心电图对非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征危险分层的价值

目的探讨心电图变化对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者危险分层的价值。方法自2006年1月-2007年7月，在我院因急性胸痛拟诊不稳定型心绞痛及非ST段抬高心肌梗死而收入住院且记录资料完整的616例患者。人院后采集病史、查体，并在10min内完成常规18导联心电图检查，将患者人院时心电图的改变分为ST段压低组（包括伴有T波倒置者）、单纯T波倒置组、尚不能诊断的心电图组及正常心电图组；又将ST段压低组分为：胸前导联（V4-V6）ST段压低合并负向T波、胸前导联ST段压低合并正向T波、其他导联ST段压低合并正向T波、其他导联ST段压低合并负向T波4组。观察各组住院期主要心血管事件（心脏性死亡、非致命性心肌梗死、反复缺血性心绞痛发作），并随访1-12（7．2±3．8）个月，观察主要心血管事件变化。结果与正常心电图组比较；ST段压低组的复合心血管事件明显增多。胸前导联ST段压低合并T波倒置组的患者较其他导联ST段压低合并或不合并T波倒置组的复合心血管事件明显增多。结论．心电图的ST段变化对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者的危险分层及心血管事件预测均有重要价值。     

窦性心率震荡在不稳定性心绞痛患者危险分层中的作用

目的探讨窦性心率震荡（HRT）现象在不稳定性心绞痛（UA）患者危险分层中的作用。方法行冠状动脉造影的UA患者共248例,其中中低危患者103例,高危患者145例。分别记录24 h动态心电图和12导联心电图,测定震荡初始值（TO）、震荡斜率（TS）、ST段压低程度、肌钙蛋白（cTnI）和冠状动脉Gensini积分。HRT0为TO〈0并且TS〉2.5 ms/RR;HRT1为TO≥0或者TS≤2.5 ms/RR;HRT2为TO≥0并且TS≤2.5 ms/RR。结果与中低危组相比,高危组患者HRT异常率显著升高（P〈0.01）。随着ST段压低程度的增加,HRT异常率显著升高;以cTnI中位数0.21μg/L为界值,与低于中位数的患者相比,高于中位数的患者HRT异常率显著升高;以Gensini积分中位数23.5为界值,与低于中位数的患者相比,高于中位数的患者HRT异常率显著升高,P均〈0.01。TO与ST段压低程度、cTnI和Gensini积分呈显著正相关,TS与它们呈显著负相关,P均〈0.01。结论HRT可作为UA危险分层的一个有价值的新心电指标。     

NQMI心电图定位诊断与冠状动脉造影术的对比研究

目的　探讨无 Q波型急性心肌梗死 ( NQMI)的心电图定位诊断。方法　对 7例 NQMI患者以记分法研究其心电图 ST-T改变 ,并与冠状动脉造影术结果进行比较。结果　 7例 NQMI病员 ST段均呈水平或下斜形压低 ,深度 >0 .1m V,伴或不伴急性期 T波异常。冠状动脉造影证实左前降支病变 6例 (同时合并左冠状动脉回旋支、右冠状动脉病变 2例 ) ,其中前侧壁导联 ( I、a VL、V4- 6)显示 ST段压低伴 T波倒置者 4例 ,不伴 T波变化者 1例 ,侧壁导联 ( V4- 6) ST段压低伴 T波变化者 1例 ;左冠状动脉回旋支及右冠状动脉病变 1例 ,显示为侧壁 ( V4- 6)导联 ST压低 ,不伴 T波异常。结论　常规心电图 ST-T异常的导联可以用作初步判定NQMI梗死相关动脉及病变部位的标志 ,尤以累及左前降支者更具临床意义     

