IGF-I对NOD鼠胰岛Fas/FasL表达的影响

目的　观察腹腔注射胰岛素样生长因子 Ⅰ (IGF Ⅰ )对NOD鼠胰岛炎和糖尿病的发生情况以及其对胰岛Fas FasL表达的影响。方法　 2 0只 4周龄NOD雌鼠随机分为 2组 ,每组 10只 ,实验组每周 2次腹腔注射 1mlIGF Ⅰ(40ng ml) ,对照组注射 1ml生理盐水 ,共 8周。实验动物在发生糖尿病 7天后或至 2 0周龄处死 ,观察血清胰岛素及C肽浓度、胰岛HE染色、免疫组织化学染色 检测胰岛Fas FasL的表达。结果　IGF Ⅰ可明显减少NOD鼠胰岛炎和糖尿病的发生 (P <0 .0 1) ;IGF Ⅰ组胰岛Fas的表达少于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;FasL的表达多于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　早期应用IGF Ⅰ腹腔注射可以减少NOD鼠的胰岛炎症和糖尿病发生 ,其机制与Fas FasL介导的胰岛B细胞凋亡有关。     

双歧杆菌对NOD小鼠胰岛Fas和FasL表达的影响

目的观察口服双歧杆菌对NOD小鼠1型糖尿病和胰岛炎发生情况的影响以及口服双歧杆菌后胰岛Fas和FasL表达的情况。方法将4周龄雌性NOD小鼠40只,随机分为两组:实验组(20只)给予双歧杆菌0.25mg/g体重/天(制备成活菌悬液0.5ml),对照组(20只)给予等容积的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)。4周龄开始给药至30周龄,于15周龄时各组分别处死6只小鼠,取胰腺组织HE染色进行胰岛炎评分,采用免疫组化方法观察口服双歧杆菌后NOD小鼠胰岛组织Fas和FasL的改变情况。其余小鼠30周龄时观察发病率,同时观察胰岛炎、Fas和FasL的变化。结果双歧杆菌明显减轻NOD小鼠胰岛炎,减少糖尿病的发生(P<0.05),双歧杆菌组胰岛Fas的表达少于对照组(P<0.01);FasL的表达也有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论早期应用双歧杆菌可以减少NOD小鼠胰岛炎和延缓糖尿病的发生,其机制与Fas/FasL系统介导的胰岛β细胞凋亡有关。     

Fas-FasL在NOD小鼠胰岛炎中的作用

目的分析Fas-FasL在NOD小鼠胰岛炎中的作用。方法取32只分属不同周龄的雌性NOD小鼠,观察其血糖、胰岛HE染色、免疫组织化学染色———检测胰岛素、CD8、Fas、FasL的表达。在分析NOD小鼠胰岛炎中以胰岛或相关细胞为研究单位,从而减少了混杂因素的影响。结果雌性NOD小鼠自6周龄起出现胰岛炎,其评分逐渐增加(P<0.0005),14周龄出现糖尿病。随着胰岛炎的加重:胰岛素阳性细胞减少(P<0.0005),与胰岛炎评分呈负相关(P<0.05);Fas 胰岛细胞增加(P<0.0005),与评分呈正相关(P<0.01);FasL 胰岛细胞出现并逐渐增加(P<0.0005),与评分呈正相关(P<0.01);浸润细胞表达FasL、CD8,均逐渐增加(P<0.0005)。胰岛细胞的Fas与胰岛素表达之间呈负相关、胰岛素与FasL呈负相关、Fas与FasL呈正相关,浸润细胞的CD8与FasL表达呈正相关,P值均小于0.01。结论在NOD小鼠胰岛炎中,Fas-FasL可能参与β细胞损伤及自身免疫负调节。     

