负压封闭引流术在四肢创伤合并大面积皮肤软组织缺损中的临床应用

目的探讨负压封闭引流(VSD)技术在治疗四肢创伤合并大面积皮肤软组织缺损中的临床疗效。方法收集2009年11月至2010年11月咸阳市核工业215医院手外科收治的58例四肢创伤合并皮肤软组织缺损患者的临床资料,其中男性38例,女性20例;年龄12～72岁,平均年龄42.00岁。对其均给予彻底清创,肌腱、血管神经修复,骨折内固定或外固定后行VSD治疗,创面用VSD材料封闭,持续负压引流的方法进行治疗。结果 36例一次性治疗,局部转移皮瓣10例,岛状皮瓣移植12例。所有病例缺损创面肉芽生长良好,行皮片移植或皮瓣修复后创面均愈合,骨折全部愈合,无明显功能障碍。并发症:引流管堵塞6例,膜下积液2例。结论 VSD技术操作简便,安全有效,在治疗四肢创伤并软组织缺损中疗效显著。     

负压封闭引流技术治疗四肢软组织缺损的护理

目的：探讨负压封闭引流技术治疗四肢软组织缺损的临床护理效果。方法对15例创伤引起四肢软组织缺损采用负压封闭引流技术进行治疗,并对临床护理效果进行观察。结果15例患者应用负压封闭引流治疗后,创面肉芽组织生长良好,经Ⅱ期植皮或皮瓣修复术后创面愈合。结论采用负压封闭引流术治疗四肢软组织缺损,效果良好,做好各种护理是促进良好愈合、缩短愈合时间的重要保证。     

负压封闭引流联合皮肤牵张技术在跟腱断裂修补术后创面软组织缺损修复中的应用

目的 探讨负压封闭引流(VSD)联合皮肤牵张技术修复跟腱断裂修补术后创面软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2016年1月-2017年11月安徽省界首市人民医院收治的跟腱断裂修补术后创面软组织缺损患者13例,其中男5例,女8例;年龄28～65(43.69±12.05)岁。创面软组织缺损面积3 cm×2 cm～5 cm×6 cm。患者一期行清创+VSD术,待创面感染控制、肉芽生长良好后,二期应用皮肤牵张器闭合创面。术后定期随访,比较术前及末次随访患者踝关节疼痛VAS评分和踝关节功能Kofoed评分;依据Kofoed评分标准评定疗效。结果 13例患者创面经一期清创+VSD手术治疗后,新鲜肉芽组织生长良好,感染控制佳;二期采用皮肤牵张技术闭合创面,均一期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间3～6(4.77±1.09)个月,切口创面均愈合良好,外观线性瘢痕形成,局部少许色素沉着,皮肤弹性正常,踝关节活动自如,无迟发型跟腱断裂发生。末次随访患侧踝关节疼痛VAS评分(1.08±0.64)分,低于术前的(4.23±0.83)分;踝关节功能Kofoed评分(86.23±6.60)分,高于术前的(65.08±5.66)分;差异均有统计学意义(t=30.778、9.365,P值均＜0.05);按照踝关节功能Kofoed评分标准评定疗效,优8例、良4例、可1例。结论 VSD联合皮肤牵张技术修复跟腱断裂修补术后创面软组织缺损,简便方便,安全有效,同时愈合瘢痕小,避免皮瓣修复创面所带来的损伤。     

负压封闭引流技术治疗皮肤软组织缺失的护理

封闭式负压引流技术,它不同于外科临床上传统的负压引流法,除使用负压引流外,还要将伤口封闭,创面用生物透明膜封闭,形成一个密闭引流系统,从而防止外界细菌入侵,改善创面血液循环。达到创面快速愈合的效果,而应用负压封闭引流技术（vacuum sealing drainage。VSD）治疗是一种简单而有效的方法。此方法操作简便省时,省力省材料,且患者痛苦小。我科采用封闭式负压引流技术对32例不同部位皮肤软组织缺损进行临床治疗,     