胸前导联ST段压低范围和幅度在急性下壁心肌梗塞的意义

目的 :评价胸前导联 ST段压低对急性下壁心肌梗塞的临床意义及探讨其可能发生机理。　　方法 :回顾分析了 1992年～ 1997年期间首次住院诊断急性下壁心肌梗塞患者 183例。将患者分为 4组 :无胸前导联ST段压低组 ( 组 ,n=5 6 ) ;胸前导联 ST段 V1～ 3压低组 ( 组 ,n=31) ;胸前导联 ST段 V4～ 6 压低组 ( 组 ,n=2 3) ;胸前导联 ST段 V1～ 6 压低组 ( 组 ,n=73)。资料分析包括心电图、心肌酶谱、左心室和冠状动脉造影及心肌梗塞的并发症和病死率。　　结果 :胸前导联 ST段压低患者比无胸前导联 ST段压低患者存在较大梗塞范围 ,心肌梗塞并发症和住院病死率较高。广泛 ST段压低时更显著 ,其心律失常、心功能不全发生率和住院病死率分别为 45 .0 %、12 .3% (P<0 .0 5 )和 8.2 %(P<0 .0 1)。胸前导联 ST段广泛压低总和≥ 0 .8m V显示预后更差 ,住院病死率 9.4% ,同 ST段压低 <0 .2 m V比差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。 组和 组存在左前降支病变或合并多支冠状动脉病变明显高于 组 ,有统计学差异。　　结论 :胸前导联 ST段压低分布范围和压低幅度对急性下壁心肌梗塞患者的预后判断和危险分层有一定价值。可能提示心肌梗塞范围较大 ,或同时存在前降支病变和多支冠状动脉病变。     

心电图在急性肺栓塞患者早期危险分层中的意义

目的探讨心电图在急性肺栓塞(APE)患者早期危险分层中的意义。方法选取APE高危患者90例,收集患者入院后心电图数据,碎裂QRS(fQRS)导联数、胸前导联T波的峰端间隔时间(Tp-e),aVR导联ST段抬高(STEaVR),同时对所有患者依据指南进行危险分层。使用SPSS18.0进行统计学分析处理。结果 fQRS、Tp-e、STEaVR在APE危险分层的四组间存在明显差异(P0.01),在高危组有更明显的异常,与危险分层具有显著的相关性(r=0.570、0.593、0.630,P0.01)。结论 APE患者心电图fQRS、Tp-e、STEaVR异常提示APE患者具有较高的危险性,可作为APE患者早期危险分层的参考指标。     

急性肺栓塞不同危险分层与心电变化的关系

目的探究急性肺栓塞不同危险分层与心电变化的关系。方法选取2016年1月至2019年1月急性肺栓塞患者90例,根据危险分层进行分组。其中,低危组35例,中危组30例,高危组25例。均行心电图及动态心电图检查,心电图观察指标为心率、P波、QRS波群、T波、ST段变化,动态心电图观察指标心率变异性及心律失常。结果高危组窦性心动过速、肺型P波、SⅠQⅢTⅢ、ⅢST段抬高、V1ST段抬高、V1~V4T波倒置发生率均高于低危组,高危组ⅢST段抬高、V1ST段抬高、V1~V4T波倒置发生率高于中危组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。高危组心率变异性指标正常RR间期标准差(SDNN)、每5min正常RR间期平均值的标准差SDANN均低于中、低危组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。高危组患者室性心律失常、室上性心律失常、房室传导阻滞及束支传导阻滞阳性率均高于中危组和低危组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论急性肺栓塞时心电图改变与危险分层相关。     