口服胰岛素抑制胰岛β细胞凋亡预防NOD鼠糖尿病

目的: 观察口服胰岛素免疫干预对非肥胖糖尿病(non-obese diabetic, NOD)鼠胰岛炎、β细胞凋亡和糖尿病的影响,并探讨其诱导免疫耐受的机制.方法: 86只NOD雌鼠随机分为胰岛素处理组(n=43)和磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline, PBS)对照组(n=43),从4周龄始每周灌胃人普通胰岛素1mg(70μL)2次,12周后改为每周灌胃1次至30周,对照组予等体积的PBS;于12周龄观察胰岛炎和胰岛β细胞凋亡;检测胰岛Fas和FasL的表达;测定血清IL-4和IFN-γ浓度,以及胰岛内I-Aβg7,IL-1β,IFN-γ,Fas,IL-4,TGF-β mRNA和小肠PP(Peyer's Patch)淋巴结IL-4,IFN-γ,TGF-β mRNA的表达水平.结果: NOD鼠口服胰岛素组30周龄和52周龄时发病率为55.6%和70.4%,分别比PBS对照组(85.7%和96.4%)低(P＜0.05).胰岛素组胰岛炎积分比对照组低,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).胰岛素组胰岛Fas抗原表达和β细胞凋亡率均比PBS对照组低(均P＜0.05).胰岛素组胰岛内I-Aβg7,IFN-γ,IL-1β,Fas mRNA和PP淋巴结IFN-γ mRNA表达均较PBS对照组低(均P＜0.05),而IL-4,TGF-β mRNA表达较对照组高(均P＜0.05);胰岛素组血清IL-4比PBS组高,IFN-γ比PBS组低(均P＜0.05).结论:口服胰岛素能诱导NOD鼠的免疫耐受而预防糖尿病的发生,但不能阻断胰岛炎的进展.口服胰岛素能诱导调节性T细胞产生,使全身和胰岛局部T细胞由Th1向Th2转型,从而抑制Fas介导的β细胞凋亡而预防糖尿病.     

NOD鼠胰岛细胞FasL/Fas凋亡通路的动态变化

目的:观察雌性NOD鼠在不同病程时,胰腺细胞因子mRNA和凋亡因子mRNA的表达,及胰岛内细胞因子和凋亡因子蛋白的表达.方法:54只雌性NOD鼠随要分为C1、C2、C3三组各18只,分别于4周龄,15周龄和30周龄(或发病时)处死,摘取胰腺.RT-PCR法检测胰腺IFN-γ、IL-10、Fas,FasL和CPP32mRNA的表达水平.HE染色观察胰岛炎程度.SP免疫组化染色观察胰岛内胰岛细胞及炎症细胞Fas,FasL及CPP32蛋白表达水平.结果:随病程的进展胰腺Fas、IFN-γ mR-NA的表达水平增加(P＜0.05),IL-10mRNA三组间无显著性差异.C2和C3组胰腺FasL、CPP32mRNA水平较C1组明显增强(FasL、P＜0.05;CPP32,P＜0.01),C2与C3组比较无显著差异.胰腺Fas、CPP32mRNA与IFN-γmRNA的表达水平呈正相关(相关系数γ=0.677,0.530),与IL-10mRNA的表达不相关(γ=-0.427,-0.464).免疫组化染色显示:C1、C2、C3组胰岛细胞FasL均高表达,三组间无显著差异(P＞0.05),Fas、CPP32的表达在C1组组弱表达,C2、C3组表达增强.C2、C3与C1组之间均有统计学差异(P＜0.05),C2与C3组比较无显著差异.C1组几无炎症细胞浸润,C2与C3组之间比较炎症细胞Fas、FasL、CPP32的表达无显著性差异.结论:在NOD鼠糖尿病发病中Th1细胞因子起主导作用;FasL/Fas凋亡通路参与NOD鼠胰岛β细胞的破坏;Th1细胞因子IFN-γ能上调胰腺FasL/Fas凋亡通路.     

