慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期103例中医证型聚类分析

[目的]探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者中医证候分布特征,为临床辨证论治提供依据.[方法]运用聚类分析的统计学方法,对103例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者的临床资料和证候信息进行分析.[结果]临床辨证分为9种证型,其中痰热蕴肺证占40.77％,气虚血瘀、痰浊壅肺证占22.33％,肝火犯肺、痰热蕴肺证占15.53％,气阴两虚、痰浊壅肺证占9.71％;证候聚类分析后归纳为4型,其中痰热蕴肺证所占比例最大(46.60％),其次为气虚血瘀证、痰浊壅肺(27.18％),肝火犯肺、痰热蕴肺证(16.50％),气阴两虚、痰浊壅肺证(7.77％);聚类证候分型与临床辨证分型一致性较高.[结论]将聚类分析的方法运用于证候研究具有积极意义,能为临床治疗提供相对可靠的辨证依据,为科学地进行中医疗效评估打下基础.     

3096例慢性阻塞性肺疾病住院患者的临床及中医证候特征分析

【目的】通过对广东省中医院的医院信息系统(HIS)中慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)住院患者的信息分析,了解广州市COPD患者的临床特征及中医证候特征。【方法】以2015～2017年广东省中医院HIS系统中的3 096例COPD住院患者信息为数据库,使用频数分析方法分析患者的临床特征及中医证候特征,以及急性加重住院的节气分布情况。【结果】(1)3 096例COPD住院患者的年龄中位数为77岁,高峰年龄为75～89岁,男性患者是女性患者的4.86倍。(2)心血管疾病占合并病首位,肺部感染是COPD患者急性加重的主要原因,糖尿病是常见合并病。(3)COPD患者多表现虚实夹杂的证候,虚证前3位依次为肺脾肾虚证、肺脾两虚证和肺气亏虚证,实证前3位依次为痰湿阻肺证、湿热瘀阻证和痰热壅肺证。痰、虚、热、瘀是COPD患者的主要病性证素,肺、脾、肾是主要病位证素。(4)COPD患者急性加重入院的时间在各节气分布较均匀,其中较多的节气依次为雨水、冬至、芒种、夏至、惊蛰、小寒。【结论】COPD住院患者以高龄男性居多;痰、虚、热、瘀是本病的病机要点;在广州地区,COPD患者不仅在冬季容易出现急性加重,在夏季温度高、湿度大的节气也同样高发。     

2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压证型分析

目的观察2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压患者的中医证候分布和演变规律。方法共收集318例2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压患者的病历资料,对患者的证型进行分析,并按病程分层对证候演变规律进行分析。结果 318例患者中,单纯虚证68例,占21.4%;单纯实证27例,占8.5%;虚实夹杂证223例,占70.1%。病程0～2年者可见以痰(湿)热互结为主的实证,病程2年以上者气阴两虚证最为多见,病程10年以上者多见脾肾阳虚证、阴阳两虚证。随着病程延长,血瘀证逐渐增多。结论随着病程进展,2型糖尿病合并高血压的证型由热盛津伤、痰热互结逐渐向肝肾阴虚、气阴两虚、脾肾阳虚、阴阳两虚证转化,血瘀证、痰浊证是贯穿于整个病程的常见兼夹证。     

肺结核合并支气管结核中医证候分布规律初探

目的 研究肺结核合并支气管结核中医证候分布规律.方法 通过临床调查研究,收集200例已明确诊断为肺结核合并支气管结核患者的常见中医症状、体征及舌脉信息,采用SPSS 13.0软件描述性分析肺结核合并支气管结核的流行病学特征,以中医理论为指导,运用聚类分析的方法,研究肺结核合并支气管结核证候分布规律,确立诊断标准.结果 肺结核合并支气管结核的证型中以气阴两虚型最多,为102例,占51％;其次为肺阴虚型68例,占17％;痰热壅肺型30例,占15％.结论 肺结核合并支气管结核辨证分为气阴两虚型、肺阴虚型、痰热壅肺型.构成比例由高至低依次为气阴两虚型、肺阴虚型、痰热壅肺型.提示临床治疗肺结核合并支气管结核,在养阴生津的同时,可根据不同证型注意给予益气、化痰药物的应用.     

2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压证型分析

目的 观察2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压患者的中医证候分布和演变规律.方法 共收集318例2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压患者的病历资料,对患者的证型进行分析,并按病程分层对证候演变规律进行分析.结果 318例患者中,单纯虚证68例,占21.4%;单纯实证27例,占8.5%;虚实夹杂证223例,占70.1%.病程0～2年者可见以痰(湿)热互结为主的实证,病程2年以上者气阴两虚证最为多见,病程10年以上者多见脾肾阳虚证、阴阳两虚证.随着病程延长,血瘀证逐渐增多.结论 随着病程进展,2型糖尿病合并高血压的证型由热盛津伤、痰热互结逐渐向肝肾阴虚、气阴两虚、脾肾阳虚、阴阳两虚证转化,血瘀证、痰浊证是贯穿于整个病程的常见兼夹证.     