急性前壁心肌梗死时下壁导联ST段压低的临床意义

目的 :探讨急性前壁心肌梗死合并下壁导联 ST段压低的临床意义。方法 :回顾性分析2 2例首发急性前壁心肌梗死患者的心电图、冠状动脉及左室造影资料。结果 :急性前壁心肌梗死时下壁导联 ( 、 、a VF) ST段下移≥ 0 .0 5 m V组与 <0 .0 5 m V组的 、a VL导联 ST80 值有显著性差异 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ;两组的左前降支 6段 ( LAD6 )或 LAD始部病变的发生率也有显著性差异 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ;下壁导联 ST段压低≥ 0 .0 5 m V对 L AD6 或 LAD始部病变预测价值的敏感性及特异性分别是 : 导联 5 9%、5 0 % ; 导联 83%、70 % ;a VF导联 83%、70 %。结论 :急性前壁心肌梗死时下壁导联ST段压低预示 LAD6 或 L AD始部病变是高前侧壁发生透壁性心肌缺血的“镜像”反应 ,表现为 、a VL导联 ST段抬高 ;它与右冠状动脉、左旋支、多支病变以及胸前导联 ST段抬高程度无关     

急性前壁心肌梗死伴下壁导联ST段下移的临床意义

目的　探讨急性前壁心肌梗死患者入院时心电图下壁导联 ST段下移与临床预后及左冠状动脉前降支“罪犯”血管病变部位之间的关系。方法　选择 1998年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 10月住院诊治并行冠状动脉造影的急性前壁心肌梗死患者 5 9例 ,依据冠状动脉造影所示左前降支“罪犯”血管病变部位与第一对角支起始部的关系分成两组 , 组 36例病变部位位于第一对角支发出前 , 组 2 3例病变位于第一对角支发出后。结果　 组 36例占 6 1.0 1% , 组 2 3例占 38.98%。 组病人多数合并下壁导联 ST段下移≥ 1mm ,在 、 、a VF导联分别为 81% ,92 % ,79%。 组多数 ST段位于等电位线或 ST段下移 <1m m,在 、 、a VF导联分别为 6 0 % ,6 1% ,5 3%。结论　急性前壁心肌梗死患者入院时心电图下壁导联 ST段下移可以预测“罪犯”血管病变部位位于第一对角支起始部近端 ,而 ST段位于等电位线或 ST段下移 <1mm预示病变部位位于前降支远端     

静息状态下心电图指标对冠心病多支病变诊断价值的比较

目的探讨静息状态下常规十二导联心电图对冠心病患者（非急性心肌梗死、无胸痛发作状态）冠状动脉（冠脉）多支病变的诊断价值。方法观察分析1999年11月至2006年1月于济南市第四人民医院心内科入院拟诊不稳定型心绞痛行冠状动脉造影（CAG）患者（104例）的造影资料及CAG前ECG资料。选择性多体位左、右冠状动脉造影,以左主干、前降支、回旋支、右冠状动脉中任一支狭窄≥50%者为阳性,将患者分为阴性组（8例）、多支病变组[30例,LAD+LCX+RCA和（或）左主干病变]和非多支病变组（66例,单支病变+双支病变）。其中,左主干病变14例（可并发单支、双支或3支病变）。计数各组病例心电图aVR导联ST段抬高病例数、异常导联数、ST段移位绝对值之和、异常导联数+ST段移位绝对值之和、ST段时间,进行统计学分析。结果异常导联数+ST移位、异常导联数、ST段时间、aVR导联ST段抬高,多支病变组与非多支病变组比较有显著差异。异常导联数+ST移位、异常导联数和ST移位的敏感性显著高于aVR导联ST抬高,异常导联数+ST移位的敏感性明显高于ST移位。aVR导联ST抬高和ST移位特异性最好,两者之间无明显差异。结论异常导联数+ST移位、异常导联数、ST移位是诊断冠心病多支病变的敏感指标,且均优于aVR导联ST抬高;异常导联数+ST移位的敏感性明显高于ST移位。     

无症状性广泛ST段压低一例及家系调查分析

患者女性,60岁,体检时心电图显示类似的"7+1"现象(7个以上导联广泛ST段压低伴T波倒置,1个导联ST段抬高),无临床症状,冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管成像(CTA)显示冠状动脉正常,心脏核磁共振成像未见明显异常.家系3代调查,其大妹心电图V1～V4导联T波双向、倒置,心脏超声和冠状动脉CTA检查正常,动态心电图未发...     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.