脂质体与完全弗氏佐剂预防NOD鼠胰岛炎探讨

目的 :探讨完全弗氏佐剂 (CFA)、不完全弗氏佐剂 (IFA)、大复层脂质体 (LML)、小单层阳离子脂质体(DOTAP)对NOD鼠胰岛炎和糖尿病发病的影响。方法 :①将 3周龄的NOD雌鼠随机分为 3组 ,分别给予CFA后脚板注射 (n =16 ) ,IFA和PBS乳化后腹腔注射 (n =16 ) ,单独PBS后脚板注射 (n =16 )。观察 12周龄胰岛病理及 30周龄糖尿病发病情况。②将 3周龄的NOD雌鼠随机分为 3组 ,分别给予大复层脂质体 (LML) (n =13) ,小单层阳离子脂质体 (DOTAP) (n =13) ,单独PBS腹腔注射 (n =13) ,同上观察胰岛病理及糖尿病发病情况。结果 :①CFA后脚板注射能明显降低胰岛炎计分 ,减少糖尿病的发生。 30周龄时 ,CFA组的发病率明显低于PBS后脚板注射对照组 (分别为9 2 %和 81 8% ,P =0 .0 0 1)。 12周龄时 ,CFA组胰岛炎计分明显低于对照组 [分别为 (0 0 5± 0 0 2 )和 (0 5 4± 0 11) ,P<0 .0 0 1]。②LML腹腔注射能明显降低胰岛炎计分。 12周龄时 ,LML组胰岛炎计分明显低于PBS腹腔注射对照组 [分别为 (0 16± 0 0 2 )和 (0 5 8± 0 0 6 ) ,P <0 .0 0 1]。 30周龄时 ,LML组糖尿病发生率为 6 0 % ,对照组为 90 % ,两组间无统计学差异。③在预防胰岛炎的作用上 ,CFA优于LML。结论 :CFA后脚板注射可预防NOD鼠发生糖尿病并减     

雷公藤多甙对非肥胖糖尿病小鼠胰腺和脾脏Fas及其配体表达的影响

目的 观察雷公藤多甙(TWP)对非肥胖糖尿病(NOD)小鼠1型糖尿病的早期干预作用及探讨可能的机制.方法 用环磷酰胺加速发病的NOD小鼠1型糖尿病动物模型,TWP组(30只)小鼠于实验第0～3天和第13～16天每日2次、第4～12天和第17～26天每日1次腹腔注射TWP,每次5 mg/kg;对照组(33只)腹腔注射等量0.9%氯化钠溶液.监测血糖,记录糖尿病发病率,采用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶标记法检测胰岛细胞凋亡,免疫组织化学法检测B细胞胰岛素含量,半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应检测胰腺和脾脏Fas及其配体(FasL)mRNA的表达.结果 TWP组实验结束时的糖尿病发病率为43.3%,显著低于对照组的69.7%(P<0.05).TWP组的凋亡指数为(5.06±0.85)%,显著低于对照组的(9.04±1.02)%(P<0.01).TWP组胰岛素表达阳性细胞所占百分比为(57.25±11.69)%,略高于对照组的(46.50±11.25)%(P>0.05).TWP组的胰腺组织Fas mRNA半定量值为0.30±0.11,略低于对照组的0.35±0.05(P>0.05);TWP组的胰腺组织FasL mRNA半定量值为0.80±0.11,显著低于对照组的1.33±0.17(P<0.05).TWP组的脾脏组织Fas和FasL mRNA半定量值分别为0.40±0.,9和1.29±0.17,均显著高于对照组的0.27±0.06和1.06±0.10(P值均<0.05).结论 TWP可预防NOD鼠糖尿病的发生,其机制可能与增加脾脏T淋巴细胞Fas和FasL表达及凋亡,降低胰腺Fas和FasL表达,减少胰岛B细胞凋亡有关.     

