石家庄市7～13岁儿童肥胖及家庭聚集性调查研究

目的 调查石家庄市7～13岁儿童超质量率和肥胖率以及肥胖儿童家庭肥胖集聚性比例.方法 采用营养流行病学研究方法,对石家庄市95 292例7～13岁儿童进行体检,调查石家庄市学龄儿童超质量肥胖率.按照整群抽样的方法选取450例超质量肥胖儿童进行膳食行为、生活方式、肥胖儿童家庭聚集性调查.结果 ①石家庄市7～13岁儿童超质量率27.4%,肥胖率13.2%.儿童超质量肥胖率在性别、年龄方面,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.②肥胖家庭聚集性比例20.3%,超质量家庭聚集性比例75.3%.Ⅰ代亲属超质量率54.6%,肥胖率14.1%.Ⅱ代亲属超质量率53.1%,肥胖率13.7%.不同年龄儿童肥胖家庭聚集性比例不同,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.肥胖家庭聚集性在性别、出生体质量、家庭收入方面,差异无统计学意义.结论 石家庄市7～13岁儿童超质量和肥胖率较高.超质量肥胖儿童家庭存在集聚性而且肥胖家庭聚集性比例较高.所以需要探索对家庭成员实施整体干预的肥胖干预新模式,从而达到有效控制和改善儿童肥胖的目的.     

郑州地区儿童超质量、肥胖及高血压的调查研究

目的 调查郑州地区6～13岁儿童超质量、肥胖与高血压患病情况.方法 采取整群抽样的方法选取郑州市区及郊县共5所学校6～13岁的儿童6 790人,对其身高、体质量进行测定,计算体质量指数(BMI),对每位学生进行血压检测.结果 共调查6～13岁儿童6 790人,其中市区小学3 481人(51.33％),郊县小学3 309人(48.67％);男童3 781人,女童3 009人;超质量率9.16％,肥胖率4.12％,高血压检出率5.57％.城区的儿童超质量比例高于郊县的儿童(P＜0.01).男童超质量与肥胖的比例均高于女童(P＜0.01).11～＜12岁组与12～＜13岁组儿童超质量比例高于其他年龄组(P＜0.01),其中12～＜13岁组为12.56％,9～＜10岁组肥胖比例均高于其他年龄组(P＜0.01).市区儿童高血压检出率明显高于郊县儿童,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);男童明显高于女童,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);各年龄组儿童高血压捡出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).超质量儿童的高血压检出率为25.56％,肥胖检出率为70.36％,肥胖儿童高血压检出率(70.36％)高于超质量儿童(25.56％),超质量儿童的高血压检出率高于正常体质量儿童(0.37％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 郑州地区6～13岁儿童超质量、肥胖与高血压检出率处于全国中等水平,但政府、学校与家长也应给予高度重视,早期干预,避免成年后不良结局的出现.     

深圳市罗湖区儿童青少年肥胖的现况调查

目的了解深圳市罗湖区6～12岁儿童青少年超重与肥胖的流行特征,为成年期疾病的早期预防提供相关依据。方法采用随机整群抽样法,随机抽取深圳市罗湖区4所小学1140名6～12岁学生进行问卷调查并测量身高、体重等生长发育指标。结果深圳市6～12岁儿童采用身高标准体重法,超重和肥胖检出率分别为13．82％和7．33％;采用BMI／Kaup指数评价方法调查儿童肥胖率为30．87％。男童的超重和肥胖患病率均高于女童;调查儿童肥胖超重比（OOR）为1．90,预示学龄前儿童发生肥胖的危险相当高。结论深圳罗湖区6～12岁儿童青少年肥胖流行形势严峻,在小学生中开展肥胖的预防与控制势在必行。     

温州市小学儿童体格发育状况及超重、肥胖情况

目的 了解温州市小学儿童身高、体质量发育状况及超重、肥胖流行现状,为做好预防肥胖提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法选择温州市小学儿童体格检查,测量身高和体质量,计算体质量指数（BMI）值,以中国肥胖工作组制定的标准筛查超重、肥胖,以超重、肥胖发生率作为指标.结果 温州市6～12岁小学儿童身高每年增加5 cm,12岁以后增长速度变缓;男生身高、体质量均高于女生,城区学生身高、体质量略高于农村学生,温州市6～13岁小学儿童总体超重率和肥胖率分别为11.2％和6.4％,男生超重率和肥胖率分别为12.9％和7.9％;女生超重率和肥胖率分别为9.2％和4.6％.除13岁组男生超重率外,其余各年龄组超重率和肥胖率均高于女生,（均P＜ 0.01）;随着年龄增加超重率和肥胖率均降低（均P＜0.01）.结论 温州市小学儿童生长发育情况符合我国儿童青少年体格发育的一般规律;温州市小学儿童总体超重率和肥胖率高于浙江省平均水平,男生高于女生,男生和女生超重率和肥胖率均随年龄增加而降低,预防儿童肥胖刻不容缓.     

