肾上腺素诱导的血管平滑肌细胞C1~-电流及其与Ca2+运动的关系

为观察肾上腺素对主动脉平滑肌细胞C1-电流的影响及其与Ca2+内流的关系,采用膜片钳单离子通道(细胞贴附式)技术和Fura-2荧光法测定细胞内游离Ca2+浓度变化.结果发现,10 μmol/L肾上腺素可引起氯通道开放概率由对照组的0.061±0.0042增加到0.690±0.011;平均开放时间由1.08±0.23 ms延长到6.44±0.57 ms.此Cl-电流可被硝苯地平和EGTA抑制.肾上腺素可引起平滑肌细胞内游离Ca2+浓度由静息时77±13 nmol/L快速升高达峰值随后维持在高水平的内流平台相,达216±27 nmol/L.Cl-通道阻断剂尼氟灭酸在一定范围内呈浓度依赖性抑制肾上腺素诱发的Cl-电流及Ca2+内流,8 μmol/L 尼氟灭酸对细胞内游离Ca2+浓度的抑制率达27%±8%.结果表明,Cl-通道开放在调节平滑肌细胞Ca2+内流中起重要作用.     

氯通道参与脑血管平滑肌细胞Ca2+池操纵性Ca2+内流

研究Cl-通道在牛脑血管平滑肌细胞Ca2+池操纵性Ca2+内流中的作用.采用培养的脑血管平滑肌细胞,在生物荧光双波长影像分析系统用Fura-2/Am荧光探针测定单个细胞内游离Ca2+浓度.结果发现① Cl-通道阻断剂DIDS(0.75 μmol/L)能降低内皮素1(10-7 mol/L)刺激引起的脑血管平滑肌细胞Ca2+内流,抑制率为29.6%±3.9%,随后加入Cl-通道阻断剂NPPB(10 μmol/L)能继续降低平台相,抑制率为44.9%±8.7%;交换加药顺序,NPPB能降低内皮素1刺激引起的Ca2+内流,DIDS能进一步降低Ca2+内流.②DIDS(0.75 μmol/L)能降低三磷酸腺苷(10 μmol/L)刺激引起的脑血管平滑肌细胞Ca2+内流,抑制率为26.7%±10.5%,随后加入NPPB(10 μmol/L)能继续降低平台相,抑制率为54.3%±9.6%;交换加药顺序,NPPB能降低三磷酸腺苷刺激引起的Ca2+内流,DIDS能进一步降低Ca2+内流.③DIDS(0.75 μmol/L)能降低环匹阿尼酸(10 μmol/L)刺激引起的脑血管平滑肌细胞Ca2+内流,抑制率为26.5%±5.0%,随后加入NPPB(10 μmol/L)能继续降低平台相,抑制率为46.1%±4.2%;交换加药顺序,NPPB能降低环匹阿尼酸刺激引起的Ca2+内流,DIDS能进一步降低Ca2+内流.提示对DIDS、NPPB敏感的非同一性Cl-通道参与内皮素1、三磷酸腺苷、环匹阿尼酸触发的脑血管平滑肌细胞 Ca2+池操纵性Ca2+内流.     

5-羟色胺对结肠平滑肌细胞膜通道电流和膜电位的影响

目的　观察5 - 羟色胺(5 - HT)对豚鼠结肠平滑肌细胞膜离子通道电流和膜电位的电生理作用。方法　用EPC 9膜片钳和图像分析软件系统检测5 - HT对细胞收缩、动作电位(AP)、静息电位(RP)、钙依赖钾通道(BKCa)、钙通道(Ca2 L)电流的影响。结果　10 μmol/L 5 - HT对平滑肌细胞的直接作用:①外源性刺激的AP峰值下降至6 0 %±7.3% (n =7,P <0 .0 0 1) ,快速复极时间由4 7.5 3ms±4 .88ms下降为2 2 .96ms±4 .6 5ms(n =7,P <0 .0 0 1)。②RP从- 6 8.4mV±- 3.6mV(n =11)下降为- 18.2mV±- 2 .5mV(n =7,P <0 .0 0 1)。③从- 6 0mV去极化至 6 0mV时的细胞BKCa升高2 7%±12 % (n =8,P <0 .0 1) ,而电极内液含10 μmol/L肝素时则没有影响(2 .2 %±3.1% ,n =5 ,P >0 .0 5 )。④从- 6 0mV去极化至0mV的钙电流增加(2 3%±7% ,n =7,P <0 .0 1) ,而电极内液含10μmol/L肝素时则没有影响(2 .5 %±3.1% ,n =7,P >0 .0 5 ) ,细胞外液加入5 μmol/L尼卡地平(Nicardip ine)仍能抑制钙电流(79.3%±5 .1% ,n =3,P <0 .0 1)。结论　5 - HT主要通过IP3途径作用于豚鼠结肠平滑肌细胞:①可增加钙电流和使细胞去极化引起平滑肌细胞收缩。②使静息电位下降和细胞内外的游离钙离子浓度差减小,从而降低AP幅值。③兴奋BKCa电流促进AP     