皮下注射胰岛素抑制胰岛β细胞凋亡预防NOD鼠糖尿病

目的：观察皮下注射胰岛素免疫干预对非肥胖糖尿病（non-obese diabetic,NOD）鼠胰岛炎、B细胞凋亡和糖尿病的影响,并探讨其诱导免疫耐受的机制。方法：60只NOD雌鼠随机分为胰岛素处理组（n=34）和磷酸盐缓冲液（phosphate buffered saline,PBS）对照组（n=28）,分别于4周、12周、20周、28周皮下注射中效胰岛素优泌林N（Humulin N）6U（60μL）＋不完全弗氏佐剂（incomplete Freund＇s adjuvant,IFA）60μL,对照组予PBS（60μL）＋IFA（60μL）。于12周龄观察胰岛炎和胰岛B细胞凋亡;检测胰岛Fas和FasL的表达;测定血清IL-4和IFN-γ浓度,以及胰岛内I-Aβ^x7,IL-1β,IFN-γ,Fas,IL-4 mRNA的表达水平。结果：NOD鼠皮下注射胰岛素加IFA组30周龄和52周龄时发病率仅为21．4％和28．6％,而皮下PBS加IFA组为71．4％和85．7％（P〈0．05）。胰岛素组胰岛炎积分比对照组低,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。胰岛素组胰岛Fas抗原表达和B细胞凋亡率均比PBS对照组低（均P〈0．05）。胰岛素组胰岛内I-Aβ^x7,IFN-γ,IL-1β,FasmRNA表达较PBS对照组低（均P〈0．05）,而IL-4mRNA表达较对照组高（P〈0．05）;胰岛素组血清IL-4比PBS组高,IFN-γ比PBS组低（均P〈0．05）。结论：皮下注射胰岛素能诱导NOD鼠的免疫耐受而预防糖尿病的发生,但不能阻断胰岛炎的进展。皮下注射胰岛素能诱导调节性T细胞产生,使全身和胰岛局部T细胞由,Th1向Th2转型,从而抑制Fas介导的B细胞凋亡而预防糖尿病。     

黄芪多糖对非肥胖糖尿病鼠胰岛超微结构及氧化凋亡因子表达的影响

目的探讨黄芪多糖(APS)对非肥胖糖尿病(NOD)小鼠1型糖尿病(DM)免疫干预的分子机制。方法20只NOD小鼠随机分为APS干预组和生理盐水(NS)对照组,观察两组NOD鼠DM发生率和胰岛电镜超微结构,应用RT-CPR检测两组小鼠胰腺内Fas、iNOS、Bcl-2、SOD mRNA的表达水平。结果APS组1型DM发生率较对照组明显降低(APS组3/10,30%;NS组9/10,90%),平均发病时间也明显延缓[APS组(26.25±5.68)周,NS组(21.8±6.78)周,P<0.05]。ASP组胰岛超微结构保存完好,β细胞胞核、核膜完整,内质网无扩张、线粒体无增多,分泌颗粒丰富。RT-PCR结果显示,APS组Fas、iNOS的mRNA表达水平明显下调,Bcl-2、SOD的mRNA表达水平明显上调。结论APS能纠正NOD小鼠氧化或凋亡的免疫失衡状态,预防或延缓1型糖尿病的发生。     

肿瘤浸润性树突状细胞在子宫内膜癌中的凋亡及其Fas、FasL表达意义

目的探讨子宫内膜癌浸润性树突状细胞(TIDC)凋亡及其凋亡相关蛋白Fas/FasL的表达意义。方法利用S-100单克隆抗体和DNA缺口末端标记(TUNEL法)相结合,分析45例子宫内膜癌组织中TIDC凋亡状况;通过免疫组织化学双重染色方法检测TIDC表面Fas/FasL分子表达。结果子宫内膜癌组织中TIDC凋亡发生率显著高于子宫内膜组织中树突状细胞凋亡发生率[(13.02±0.64)%vs(6.82±0.53)%,P<0.05];子宫内膜癌组织TIDC膜表面Fas表达显著低于正常子宫内膜组织(7.88±1.05 vs 19.25±3.03,P<0.05),子宫内膜癌组织TIDC膜表面FasL表达显著高于正常子宫内膜组织(12.95±2.25 vs 7.51±1.14,P<0.05)。结论子宫内膜癌组织中TIDC凋亡增加及Fas、FasL在TIDC上表达失衡,可能导致子宫内膜癌免疫逃逸发生。     

CFA对NOD鼠胰岛素和糖尿病的预防机制研究

The degrees of insulitis, the incidence of diabetes, and the counts of alpha,beta and delta cells in islets were studied by morphological method and avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemical method in complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA) or normal saline(NS)-treated non-obese diabetic(NOD) female mice. The results showed: The incidences of in-insulitis and the scoring means were significantly lower in CFA-treated mice than those in NS-treated ones; none of 5 CFA-treated mice and 3 out of 5 NS-treated ones developed diabetes. The positive rates of alpha, and delta cells were significantly lower in CFA-treated mice than those in NS-treated ones, but the positive rate of beta cell was significantly higher in CFA-treated mice than that in NS-treated ones. The correlations were found among the scores of insulitis and the positive rates of alpha, beta, delta cells in islets (r alpha = 0.475, r beta = -0.878, r delta = 0.869). The results indicate that CFA may lessen the degrees of insulitis and the incidence of diabetes. Its effects might be related to lessen the damage of beta cell in islets.     

