的:探讨CT对泪腺良性肿瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析30例经病理证实良性泪腺肿瘤临床资料和CT影像资料。结果:泪腺良性肿瘤患者30例中26例位于泪腺眶部,泪腺睑部4例。肿瘤椭圆形18例,不规则形4例,边缘不规则呈现分叶状或结节状8例。CT表现大多数为密度均匀,眼眶皮质受压,凹陷18例,骨皮质破坏伴硬化肥厚12例。结论:泪腺良性肿瘤CT有一定特征,诊断准确率高。     

泪腺腺样囊性癌CT表现的研究

目的 分析泪腺腺样囊性癌常见的CT图像特征,从而探讨CT(computed tomography)影像对于泪腺腺样囊性癌的诊断价值.方法 病历来源为天津医科大学眼科中心及天津医科大学第二医院,经病理确诊的眼眶腺样囊腺癌39例.其中原发肿瘤20例,复发肿瘤19例,均为单眼发病,所有患者均行眼眶CT检查,获取水平及冠状扫描图像.结果 泪腺腺样囊性癌中原发肿瘤形状多为厚扁平状,贴附于眶壁增长,在体层像上呈锥形者10例、不规则形5例;复发肿瘤形状为不规则型8例、厚扁平状,贴附于眶外上壁向后增长者8例.原发与复发泪腺腺样囊腺癌的好发位置位于眶外上方分别为18例与11例.结论 CT可清晰显示肿瘤的位置,形状,范围、眶骨壁改变,对于泪腺腺样囊性癌的诊断和制定治疗方案具有重要指导意义.     

超声、CT、MRI对泪腺腺样囊性癌诊断价值比较

目的：探讨泪腺腺样囊性癌X线、超声、CT及MRI的影像学特征,以及各种检查方法对疾病诊断价值的比较。方法：回顾性分析1977－1999年经病理组织学确诊的泪腺腺样囊性癌46例,对X线（8例）、B超（39例）、CDI（7例）、CT（37例）、MRI（4例）的特征进行比较。结果：X线可以发现眼眶密度增高及眶骨破坏;B超可以发现眶内占位病变,且对病变内部的钙斑、液化腔等组织结构的显示良好;CDI可以提供肿瘤内部血液供应情况;CT可以揭示病变范围、生长方式、肿物与眶内正常结构的关系、眶骨及眶周结构的改变;MRI对于显示肿瘤颅内和颞凹蔓延,优于以上检查方法。结论：联合应用多种影像学检查方法,可以提高术前诊断率。     

1492例眼眶占位性病变临床病理学分析

目的探讨北京同仁医院眼科中心眼眶占位性病变的疾病谱系和发病情况。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象自1997年1月至2006年12月间北京同仁医院眼科中心病理室存档的1492例眼眶占位性病变。方法分析1492例眼眶占位性病变的临床病理资料,基本情况包括患者的年龄、性别及肿物的病理诊断。主要指标眼眶占位性病变的疾病谱系和发病情况。结果眼眶占位性病变依据组织来源主要分为15大类:囊肿性病变、脉管性病变、周围神经病变、视神经和脑膜病变、纤维组织病变、骨和软骨病变、脂肪组织病变、肌组织病变、泪腺病变、炎性病变、色素性病变、转移性肿瘤、淋巴增生性病变、继发性肿瘤、白血病和组织细胞系统病变、其它病变。其中良性病变1318例(88.3%),恶性病变174例(11.7%)。位于良性病变前5位的分别是皮样囊肿及表皮样囊肿、海绵状血管瘤、淋巴管瘤、泪腺混合瘤、慢性炎症和炎性假瘤;位于恶性肿瘤前5位的分别是淋巴瘤、泪腺囊腺癌、横纹肌肉瘤、黑色素瘤、皮脂腺腺癌。结论眼眶占位性病变涉及不同组织来源的病变。横纹肌肉瘤是儿童最常见的眶内恶性肿瘤,淋巴瘤是老年人最常见的眶内恶性肿瘤。(眼科,2007,16:398-402)     