四川省农村地区7岁以下儿童体格发育现状分析

目的了解四川省农村地区7岁以下儿童体格发育情况,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法以分层随机整群抽样的方法,共抽取四川省农村地区7岁以下儿童9187人作为调查对象,进行了体重、身高、坐高、头围、胸围的测量和问卷调查。结果在体重方面除0—30d无差别（P〉0．05）外,其余各年龄组男童均高于女童（P〈0．05）;而胸围和头围除0～30d和2～3个月组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）外,其余各年龄组男童均高于女童（P〈0．05）。在体重、身高、坐高、胸围方面,男、女童大多数年龄组低于1995年全国指标,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在头围方面,1岁前,男、女童大多年龄组也低于全国指标。结论四川省农村地区7岁以下儿童体格发育低于全国指标,必须多方面采取措施,加强农村儿童保健工作。     

银川市小学生肥胖状况调查分析

为了解银川市小学生营养状况，依据《中国学生7－22岁身高标准体重值》为评价标准，对银川市两所小学1721名学生的营养状况进行调查。结果肥胖者247人，肥胖率为14．30％。其中轻度肥胖占53．04％，明显肥胖占46．96％，肥胖率男生（17．02％）高于女生（11．47％）（P＜0．05）；轻度肥胖率男性（8．85％）高于女生（6．28％）（P＜0．05）；明显肥胖率男生（8．81％）高于女生（5．20％）（P＜0．05）。应重视肥胖者呈逐渐增多的趋势和加强健康教育活动。     

枣庄市台儿庄不同年龄段儿童锌、铁缺乏情况调查分析

目的:通过对枣庄市台儿庄地区不同年龄段儿童体内锌、铁元素含量的检测,了解本地区儿童缺锌和缺铁情况,并探讨导致这种情况的相关因素,为预防和治疗本地区儿童的锌、铁缺乏症提供依据.方法:2011年1月～2011年4月,我院对台儿庄地区0～12岁儿童体内的锌、铁含量进行普查.按照受检儿童的年龄将其分为0～1岁组、1～3岁组、3～7岁组和7～12岁组.比较不同年龄段儿童的缺铁和缺锌情况.结果:0～1岁组儿童铁缺乏症的发病率最高,7～12岁组儿童铁缺乏症的发病率位居其次.将同一年龄组内男童和女童的铁缺乏情况进行比较,0～1岁组、1～3岁组和3～7岁组男童和女童的这一情况无统计学差异(P＞0.05),而7～12岁组男童和女童的这一情况有显著统计学差异(P＜0.01).1～3岁组儿童锌缺乏症的发病率最高,0～1岁组儿童的这一情况位居其次.将同一年龄组内男童和女童的这一情况进行比较,均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).0～1岁组儿童铁缺乏症的发病率高于锌缺乏症的发病率,1～3岁组儿童锌缺乏症的发病率高于铁缺乏症的发病率,3～7岁组儿童锌、铁缺乏症的发病率无显著差异,7～12岁组儿童铁缺乏症的发病率高于锌缺乏症的发病率.结论:枣庄市台儿庄地区不同年龄段儿童锌、铁缺乏症的分布不同,预防和治疗本地区儿童的锌、铁缺乏症应根据本地区儿童发生锌、铁缺乏的年龄段分别采取不同的措施.     

成都市城区6～12岁儿童超重和肥胖的流行现状

目的 为了解成都市城区学龄期儿童超重及肥胖的情况,及时对超重及肥胖儿童进行干预和治疗.方法 选取成都市3个城区6所小学共3769名6～12岁健康儿童进行调查,以身高别体重为参数,以WHO肥胖的诊断标准为依据.结果 儿童超重率和肥胖率分别为8.9%和8.5%,总体肥胖-超重比为1.05.肥胖发生率在7～10岁有随年龄增高的趋势,而在11～12岁有随年龄下降的趋势,10岁组肥胖率最高.整体人群中男童肥胖的发生率＞女童,χ2＝29.38,P＜0.01.结论 成都市城区学龄儿童超重及肥胖的发生率虽然远低于国外发达国家,但与国内城市比较仍处于一个较高的水平;特别是学龄期男孩的肥胖应该引起我们的高度重视.     

民和县758名学龄前儿童蛲虫感染情况调查

蛲虫病是儿童常见才一种肠道传染病，严重影响着儿童身心健康．为摸清我县学龄前儿童蛲虫感染情况，我们对县城10所机关托儿所和7个学前班758名儿童进行了调查．采用透明胶纸拭贴法，在肛门周围皱折处取卵镜检。调查结果显示，总霞染率为15．51％（118／758），其中男童为16．27％（62／381），女童为14．85％（56／377），性别间绕虫感染率无显著差异（X'一0．29，P＞0．05）；3～5岁组感染率为12．38％（4O／323），6～7岁组为1793％（78／435），大年龄组感染率高于低年龄组，差别有显著意义（丁一434，P＜0．05）。扶虫感染途径繁多，…     

1530名儿童抗-HBs定量检测结果研究

目的 了解1～15岁儿童乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)阳性率,为乙肝疫苗加强免疫提供依据.方法 采用双抗原夹心时间分辨免疫荧光分析法对1 530例1～15岁儿童进行抗-HBs检测.结果 1～15岁儿童抗-HBs阳性率为60.26％.其中男性抗-HBs阳性率为55.88％,明显低于女性的64.45％(P＜0.01);1～6岁年龄组抗-HBs阳性率为64.00％,明显高于7～12岁年龄组的57.48％和13～15岁年龄组的57.14％ (P＜0.05),但7～12岁年龄组与13～15岁年龄组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);13～15岁年龄组与7～12岁年龄组和1～6岁年龄组的抗-HBs滴度水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 本地区儿童抗-HBs阳性率存在人群差异,可能与年龄、性别相关,且随年龄的增长而有所下降.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.