脂质体与完全费氏佐剂预防NOD鼠胰岛炎探讨

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), incomplete Freund's adjuvant(IFA), large multilamellar liposome (LML) and small cationic liposome (DOTAP) on insulitis and diabetes. METHODS: 1. 3-week-old non-obese diabetic(NOD) female mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: CFA group (injected subcutaneously in the hind footpad, n = 16), IFA group (injected intraperitoneally, n = 16) and PBS group (injected subcutaneously in the hind footpad, n = 16). Three mice from each group (9 in total) were killed at the age of 12 weeks for the analysis of pancreatic pathology, and the others were not killed until they were 30 weeks old for diabetes incidence. 2. 3-week-old NOD female mice were randomly divided into 3 groups and injected intraperitoneally with LML (n = 13), DOTAP (n = 13) and PBS (n = 13), respectively. The insulitis score and diabetes incidence were estimated in the same way. RESULTS: 1. CFA injected subcutaneously in the hind footpad could significantly reduce the insulitis score and decrease diabetes incidence in NOD mice. At the age of 30 weeks, the incidence of diabetes in the CFA group was lower than that in the PBS group (injected subcutaneously in the hind footpad) (9.2% vs 81.8%, P = 0.001). At the age of 12 weeks, the insulitis score in the CFA group was lower than that in the control group [(0.05 +/- 0.02) vs (0.54 +/- 0.11), P < 0.001]. 2. LML injected intraperitoneally could significantly reduce the insulitis score in NOD mice. At the age of 12 weeks, the insulitis score in the LML group was lower than that in the PBS control group (injected intraperitoneally) [(0.16 +/- 0.02) vs (0.58 +/- 0.06), P < 0.001]. At the age of 30 weeks, there were no significant differences in the diabetes incidence between the LML group and the PBS group (60% vs 90%). 3. The protective effect of CFA was better than that of LML in NOD mice. CONCLUSION: CFA injected subcutaneously in the hind footpad may prevent NOD mice from developing diabetes and reduce the insulitis severity. Although the protective effect of CFA is better than that of LML, LML can lessen the insulitis severity and may become a new preventive strategy in NOD mice.     

Oral administration of insulin to female nonobese diabetic mice inhibited diabetes and induced Fas ligand expression on islets of Langerhans

Objective To detect oral administration of recombinant human insulin to nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice for preventing them from diabetes and insulitis and to detect the effects of oral administration of insulin on Fas and Fas ligand expression on islet of Langerhans. Methods Sixty-four female NOD mice were divided into two groups.One group (34) was orally administered recombination human insulin 1 mg in 500 μl PBS and the other (30) 500 μl PBS only at age of 5 weeks old, twice a week for the first week, then weekly until 30 weeks of age. Results Oral administration of insulin to female NOD mice can significantly suppress diabetes and insulitis.The insulitis was less severe in the group fed with insulin than that in the control group (score of insulitis: 1.25±0.45 vs 3.0±0.76 at 16 weeks of age, P&lt;0.01).We examined Fas ligand and Fas expression on islets of Langerhans in both groups of NOD mice by using immunohistochemical techniques.We find that Fas only expressed on islets when the mice suffered the diabetes, whereas Fas ligand expressed on islets of the mice fed with insulin at 16 and 20 week of ages.We did not find Fas ligand positive staining on the islet feeding with PBS. Conclusion We speculated that oral insulin may induce Fas ligand expression on the islets and plays a role in protecting the pancreatic β-cell from autoimmune destruction.These results show that oral insulin affected autoimmune diabetes and insulitis in NOD mice.The immune mechanism of oral tolerance is closely related to the change of Fas ligand and Fas system.     

