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闵行区1988年1月15日至2月15日甲型肝炎(甲肝)流行期间共报告2449例病人,罹患率为23.2‰,其中20~29岁、30~39岁两组罹患率分別为41.4‰和39.9‰。调查表明本次流行系生食毛蚶所致。证据如下:(1)两次供应毛蚶均先于两流行峰前1个月,正好是甲肝的潜伏期,且供应量多流行峰亦高;人群生食毛蚶率高达27.9%;(2)病例对照调查提示甲肝病人吃蚶率为94.4%,极显著高于一般人群(27.9%)和对照病人(28.7%),OR值高达72.0(95%CL:25.9~200.3),且吃蚶量越多OR值越高;(3)人群抽样调查发现吃毛蚶者较未吃者发生肝炎的相对危险性为29.37倍,归因于吃毛蚶的病例占发病数的93.1%。 相似文献
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经对病人血清中特异性抗甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)IgM抗体的检测结果证实,1988年元月上海市区爆发的急性肝炎为甲肝。配对的病例-对照调查表明其直接发病原因为居民生食不洁毛蚶。经均衡可能混杂因素的成组分层分析得到的食用毛蚶比不食毛蚶罹患甲肝的相对危险度高62.4倍。 相似文献
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1988年1月,上海市发生甲型肝炎暴发流行,病例30余万,疫情之猖獗,医学史上未见报道。经流行病学、病原学研究证实了流行起因,阐述了促成流行的动因。社会经济学和临床研究分析了该次流行对社会所造成的危害及流行中病例的临床特点,为控制流行的再度发生,研究了相应的预防措施。通过现况调查和人群血清甲肝抗体检测查明,食用毛蚶者罹患率显著高于未食用者,相对危险度18左右。食蚶量越大,罹患率越高;食蚶量越大,显性发病比例愈高;呈现明显的剂量效应关系。毛蚶上市后一个月流行发生,间隔期相当于 相似文献
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本文采用历史性前瞻调查研究方法,确定了该起甲肝暴发疫情为水型传播所致.结果显示暴露及未暴露生水人群,甲肝罹患率分别为8.86%、2.09%,x2=35.65 P<0.001,RR4.32、AR6.77%、AB%76.41%.常饮生水、偶饮生水、不饮生水人群甲肝罹患率分别为12.21%(26/213)、3.86%(9/233)、1.11%(10/901),x=64.33和6.93 P<0.001和0.01,RR分别为11.00、3.48、1.0. 相似文献
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1988年甲型病毒性肝炎暴发流行期间死亡病例分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1988年初春,上海市发生居民因进食产自江苏启东地区甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)污染的毛蚶而发生甲型肝炎(甲肝)暴发性流行。为了解本次甲肝流行的预后,确切统计本次流行中甲肝的死亡率,我们对流行期中死亡的患者进行调查,对死亡率和死亡原因作一分析。 相似文献
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甲型与戊型肝炎的临床对比分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 比较甲型肝炎(甲肝)与戊型肝炎(戊肝)的临床特点。方法 用ELISA法对755例肝炎患者进行甲,乙,丙,戊,庚型肝炎的病原学检测,结果 甲肝和戊肝的检出率分别是11.1%和9.7%,差异无显著性(P〉0.05)而两者在发病年龄,病程,总胆红素及与其他肝炎病毒的重叠或混合感染率方面差异有显著性(P〈0.05或P〈0.01)。结论 与甲肝相比,该地区戊肝同样常见,戊肝具有发病年龄较大,黄痘较深, 相似文献
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120对1:2配对病例对照研究结果表明,1988年上海地区甲型肝炎暴发流行与接触肝炎患者、外出用餐、注射或输血、服用某些药物等传播途径无关,而与生食毛蚶有关(OR=23.20,X~2=69.22,p<0.0001),且罹患甲型肝炎的危险性OR值随生食毛蚶量上升(X_t~2=62.11,p<0.0001),控制年龄混杂因素后,仍有剂量反应关系。病例家属和(或)对照家属生食毛蚶者比未生食毛蚶者罹患甲型肝炎的危险性要高(OR=9.01,X~(MH)~2=29.97,p<0.0001)。 相似文献
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Persistent efficacy of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine (H2-strain) after a mass vaccination program 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Zhuang FC Qian W Mao ZA Gong YP Jiang Q Jiang LM Chen NL Chai SA Mao JS 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》2005,118(22):1851-1856
Background Live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine ( H2 strain) is widely applied in prevention of hepatitis A epidemic in China and other countries now. It is essential to observe and confirm the vaccine immune efficacy, population antibody level and its persistent efficacy after mass immunization.