负压封闭引流技术（VSD）在骨科治疗皮肤软组织缺损的护理体会

目的：探讨负压封闭引流治疗皮肤软组织缺损有效的护理措施。方法对我科2011年3月~2013年8月收治的54例应用负压封闭引流(VSD)技术治疗皮肤软组织缺损的患者进行护理观察。结果54例应用负压封闭引流技术治疗的患者皮肤软组织缺损部位大片肉芽组织增生,为下一步植皮成活、伤口愈合起到了很好的效果。结论负压封闭引流技术在骨科治疗皮肤软组织缺损的疗效显著,而术后护理人员细致观察和全方位护理,是治疗成功的关键环节之一。     

封闭负压引流技术（VSD）在四肢复杂创面修复中的应用

我科自2011年5月-2012年4月采用封闭负压吸引术（vacuumsealingdrainage,VSD）技术修复四肢复杂创面29例,效果满意,现总结报道如下。l资料与方法1．1一般资料本组29例,男23例,女6例,平均年龄37岁（6～65岁）。20例为交通事故,5例为重物砸伤,2例为皮带绞伤,2例臀部溃疡。单纯皮肤软组织缺损者8例,合并肌腱、骨组织损伤或外露者17例（其中合并骨折者11例,按骨折AO分型A型5例,B型4例,     

负压封闭引流技术在足踝部皮瓣手术中的应用

目的评价负压封闭引流技术(VSD)在足踝部皮瓣手术中的应用疗效。方法对自2014年3月至2016年6月21例足踝部皮肤软组织缺损患者,一期行创面清创+VSD术,二期行皮瓣转位创面修复+VSD术。结果本组患者21例皮瓣全部成活,其中18例皮瓣一期愈合,2例皮瓣远端局部坏死,经清创及伤口换药后自行愈合。1例皮瓣感染再次清创+VSD冲洗治疗后好转。结论负压封闭引流技术应用到足踝部皮瓣手术中可以提供良好的术后引流,减轻水肿,促进创面愈合,提高皮瓣的成活率,缩短治疗周期,减轻患者的痛苦,术后效果优良,值得推广。     

外固定结合封闭负压引流治疗开放性骨折并皮肤软组织缺损

随着社会事业的快速发展,高能量损伤致开放性骨折并皮肤软组织缺损的患者越来越多,处理棘手,如果治疗不当可致皮肤软组织坏死缺损、骨外露、骨髓炎、骨不愈合等并发症,致残率高.我院自2008年1月以来对开放性骨折并皮肤软组织缺损采用三维外固定架结合人工负压封闭引流技术(VSD)治疗,取得了良好的效果,现总结如下.     

负压封闭引流在足部皮肤撕脱伤中的应用

目的回顾分析我院在应用负压封闭引流技术﹙vacuum sealing drainage,VSD﹚对足部皮肤撕脱伤的治疗方法。方法 2010年2月~2012年1月应用VSD治疗足部大面积皮肤撕脱伤21例,在急诊创面清创后应用VSD治疗。结果本组21例,其中16例经过1次负压封闭治疗后,创面撕脱皮肤原位存活。5例由于污染较重,经过2次VSD治疗后,肉芽生长良好。结论负压封闭引流适用于足部皮肤撕脱伤的治疗,可以控制感染,刺激肉芽生长,为二期创面修复提供了良好的条件和缩短治疗时间。     

负压封闭引流技术在深度烧伤创面修复中的应用

目的探讨负压封闭引流技术（VSD）联合植皮术在深度烧伤创面修复中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2010年2月至2012年12月榆林市第二医院收治的深Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度烧伤患者共50例,根据治疗方法不同分为两组：治疗组26例,植皮前后分别采用VSD治疗促进创面愈合;对照组24例,采用传统常规换药方法,肉芽组织新鲜后植皮,加压包扎植皮区。观察两组中并发症发生率、首次植皮存活率、创面感染率、住院时间、总医疗费用等差异。结果治疗组和对照组并发症发生率分别为3.85%和12.50%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,两组中细菌培养阳性率分别为7.69%和41.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7.898,P〈0.05）,首次植皮存活率分别为96.15%和70.83%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=5.953,P〈0.05）;两组疼痛评分分别为（4.15±1.29）分和（6.24±2.01）分,差异有统计学意义（t=4.336,P〈0.05）;住院时间分别为（21.4±4.5）d和（30.8±6.7）d,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=5.775,P〈0.05）;两组总医疗费用分别为（34960.4±8949.2）元和（29512.8±6749.7）元,差异无统计学意义（t=2.414,P〉0.05）。结论 VSD使用安全、简便,可有效促进烧伤创面的愈合,降低创面感染率,减轻患者痛苦,提高植皮存活率,缩短住院时间,值得临床推广应用。     

Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Herapy for Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremities

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE

Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies for soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities are still controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of a protocol of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for extremity sarcomas.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was carried out in a consecutive series of 49 adult patients with advanced extremity soft tissue sarcomas that could not be resected with adequate margins during the primary resection. All patients were treated with a protocol of preoperative radiation therapy at a total dose of 30 Gy, concomitant with doxorubicin (60 mg/m²) chemotherapy. The main endpoints assessed were local recurrence-free survival, metastasis-free survival and overall survival. The median follow-up time was 32.1 months.

RESULTS

The five-year local recurrence-free survival, metastasis-free survival and overall survival rates were 81.5%, 46.7% and 58.3%, respectively. For high-grade tumors, the five-year metastasis-free and overall survival rates were only 36.3% and 41.2%, respectively. Severe wound complications were observed in 41.8% of the patients who underwent surgery. These complications precluded adjuvant chemotherapy in 73.7% (14/19) of the patients eligible to receive it.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy was associated with a good local control rate, but the distant relapse-free rate and overall survival rate were still poor. The high rate of wound complications modified the planning of adjuvant treatment in most patients.     

Efficacy and Safety of Linezolid in the Treatment of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

The vast majority of community-acquired skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are caused by gram-positive cocci or are polymicrobial in nature. Hospital-acquired SSTIs are caused by gram-positive cocci in more than 50% of patients. Multidrug-resistant gram-positive cocci are rarely associated with community-acquired SSTIs but are frequently found in hospital-acquired SSTIs. Linezolid is the first member of a new class of antibiotics, the oxazolidinones. These antimicrobial agents have a unique mechanism of action and exhibit excellent activity against a variety of gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Linezolid is 100% orally absorbed, allowing for easy intravenous-to-oral continuation therapy. There is considerable clinical experience with the use of linezolid in SSTIs in phase II and III clinical trials. In comparative trials, linezolid was as effective as oxacillin-dicloxacillin or flucloxacillin in patients with complicated SSTIs caused by gram-positive organisms. Linezolid was also associated with significantly earlier hospital discharge than comparator agents among patients with SSTIs. It was equally effective as vancomycin in patients with SSTIs caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and has also demonstrated efficacy in patients with SSTIs caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Linezolid is well tolerated: the most common adverse events (gastrointestinal effects, headache) are reported in frequencies similar to those reported for comparator agents. Myelosuppression has been reported after prolonged administration but is reversible after discontinuation of the drug. Overall, linezolid has favorable efficacy and safety profiles and will be an increasingly useful option for the treatment of SSTIs, particularly those due to multidrug-resistant, gram-positive organisms. Electronic Publication     

Nocardia neocaldoniensis as a Cause of Skin and Soft Tissue Infection

Nocardia neocaledoniensis was introduced as a new environmental species of Nocardia in 2004. We present the first case of human skin and soft tissue infection caused by this species in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving prednisone and methotrexate therapy.     

改良臀大肌旋转肌皮瓣治疗难治性骶尾部软组织缺损

目的:探讨改良臀大肌旋转肌皮瓣用于治疗难治性骶尾部软组织缺损的疗效。方法:1999年2月~2006年2月,应用改良臀大肌旋转肌皮瓣修复骶尾部软组织缺损7例,缺损范围12 cm×11 cm~17 cm×15 cm,皮瓣面积12 cm×10 cm~16 cm×15 cm。结果:7例皮瓣全部成活,无供区创面不愈合者。随访6个月~3 a,6例双臀部对称外形满意,无复发者。结论:改良臀大肌肌皮瓣蒂部长,覆盖范围大,血运丰富,供区可直接缝合,避免了供区再次出现创面不愈合的情况,是治疗骶尾部难治性软组织缺损的好方法。     