完全弗氏佐剂诱导脾脏T淋巴细胞凋亡预防非肥胖性糖尿病鼠1型糖尿病

为探讨脾脏T淋巴细胞凋亡在完全弗氏佐剂（CFA）预防非肥胖性糖尿病（NOD）鼠糖尿病中的作用，42只NOD雌鼠随机分成CFA组（21只）和磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）组（21只），3周龄时于鼠后脚板注射CFA50μl/只和PBS50μl／只。按不同的观察时间分6周、12周和30周3个观察组。采用TUNEL末端标记法和免疫组织化学方法观察脾脏T淋巴细胞凋亡情况。结果显示：CFA诱导脾脏成熟的CD4^ T淋巴细胞凋亡，但不能诱导成熟的CD8^ T淋巴细胞凋亡；CFA能预防NOD鼠糖尿病的发生。提示CFA可通过诱导脾脏T淋巴细胞凋亡，以减少外周的CD4^ T淋巴细胞，达到预防NOD鼠1型糖尿病。     

人谷氨酸脱羧酶65 DNA疫苗预防非肥胖糖尿病小鼠糖尿病的机制探讨

目的　探讨人谷氨酸脱羧酶 6 5 (GAD6 5 )DNA疫苗预防非肥胖糖尿病 (NOD)小鼠糖尿病的作用机制。方法　 (1) 6 2只 4周龄NOD雌鼠分为PBS(2 1只 )、PcDNA(2 0只 )、GAD6 5 (2 1只 ) 3组 ,由胫前肌分别注射PBS、质粒PcDNA3 1、人GAD6 5DNA疫苗 5 0 μg ,1周后重复 1次。观察 30周龄的累积糖尿病发病率。 (2 )各组取 12周龄未发病NOD鼠 (n =10 )胰腺HE染色观察胰岛炎 ;并用末端脱氧核糖核酸缺口标记法 (TUNEL)加SABC法检测胰岛 β细胞凋亡 ;ELISA法测定血清、脾细胞培养上清干扰素γ(IFN γ)和白细胞介素 4 (IL 4 )水平 ;RT PCR半定量检测脾脏IL 4、IFN γ和核因子NF ATc、NF ATpmRNA表达水平。结果　 (1) 30周龄时 ,PBS、PcDNA、GAD6 5组发病率分别为 95 2 %、80 0 %、6 1 9%。GAD6 5组发病率低于PBS组 (P =0 0 0 8)。 (2 ) 12周龄时GAD6 5组胰岛炎积分 (0 99± 0 71)和胰岛 β细胞凋亡率 (0 75 % )均低于PBS组 (2 16± 0 78,P =0 0 0 1;8 97% ,P=0 0 14 )和PcDNA组 (1 72± 0 5 9,P =0 0 2 7;2 6 5 % ,P =0 0 2 3)。GAD6 5组脾脏NF ATc、IL 4mRNA相对吸光度值及血清IL 4水平分别为 1 93± 0 34、0 70± 0 16、36 pg/ml± 8pg/ml,显著高于PBS组 (0 79± 0 15、0 4 9± 0 11、19pg/ml     

人GLP-1(7-36)酰胺对非肥胖型糖尿病小鼠胰岛β细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨人胰高糖素样肽1(GLP-1)对非肥胖型糖尿病(NOD)小鼠胰岛β细胞凋亡的影响。方法 GLP-1治疗组小鼠用微型渗透泵皮下持续泵入人GLP-1,对照组小鼠泵入生理盐水,4周后将其胰腺组织做HE染色、TUNEL/胰岛素双重免疫荧光染色,显微镜下观察小鼠胰岛炎的变化及胰岛β细胞的凋亡情况。结果与对照组相比,GLP-1治疗组小鼠胰岛单核细胞浸润明显减轻,胰岛炎评分明显下降(P<0.001)。在对照组小鼠胰腺组织切片中观察到较多凋亡β细胞,而在GLP-1治疗组却很少见到。GLP-1治疗组小鼠胰岛β细胞凋亡率与对照组小鼠相比明显下降(0.07±0.01%vs0.26±0.02%,P<0.001)。结论人GLP-1持续刺激NOD小鼠后,可使1型糖尿病小鼠胰岛炎减轻并抑制β细胞凋亡。