Cl-通道在小牛血清引起的血管平滑肌细胞增殖中的作用

为探讨Cl-通道在小牛血清引起的血管平滑肌细胞增殖中的作用 ,采用细胞计数和氚标胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷掺入实验 ,并结合fura 2荧光测定细胞浆Ca2 + 浓度等技术 ,研究了Cl-通道阻断剂对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响。结果发现 ,Cl-通道阻断剂 4,4-二异硫氰酸二丙乙烯 2 ,2 -二磺酸 (DIDS ,0 .0 1μmol/L～ 0 .1mmol/L)可抑制 5 %小牛血清引起的血管平滑肌细胞增殖 ,其作用具有时效性和量效性 ,其它Cl-通道阻断剂如茚满羟基丙酸 (IAA 94,0 .1μmol/L～ 1mmol/L)、5 硝基 2 (3 苯丙氨基 )苯甲酸 (NPPB ,0 .1μmol/L～ 1mmol/L)、4 乙酰氨基 4 异硫氰酸 2 ,2 二磺酸 (SITS ,0 .1μmol/L～ 1mmol/L)、二苯丙氨基 2 ,2 二羧酸 (DPC ,0 .1μmol/L～ 1mmol/L)和速尿 (10 μmol/L～ 1mmol/L)等均无此作用 ,且DIDS对电压依赖性钙通道没有直接的影响。结果提示小牛血清可以开放DIDS敏感的Cl-通道 ,且该通道可能在小牛血清引起的血管平滑肌细胞增殖的调控上起着一定的作用。     

高血压病患者肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞钙激活钾通道变化及前列腺素E_1对通道活性的影响

目的　探讨高血压病患者肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞钙激活钾 (KCa)变化及前列腺素 (PG)E1 对通道活性的影响。方法　用酶消化法获取血管平滑肌细胞 ,以膜片钳技术检测KCa通道的活性 ,通过Pclamp专用软件实时采样记录其平均开放时间 (To) ,平均关闭时间 (Tc) ,平均开放概率 (Po)等。然后分别加入不同浓度的Ca2 +(10 - 8、10 - 7、10 - 6mol L)及PGE1 (10、2 0、40、10 0、2 0 0、40 0nmol L)后 ,再观察上述参数变化。结果　高血压病组肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞KCa通道活性显著高于非高血压组 ,加入Ca2 +后 ,两组KCa通道均被明显激活 ,与加Ca2 +前比较 ,非高血压组Po增加了 18.4倍 ,而高血压病组Po仅增加了 1.7倍。PGE1 可使高血压病患者肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞KCa通道To延长 ,Tc缩短 ,Po增加。结论　高血压病患者肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞KCa通道活性明显高于非高血压者 ,但对Ca2 +的敏感性降低 ,PGE1 可明显激活高血压病患者肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞KCa通道。     

糖尿病对冠状动脉平滑肌细胞大电导钙激活钾通道的影响

目的 探讨糖尿病对冠状动脉平滑肌细胞大电导钙激活钾通道(BK通道)的影响变化,阐明糖尿病冠状动脉损伤的分子机制.方法 采用链脲霉素腹腔内注射建立大鼠糖尿病动物模型,酶消化法分离冠状动脉平滑肌细胞,全细胞膜片钳实验技术和Western blot分别记录和测定正常和糖尿病大鼠冠状动脉平滑肌细胞BK通道电流和亚基的表达;采用荧光测定方法测定正常和糖尿病大鼠冠状动脉平滑肌细胞内钙离子浓度.结果 当刺激电压＞100 mV时,糖尿病冠状动脉平滑肌细胞BK通道电流密度明显低于正常冠状动脉平滑肌细胞BK通道电流密度(P＜0.05),在刺激电压为150 mV时,电流密度分别为(275±40)pA/pF(n=8)和(70±10)pA/pF(n=6);与正常组比较,糖尿病组BK通道α亚基蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但β1亚基蛋白表达较低(P＜0.05);正常组和糖尿病组冠状动脉平滑肌细胞内钙离于浓度分别为(92±7)nmol/L(n=5)和(151±18)nmol/L(n=6),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 糖尿病冠状动脉平滑肌细胞BK通道β1亚基表达下调、BK通道电流密度下降及细胞内钙离子浓度升高可能是糖尿病冠状动脉功能损伤的重要原因.     