Virulence Potential of Escherichia coli Isolates from Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Escherichia coli strains frequently are isolated from skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI); however, their virulence potential has not yet been extensively studied. In the present study, we characterized 102 E. coli SSTI strains isolated mostly from surgical and traumatic wounds, foot ulcers, and decubitus. The strains were obtained from the Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Phylogenetic backgrounds, virulence factors (VFs), and antibiotic resistance profiles were determined. Correlations between VFs and phylogenetic groups were established and analyzed with regard to patient factors. Further, the associations of the three most prevalent antibiotic resistance patterns with virulence potential were analyzed. Our results showed that the majority of the studied strains (65%) belonged to the B2 phylogenetic group. The most prevalent VF was ompT (80%), while toxin genes cnf1 and hlyA were found with prevalences of 32 and 30%, respectively. None of the investigated bacterial characteristics were significantly associated with patient gender, age, type of infection, or immunodeficiency. The most prevalent antibiotic resistance pattern was resistance to ampicillin (46%), followed by resistance to tetracycline (25%) and fluoroquinolones (21%). Strains resistant to ciprofloxacin exhibited a significantly reduced prevalence of cnf1 (P < 0.05) and usp (P < 0.01). Our study revealed that E. coli isolates from SSTIs exhibit a remarkable virulence potential that is comparable to that of E. coli isolates from urinary tract infections and bacteremia.Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are one of the most common infections in patients of all age groups. Infections mostly are self limited or can be treated with antibiotics. However, moderate or severe cases may require hospitalization and parenteral therapy (30). The most common causative agents are Staphylococcus aureus and aerobic streptococci (9, 10, 41, 43). However, several reports associating the enterobacterium Escherichia coli with SSTI have been published: E. coli was found to be the causative agent of neonatal omphalitis (7), cellulitis localized to lower or upper limbs (4, 6, 49), necrotizing fasciitis (1, 25, 28), surgical site infections (44), infections after burn injuries (37), and others. A study monitoring SSTIs during a 7-year period and encompassing three continents (Europe, Latin America, and North America) showed E. coli to be an important causative agent, since it was the third-most prevalent isolated species, preceded solely by S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The beta-hemolytic Streptococcus sp. group was only the 7th-ranked pathogen in North America and Europe and was 10th in Latin America in terms of prevalence (30). E. coli isolates from SSTI therefore merit detailed studies, especially taking into account the dramatic decline in antibiotic susceptibility of pathogenic E. coli strains in recent years. Despite the need for the characterization of E. coli strains from SSTI, to our knowledge only a single E. coli isolate from a deep surgical wound infection has been characterized (21). The aim of our study was to characterize a larger collection of E. coli isolates from SSTI. Our work was focused on their virulence potential: phylogenetic distribution, virulence factor (VF) profile, and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance patterns. Correlations between patient and strain characteristics were studied, as well as correlations between VF profiles and antibiotic resistance. As the strains were isolated from extraintestinal sites of infections, we screened for VFs that are typical of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC).     

皮肤软组织扩张器在头部疤痕畸形修复中的临床应用

目的 探讨皮肤软组织扩张器在头面部疤痕畸形修复中的应用.方法 对本科收治的98例头面部疤痕患者,应用皮肤软组织扩张器修复.手术分三期:一期:埋置扩张器,扩张皮瓣;二期:取出扩张囊后,利用扩张皮瓣修复缺损组织.三期:细微修饰瑕疵.结果 本组98例患者埋置扩张器共156个,一次修复疤痕面积最大22cm×14cm,出现切口感染1例,扩张器外漏1例,扩张器不扩张1例,经对症处理后痊愈.术后皮瓣均成活,修复后形态自然,术后随访6-18个月,效果满意,皮肤颜色与正常肤色一致.结论 皮肤软组织扩张器是治疗头面部瘢痕患者的有效方法之一,在临床上值得推广.     

腹直肌皮瓣修复四肢大面积软组织缺损

目的：探讨应用腹直肌肌皮瓣修复四肢大面积软组织缺损的临床应用。方法：19例严重创伤或手术切除后形成四肢大面积软组织缺损患者行腹直肌肌皮瓣修复术,术中根据患者损伤的创面部位采用带蒂或游离腹直肌肌皮瓣修复缺损处,3例胫前或足背动脉受损者采用逆行吻合血管的方法修复创面。结果：本组手术顺利、无皮瓣坏死、感染等并发症。随访4个月～22个月,皮瓣外形和功能恢复良好。结论：腹直肌肌皮瓣修复四肢大面积软组织缺损值得推荐。