2型糖尿病中医证候与同型半胱氨酸的相关性

目的:探讨2型糖尿病常见中医证候患者的血清同型半胱氨酸分布特征。方法:在2018年1月—2019年8月本院所收治2型糖尿病患者中按照中医证候的不同分别抽取气阴两虚型28例、阴虚热盛型16例、阴阳两虚型21例,另选取正常人25例作为对照组,对四组入选对象的血清同型半胱氨酸水平进行测定分析。结果:糖尿病组患者血清Hcy水平明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0. 05);三组糖尿病组患者按照血清Hcy水平排列依次为,阴阳两虚组>气阴两虚组>阴虚热盛组,组间对比结果具有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论:血清同型半胱氨酸水平升高是2型糖尿病的主要特征之一,且不同中医证候患者的血清同型半胱氨酸水平分布存在明显差异。     

糖尿病合并尿路感染的临床特点及中医证型分布规律研究

【目的】探索糖尿病合并尿路感染的临床特点及中医证型分布规律,以期为糖尿病合并尿路感染的中医临床辨证施治提供客观依据。【方法】采用回顾性研究方法,选取2010年1月至2020年12月广东省中医院收治的明确诊断为糖尿病合并尿路感染的300例患者为研究对象,观察其不同性别、年龄的中医证型分布情况,以及糖尿病病程及空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平与并发尿路感染的关系。【结果】(1)性别、年龄分布:糖尿病合并尿路感染患者中,以女性为主,占88.33%(265/300),而男性较少,仅占11.67%(35/300),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);患者以60～70岁年龄段为主,其次为70～80岁和50～60岁年龄段,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)中医证型分布:以肝肾阴虚夹痰瘀证为主,占87.67%(263/300),与非肝肾阴虚夹痰瘀证比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)不同性别、年龄段的中医证型分布:不论男性还是女性,均以肝肾阴虚夹痰瘀证为主;湿热互结证主要集中于40～50岁,肝肾阴虚夹痰瘀证和气阴两虚证主要集中于60～70岁,阴阳两虚证主要集中于80岁以上患者;不同性别、年龄的中医证型分布情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(4)糖尿病病程≥120个月(10年)以及发病期间FBG≥7 mmol/L、2hPG≥10 mmol/L、HbAlc≥7%的患者,并发尿路感染的机率明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。【结论】糖尿病合并尿路感染多发生在中老年人,以女性为多见,肝肾阴虚夹痰瘀证是其最常见证型,且不同性别、年龄段的中医证型分布有所不同;糖尿病合并尿路感染的发生与糖尿病病程及FBG、2hPG、HbAlc水平有关。     

大肠息肉发病位置及中医证候特点分析

【目的】探究广东地区大肠息肉发病位置及中医证候分布规律,了解不同人群大肠息肉发病特点。【方法】选取广州中医药大学第二附属医院876例大肠息肉患者,统计其性别、年龄、身高、体质量、发病部位及中医证候资料,进行横断面回顾性分析。【结果】(1)大肠息肉患者中,全结肠型发病率最高(占42.24%),其次为左半结肠型(占33.90%),右半结肠型发率最低(占23.86%);发病部位以直肠(占44.86%)、乙状结肠(占39.04%)和横结肠(占37.90%)多见。(2)不同年龄阶段人群,大肠息肉发病类型不同(P=0.001),青年人群以左半结肠型多见(占49.53%),中年人群和老年人群以全结肠型和右半结肠型发病率较高。(3)大肠息肉患者的中医证候分布以脾虚湿滞证最多见(占78.08%),其次为脾胃虚弱证(占10.38%)和湿热瘀阻证(占8.56%);不同性别人群中医证候分布不同(P 0.001),男性患者的湿热瘀阻证(占13.91%)较女性多见(P 0.05),而女性患者的脾胃虚弱证(12.77%)较男性多见(P 0.05);不同年龄阶段人群的中医证候分布不同(P 0.05),青年人群以脾虚湿滞证多见(占86.92%),中年人群以脾虚湿滞证(占78.51%)和湿热瘀阻证(占11.34%)多见,老年人群以脾虚湿滞证(占75.58%)和脾胃虚弱证(占12.44%)多见。【结论】大肠息肉的筛查应注意发病位置的差异及其在不同性别和年龄人群中的分布,以提高检出率;大肠息肉以脾虚湿滞证为其常见中医证候,不同性别和年龄阶段的大肠息肉患者的中医证候分布不同,临床应结合分布特点加以辨证施治。     

2型糖尿病血脂异常的中医证候研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病血脂代谢紊乱的中医证候分布规律,中医证候与血脂变化之间的相关性.方法 调查60例2型糖尿病血脂代谢紊乱患者,记录一般情况,调查中医证候,记录总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量.结果 60例患者中,痰浊阻遏证21例,脾肾阳虚证2例,气阴两虚证17例,阴虚阳亢证8例,气滞血瘀证5例,无证可辨7例.各证型患者TC、LDL-C、TG、HDL-C值无显著性差异,气阴两虚组与痰浊阻遏组间体重指数有显著性差异,HDL-C减低的男女患者人数有显著性差异.结论 在各证型构成比中,以痰浊阻遏证最多(35.0%),脾肾阳虚证最少(3.3%);体重指数在各组间以痰浊阻遏证组最高,气阴两虚证组最低;男性HDL-C减低人数较女性为多.     

咳嗽变异性哮喘中医证候分布特点及其相关因素分析

目的:研究咳嗽变异性哮喘的中医证候分布规律和证候特征.方法:采取前瞻性调查研究的方法,制定临床证候调查表,对100例咳嗽变异性哮喘患者进行调查,并对中医证型、咯痰症状、证候要素及不同诱因分布等相关因素进行统计分析.结果:证候分布中,主要为风犯肺卫37例(37％);咯痰症状分布中,主要为白痰(78％);证候要素分布中,构成比大于50％的,本虚有气虚,标实有风、寒、燥;不同诱因分布中,以冷空气为主,达66％.结论:咳嗽变异性哮喘的基本病机为本虚标实,以气虚为本,以风寒、肝郁为标.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.