Methods A total of 220 children with negative anti-HAV antibody ( aged 1-3 years) were taken for follow-up assay to observe seroconversion and geometric mean titre(GMT) level 2 months, 12 months, 6 years, and 10 years after inoculation. Another survey sampled from subjects of different age groups (3, 6, 9, 15, 18, 25 and 35 years) to compare anti-HA antibody positive rate before and after inoculation performed 10 years previously. Epidemiological observations were taken for 10 years to evaluate the relationship between vaccine coverage and hepatitis A morbidity. Serum antibody to HAV was detected by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA, calibrated by WHO international reference) and ABBOTY Axsym HAVAB microparticle enzyme immunoassay.
Results Seroconversion in follow-up assay 2 months and 10 years after inoculation was 98.6% and 80. 2% respectively. For children, the vaccination anti-HA antibody positive rates were significantly different before and after 10 years, 7.69% cf 70.45% (aged 3 years) and 52. 58% cf 71.78% (aged 18 years). When vaccine coverage rose from 57% to 74%, there were no any HA epidemics. When vaccine coverage reached 85%, there were no any HA cases. With vaccine coverage between 85% and 91%, there were no any HA cases in cohorts from the age of 1 year to 15 years during the 10 years.
Conclusions Live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine has an obvious long-term effectiveness in prevention and control of HA epidemics through mass vaccination. 相似文献
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应用固相酶联免疫洲定方法(ELISA),检测351例不同类型肝病患者血清丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)。输血后非甲非乙型肝炎(NANBH)、散发性NANBH和非乙型肝硬化抗-HCV阳性率分别为86%、34.9%和76.2%;28例急性甲肝均阴性;乙肝患者为23.3%;原发性肝癌为16.0%。有输血史乙肝患者抗-HCV阳性率高于无输血史者。提示除甲肝外,各类肝病患者均为HCV高危人群。输血液制品是乙肝合并丙肝的主要原因。 相似文献
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Institutionalized patients with Down syndrome and matched controls with other causes of mental retardation were tested by immune adherence hemagglutination for the presence of antibody to hepatitis A antigen (anti-HA). Altogether 75.1% (175 of 233) exhibited presence of anti-HA, with no differences by sex or age. Patients reactive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or its antibody (anti-HBs) were reactive for anti-HA significantly more frequently than those with a negative reaction for these markers. In contrast to serologic markers of hepatitis type B, prevalence of anti-HA does not depend on the cause of mental retardation or on the age at primary infection. The rate of anti-HA positivity was found to be closely correlated with duration of institutionalization. The study confirmed that many closed institutions for the mentally retarded are hyperendemic for hepatitis type A and that formation of anti-HA is not greatly affected by either immune deficiency or immune immaturity. 相似文献
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目的:调查目前穗港两地甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)的人群中的感染状况,为预防策略提供依据。方法:的穗港两地区收集社区中不同年龄的健康人群的血清标本,应用酶联免疫法(EIA)检测标本中的HAV的总抗体,统计出不同年龄人群中的感染率。结果:广州地区甲型肝炎总阳性率为57.2%,年龄别标准化阳性率为64.9%,香港地区总阳性率为60.6%,年龄别标准化阳性率为42.6%,广州地区阳性率高于较香港地区阳性率;的香港地区30岁以下人群阳性率低,仅为15.0%,30岁以上人群阳性率为80.9%,广州地区20岁以下人群阳性率为41.4%,年龄大于20岁的人群抗体阳性率为72.7%,广州地区20岁以上人群甲型肝炎病毒抗体阳性率与香港地区30岁以上人群阳性率相似,广州地区1997年人群抗体阳性率与1989年人群抗体阳性率比较无明显差异。结论:穗港两地比较年龄别标准化阳性率广州地区高于香港地区,随着生活水平的提高甲型肝炎的感染的年龄有向后推移的趋势,香港地区30岁以下人群及广州地区20岁以下人群(特别是年龄小于10岁的儿童)是甲肝疫苗接种的适合人群,广州地区甲型肝炎抗体阳性率与1989年比较无明显差异。 相似文献
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对来自广西肝癌高发区的204例散发急性病毒性肝炎患者研究的结果显示,非甲非乙型肝炎占47例(23%),乙型肝炎占92例(45%),甲型肝炎占63例(31%),巨细胞病毒感染占2例(1%),对2例所有乙肝病毒血清学指标均阴性的非甲非乙肝炎患者做了快速免疫电镜检查,结果在其中1例发现27nm病毒样颗粒。同时发现,有25%的急性非甲非肝炎转变成慢性。流行病学调查表明,在所有非甲非乙肝炎患者中,21.9%病前6个月内有经皮注射史,12.5%曾接触过病毒性黄疸肝炎病人,而65.6%找不到任何明确的感染途径。 相似文献