泪腺腺样囊性癌CT表现的研究

目的 分析泪腺腺样囊性癌常见的CT图像特征,从而探讨CT(computed tomography)影像对于泪腺腺样囊性癌的诊断价值.方法 病历来源为天津医科大学眼科中心及天津医科大学第二医院,经病理确诊的眼眶腺样囊腺癌39例.其中原发肿瘤20例,复发肿瘤19例,均为单眼发病,所有患者均行眼眶CT检查,获取水平及冠状扫描图像.结果 泪腺腺样囊性癌中原发肿瘤形状多为厚扁平状,贴附于眶壁增长,在体层像上呈锥形者10例、不规则形5例;复发肿瘤形状为不规则型8例、厚扁平状,贴附于眶外上壁向后增长者8例.原发与复发泪腺腺样囊腺癌的好发位置位于眶外上方分别为18例与11例.结论 CT可清晰显示肿瘤的位置,形状,范围、眶骨壁改变,对于泪腺腺样囊性癌的诊断和制定治疗方案具有重要指导意义.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze imaging characteristics of adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC)of lachrymal gland on CT for the diagnosis of ACC in clinic. Methods Thirty-nine patients with ACC consisting of 20 cases of primary tumor and 19 cases of recurred tumors confirmed by pathology were collected from The Eye Centre of Tianjin Medical University and The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University. All the patients were unilateral, and examined by CT. The imaging characteristics of ACC on CT were analyzed. Results The most common shape of primary ACC included 10 cases of conical-shape, 5 cases of irregular-shape. The recurred cases contained 8 cases of irregular-shape, 8 cases of conical-shape. The primary and recurred ACC usually existed on superior-external side, with which there were 18 cases and 11 cases respectively. Conclusions CT examination can exactly reveal the shape, size, position, and ossa orbitale destruction of ACC and played an important role in the diagnosis of ACC.     

眼眶炎性假瘤的CT诊断价值

目的 总结分析眼眶炎性假瘤CT表现，探讨CT扫描对眼眶炎性假瘤的诊断价值。方法对39例经手术病理或临床随诊证实的眼眶炎性假瘤患者的CT表现和临床表现作回顾性分析。结果泪腺炎型13例，5例双侧泪腺增大，8例单侧增大，密度均匀，边界清楚；前部假瘤4例，位于球后，与其紧贴，边缘不清，密度不均，临近眼环局限性增厚；后部假瘤5例，位于眶尖部，密度不均，形态不规则；弥漫型5例，充满眶内球后区，眶内结构分界不清；肌炎型12例，单侧发病，累及一条或多条眼外肌，多为弥漫性增粗，眼外肌附着点增厚。结论眼眶炎性假瘤的CT表现有一定特点，CT能明确病变部位、范围和对眼眶炎性假瘤的分型，并能追踪随访疾病过程及疗效的评价。     

眼眶疾病的现代概念

近20年来,随着分子生物学和CT、核磁共振扫描等成像新技术的进展,眼眶疾病的诊断手段和治疗方法获得了很快的发展。作者在本文中,着重论述了泪腺肿瘤(多形性泪腺瘤和泪腺癌)、血管畸形(毛细血管瘤、海绵状血管瘤和静脉血管畸形)、和原发性视神经肿瘤等眶部疾患的诊断和治疗。     

眼眶病常用影像学检查设备操作指南(2024)

发生于眶隔后眶骨、眶内及眶周组织的疾病或全身疾病侵犯眼眶者均属于眼眶病。眼眶病涉及的疾病类型复杂,临床表现多样,由于其病变处在眼眶及眶内而非眼球内,常规眼科光学检查对于疾病的诊断帮助有限,因此眼科影像检查技术如眼部B超、CT、MRI等成为眼眶病诊断和病情评估的最主要手段。规范眼眶病常用检查设备的操作及总结眼眶病变影像学特征,可以提高眼眶病诊疗准确性和及时性,有助于减少眼眶病的误诊和漏诊,对眼眶病的诊治具有重要意义。本指南总结了眼眶病的常用检查设备原理、操作流程及影像特征,为规范眼眶病的常用检查方法、提高基层医疗眼眶病诊断效能提供参考指南。     

眼眶囊肿70例影像学诊断分析

目的 探讨眼眶囊肿的影像诊断特征.方法 回顾性分析经手术组织学证实的眼眶囊肿70例的B超、CT、MRI的表现.结果 B超、CT、MRI在眼眶囊肿中均有特征性表现,B超可以确定病变的声学性质,揭示病变内的组织结构.CT能够准确空间定位并可揭示骨缺失等继发改变.MRI可通过不同信号强度提示病变的组织结构,并可清楚显示眶颅沟通性病变.结论 联合应用B超、CT及MRI多种检查方法在眼眶囊肿的诊断中有重要价值.     