槲皮素对人肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞钙激活钾通道的激活作用

目的:观察槲皮素对人肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞钙激活钾通道(KCa)的影响,以探讨槲皮素在分子水平扩张血管的作用机制.方法:选取需择期行腹部手术并且血压正常的患者14例,取肠系膜动脉小分支,用急性酶消化法获得单个肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞.然后应用单通道细胞膜片钳技术观察不同浓度槲皮素对肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞KCa通道开放概率(NPo)、电流幅度值(Am)、平均开放时间(To)、平均关闭时间(Tc)等各指标的影响.结果:在内面向外式方式下,随着浴液中槲皮素浓度的增高,通道NPo明显增高:槲皮素浓度100μmol/L时,NPo由用药前(即0 μmol/L)的0.028 62±0.011 99增高到0.147 03±0.058 17(P＜0.01);通道Am、To变化不大(P＞0.05);而通道Tc明显缩短:由用药前(477.650±376.650)ms缩短到(112.643±114.365)ms(P＜0.01).结论:槲皮素能直接激活人类血管平滑肌细胞KCa通道而实现降血压效应.     

肺动脉平滑肌细胞上的钙离子通道研究进展

钙离子(Ca2+)为肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMC)内至关重要的第二信史,其细胞内浓度的精细变化直接受到多种Ca2+通道的调控.按照细胞内Ca2+的来源,位于细胞膜上,调控细胞外Ca2+进入细胞的通道称为钙内流通道,位于肌质网上调控内质网/肌质网内钙库的Ca2+释放的通道称为钙释放通道.根据Ca2+通道激活方式的不同,C...     

奥曲肽联合汉防己甲素对人胃癌细胞增殖的影响

目的:观察奥曲肽、汉防己甲素单独及联合应用对体外培养人胃癌细胞株增殖的影响,并初步探讨其可能的作用机制．方法:以MTT比色法观察奥曲肽(善宁)、汉防己甲素 (Tet)单独及联合应用对体外培养人胃癌细胞株SGC 7901和MKN 45增殖的影响,并用Fura-2／AM荧光标记法测定了其对胃癌细胞内游Ca2 浓度的影响．结果:2．4×10-5 mol／L、2．4×10-6 mol／L高浓度奥曲肽、10-160 μmol／L浓度范围的Tet对体外培养人胃癌细胞株SGC 7901和MKN 45均有显著的抑制作用,其增殖抑制率(IR)分别为,对SGC 7901:40．76％、 23．2％和30．5-70．0％;对MKN 45:24．9％、21．7％和 20．4-79．01％(P<0．05或P<0．01);奥曲肽2．4×10-6、2．4 ×10-9、2．4×10-12 mol／L分别与Tet 10 μmol／L联合应用,可将其对SGC7901和MKN 45的IR分别由32．8％和 27．0％提高至50．5％和60．3％、55．0％和47．7％、67．8％和63．0％(vs Tet组P<0．05或P<0．01)．10 μmol／L Tet作用于SGC 7901和MKN 45,其细胞内游离Ca2 浓度较对照组显著降低(394．2±18．4 nmol／L vs 505．0±15．8 nmol／L, 412．1±20．8 nmol／L vs 512．0±16．0 nmol／L,P<0．01);2．4 ×10-6 mol／L奥曲肽亦可显著降低胃癌细胞内的钙离子浓度(SGC 7901 450．8±20．1 nmol／L,P<0．01;MKN45 413．1±10．4 nmol／L,P<0．01)．但奥曲肽联合Tet并不能进一步降低胃癌细胞内钙离子浓度．结论:Tet对体外培养人胃癌细胞有剂量依赖性的抑制作用,其机制可能是通过降低细胞内游离Ca2 浓度发挥其抗增殖作用．高浓度奥曲肽的抗增殖作用亦可能与其抗钙作用有关;各浓度奥曲肽可显著提高小剂量 Tet对胃癌细胞的抑制作用,但与其抗钙作用无关．     

黄芪抑制去甲肾上腺素诱导大鼠心肌细胞内游离钙含量升高的作用

目的 :研究黄芪对去甲肾上腺素 (NE)诱导大鼠心肌细胞内游离钙 [Ca2 + ]i 含量升高的作用。方法 :应用AR CM MIC阳离子检测系统 ,采用Ca2 + 指示剂Fura 2 /AM检测培养新生大鼠单个心肌细胞内游离钙的浓度 ,并观察Am对NE诱导大鼠心肌细胞内 [Ca2 + ]i 升高的影响。结果 :当细胞外Ca2 + 浓度为 1 .3mmol/L时 ,大鼠心肌细胞 [Ca2 + ]i 为 ( 97.1 1 +8.2 1 )nmol/L ,给予 1 0 -5mol/L的NE ,可使大鼠心肌细胞 [Ca2 + ]i 增至 ( 2 91 .73± 1 5 .0 3 )nmol/L,而经黄芪处理的大鼠心肌细胞的 [Ca2 + ]i则由 ( 95 .98±8.1 4)nmol/L增至 ( 1 1 4.2 8± 9.2 9)nmol/L。结论 :NE能诱导大鼠心肌细胞内游离钙含量明显升高 ,黄芪对心肌细胞静息 [Ca2 + ]i无明显影响 ,但能抑制NE诱导大鼠心肌细胞 [Ca2 + ]i 升高     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.