眼眶泪腺上皮性腫瘤的影像學診斷

目的分析34例泪腺上皮性腫瘤的影像學特徵.方法對20例泪腺良性多形性腺瘤(復發性7例),11例腺樣囊性癌(復發性9例),惡性多形性腺瘤2例(均爲復發性)和1例粘液表皮癌的超聲,CT和MRI進行分析.結果良性多形性腺瘤呈圓形,邊界清楚,骨窩形成.腺樣囊性癌體積較大,形狀不規則,骨破壞明顯.結論根據腫瘤的位置,形狀,邊界和繼發性改變(泪腺窩擴大,骨破壞,鈣化,病變向周圍結構蔓延)等影像學表現可作出較準確的術前定性診斷.     

Unusual presentations of pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland

Purpose: To report two atypical cases of pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic tumours of the lacrimal gland. Methods: Two case reports are presented. The first is of a 65-year-old female with a long history of right hypoglobus with sudden recent worsening. Computed tomography (CT) showed a round, well-defined lesion in the fossa for the lacrimal gland with an anterior hypodense exten- sion suggestive of possible malignancy in a pleomorphic adenoma. The tumour in the second case, a 35-year-old male, was diagnosed after presentation following a relatively minor periorbital injury. The smooth rounded mass on CT scan was suggestive of a benign lacrimal gland tumour. Results: The lesion in case 1 was excised with a diagnosis of haemorrhage within a pleomorphic adenoma. The lesion in case 2 was excised with a diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland with pseudocapsule. Conclusions: Haemorrhagic cyst developing beneath the pseudocapsule of a pleomorphic adenoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of secondary development of malignancy in a pleomorphic adenoma. Adenoid cystic tumours of the lacrimal gland can present with a pseudocapsule.     

泪腺恶性肿瘤—附27例报告

本文报告泪腺恶性肿瘤27例(其中腺样囊性癌12例,恶性多形性腺瘤9例,其它腺癌6例)。讨论和分析了临床表现、影象诊断特征、诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗和予后问题。     

Unusual presentations of pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland.

PURPOSE: To report two atypical cases of pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic tumours of the lacrimal gland. METHODS: Two case reports are presented. The first is of a 65-year-old female with a long history of right hypoglobus with sudden recent worsening. Computed tomography (CT) showed a round, well-defined lesion in the fossa for the lacrimal gland with an anterior hypodense extension suggestive of possible malignancy in a pleomorphic adenoma. The tumour in the second case, a 35-year-old male, was diagnosed after presentation following a relatively minor periorbital injury. The smooth rounded mass on CT scan was suggestive of a benign lacrimal gland tumour. RESULTS: The lesion in case 1 was excised with a diagnosis of haemorrhage within a pleomorphic adenoma. The lesion in case 2 was excised with a diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland with pseudocapsule. CONCLUSIONS: Haemorrhagic cyst developing beneath the pseudocapsule of a pleomorphic adenoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of secondary development of malignancy in a pleomorphic adenoma. Adenoid cystic tumours of the lacrimal gland can present with a pseudocapsule.     

Space-occupying lesions of the lacrimal gland at one tertiary eye center in China: a retrospective clinical study of 95 patients

AIM: To investigate the treatment status and prognosis of space-occupying lacrimal gland lesions at one tertiary eye center in China. METHODS: A retrospective clinical study was performed on 95 patients with space-occupying lesions of the lacrimal gland surgically treated at the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University from 2003 to 2007. The reviewed clinical data included age, gender, side of the lesion, duration of signs and symptoms, histopathological diagnosis, treatment modality, recurrence (local, regional, and distant metastasis) and survival. RESULTS: Of the 95 cases (99 eyes), pleomorphic adenomas were the most common lesions (43 cases), followed by lymphoid disorders (14), inflammatory pseudotumors (11), carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenomas (11), and adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC, 6). There were 8 patients with relapsed pleomorphic adenomas. Five of these 8 cases had malignant pathological changes. All patients with ACC had metastasis and three of them died during their follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that the most common lacrimal gland lesions were pleomorphic adenomas. Multiple recurrence and surgical procedures may increase the risk of tumor progression. ACC had a high incidence of tumor metastasis and a poor prognosis.     

泪腺上皮性肿瘤彩色多普勒超声特征分析

目的 分析泪腺上皮性肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声声像特征,证实其临床应用价值.方法 对28例经病理证实为泪腺上皮性肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声声像图进行回顾性分析.结果 泪腺多形性腺瘤多表现为边界清楚,形态规则,均匀中等内回声或不均匀内回声,不可压缩,彩色多普勒血流分级为I～Ⅱ级;腺样囊性癌多表现为边界清楚,形态不规则,不均匀内回声,不可压缩,彩色多普勒血流分级为Ⅲ～Ⅵ级,其中原发性泪腺腺样囊性癌收缩期峰值血流速度明显升高,与原发性泪腺多形性腺瘤间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05 ).结论 彩色多普勒超声对泪腺上皮性肿瘤的诊断及区别泪腺肿瘤良、恶性有重要临床应用价值.     

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland: report of two cases and literature review

The adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland is a rare malignant orbital tumour, which has a generally poor prognosis. The therapy for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland remains controversial. We present two cases of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland, who were treated with radical surgery in combination with radiotherapy. The therapeutic results are discussed with reference to relevant literature reports.     

Adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in the inferior orbit without evidence of lacrimal gland involvement

A 60-year-old woman sought treatment for right orbital fullness and intermittent headache. CT revealed an inferior orbital mass along the inferior rectus muscle. Incisional biopsy revealed an adenoid cystic carcinoma. Orbital exenteration followed by concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy was performed. The lacrimal gland was uninvolved by tumor microscopically. Although rare, adenoid cystic carcinoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of an orbital tumor, because the unusual location of an orbital adenoid cystic carcinoma may make its early detection difficult.     

泪腺上皮性肿瘤的外科治疗探讨

目的 探讨泪腺上皮性肿瘤的现代治疗方法。方法 对34例泪腺上皮性肿瘤进行分析。其中20例泪腺良性多形性腺瘤（复发性7例），11例腺样囊性癌（复发性９例），２例恶性多形性腺瘤（复发性2例）和1例黏液表皮癌。结果 前路开眶15例，改良外侧开眶15例，眶内容摘除术2例，内侧开眶1例，术后放射治疗17例（恶性14例，良性3例），随访28例，时间半年至1.5年，良性肿瘤16例均无复发，恶性肿瘤12例中2例复发。结论 泪腺上皮性肿瘤是常见的眶内肿瘤，复发率较高。改良外侧开眶是切除泪腺上皮性肿瘤最好的方法。     

E-cadherin和β-catenin在泪腺多形性腺瘤和腺样囊性癌中的表达

目的研究E-cadherin及β-catenin在泪腺多形性腺瘤和腺样囊性癌中的表达。方法选取经病理检查确诊为泪腺多形性腺瘤的患者11例11眼和腺样囊性癌的患者6例6眼,分别行E-cadherin和β-catenin免疫组织化学染色。选取泪腺脱垂患者的泪腺组织6例作为正常对照组。结果正常泪腺组织中E-cadherin呈强阳性表达,主要位于细胞膜;而在泪腺多形性腺瘤中E-cadherin呈弱阳性表达,主要位于细胞质。E-cadherin在腺样囊性癌中未见表达。3组中E-cadherin阳性表达的样本数差异有统计学意义（H=16.492,P=0.000）;正常泪腺组E-cadherin阳性表达的样本数明显高于多形性腺瘤组和腺样囊性癌组,差异均有统计学意义（U=-3.561,P=0.000;U=-3.108,P=0.002）,多形性腺瘤组中E-cadherin阳性表达的样本数明显高于腺样囊性癌组,差异有统计学意义（U=-2.147,P=0.032）。正常泪腺β-catenin细胞膜呈中度或强阳性表达,多形性腺瘤和腺样囊性癌中β-catenin的表达较正常泪腺组织表达阳性程度差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,腺样囊性癌组中β-catenin细胞核阳性的比例（33.3%,2/6）较多形性腺瘤组（72.7%,7/11）低。结论 E-cadherin表达的下降是参与泪腺上皮性肿瘤发生及癌变的重要因素,而E-cadherin的进一步下降甚至缺失,以及β-catenin的核转位可能是参与泪腺多形性腺瘤恶性转化的因素之一。