Gd-EOB-DTPA的特性及其在肝细胞肝癌诊断中的应用现状

肝细胞肝癌(HCC)是世界上第5大最常见恶性肿瘤,愈后很差,未经任何治疗的5年生存率小于5%。HCC的早期诊断非常关键,但早期HCC放射学表现不典型,诊断敏感性及特异性较低。Gd-EOB-DTPA是一种新型肝细胞特异性钆对比剂,通过肝胆特异性期获得病变正常肝细胞含量情况,对肝脏病变的诊断和鉴别诊断提供更多的信息。目前,多数文献表明钆塞酸二钠(Gd-EOB-DTPA)MR增强检查对HCC的诊断优于常规MRI及CT增强检查,综述Gd-EOB-DTPA的特性及其在肝细胞肝癌诊断中的应用现状。     

肝胆特异性磁共振对比剂Gd-EOB-DTPA的临床研究进展

Gd-EOB-DTPA为一种新型肝细胞特异性对比剂,除了具有非特异性细胞外对比剂的性质,在体内还可以特异性地被肝细胞所摄取,并通过肾脏和胆道双重系统排泄。由于其具有细胞特异性和独特的代谢特点,Gd-EOB-DTPA肝脏增强MRI检查对肝胆系统疾病的诊断具有明显的优势,对小病灶的检出和肝内占位病变的鉴别诊断具有更高的准确性;对显示肝内外胆道系统的解剖结构与通畅情况等亦可提供更多信息,因此对胆管疾病的诊断亦具有明显优势。     

肝胆特异性磁共振对比剂Gd-EOB-DTPA的临床研究进展

Gd-EOB-DTPA为一种新型肝细胞特异性对比剂,除了具有非特异性细胞外对比剂的性质,在体内还可以特异性地被肝细胞所摄取,并通过肾脏和胆道双重系统排泄。由于其具有细胞特异性和独特的代谢特点,Gd-EOB-DTPA肝脏增强MRI检查对肝胆系统疾病的诊断具有明显的优势,对小病灶的检出和肝内占位病变的鉴别诊断具有更高的准确性;对显示肝内外胆道系统的解剖结构与通畅情况等亦可提供更多信息,因此对胆管疾病的诊断亦具有明显优势。     

Gd-EOB-DTPA在肝细胞癌分子影像研究中的价值

肝细胞肝癌为世界第5大常见恶性肿瘤,其发病率高,中晚期患者预后较差,改善患者预后主要依靠早期正确诊断.Gd-EOB-DTPA是一种新型肝细胞特异性钆对比剂,具有动态期及肝胆特异期双相增强功能,其肝胆期通过正常肝细胞对对比剂的摄取使得病灶呈相对低信号,从而易于病灶的检出和诊断,提高早期HCC检出和诊断符合率.但研究发现依然有5％～15％的HCC在Gd-EOB-DTPA肝胆特异期表现为异常等或高信号.OATP、MRP以及HNF3β、HNF4α等为目前已知与Gd-EOB-DTPA肝胆期表现密切相关的蛋白通道和基因.通过对Gd-EOB-DTPA肝胆期信号特点进行分析,可间接获得OATP-MRP蛋白通道及相关基因表达情况,对HCC生物学行为进行预测,进而用于指导临床实践.     

比较增强CT与细胞外对比剂及钆塞酸增强MRI对于检测肝硬化病人肝细胞癌的诊断效能

正目的以切除肝为参照,评估增强CT与细胞外对比剂(EC-MRI)、钆塞酸增强MRI(EOB-MRI)检出肝硬化病人肝细胞癌(HCC)的诊断效能。同时评价钆塞酸增强肝胆期     

肝脏乏血供病变的Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI表现

由于肝脏乏血供病变的常规影像表现相似,故术前对病变的良恶性鉴别诊断有一定困难。MRI是肝脏病变诊断最有价值的成像方法,利用非特异性细胞外对比剂钆塞酸二钠（Gd-EOB-DTPA）在肝胆期可以被肝细胞特异性摄取的特点,能够提高病变的检出率和诊断准确性。就多种肝脏乏血供良恶性病变的病生理特点及Gd-EOB-DTPA的MR影像征象予以综述。     

Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI在肝脏局灶性病变中的应用进展

肝脏局灶性病变是常见的肝脏疾病,常用的影像学检查方法包括超声、CT及MRI,MRI因为具有良好的组织对比及可使用多种对比剂等优势,成为诊断肝脏局灶性病变的重要检查方法.Gd-EOB-DTPA是通过肝细胞特异性摄取的对比剂,Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI对于肝脏局灶性病灶的诊断、鉴别诊断、指导治疗等具有重要意义.本文就Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI在肝脏局灶性病变中的应用做一综述.     

钆塞酸二钠增强MRI动脉期伪影及其改善应对策略研究进展

钆塞酸二钠(gadolinnium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid,Gd-EOB-DTPA)为肝细胞特异性MRI对比剂[1-2],能够提供多期增强图像及肝胆期图像,显著提高肝内病灶的检出率[3-8],目前广泛应用于临床工作中.多个肝癌(hepatocel...     

Gd-EOB-DTPA在肝脏局部结节性病变诊断中的应用

目的 研究肝细胞特异性对比剂Gd-EOB-DTPA在肝脏结节性病变定性诊断中的应用价值.方法 收集经CT或MR(Gd-DTPA)增强检查证实肝内有结节性病变的患者30例,再进行肝细胞特异性对比剂Gd-EOB-DTPA MR增强扫描,采集T1WI、T2WI、DWI、LAVA动态增强扫描,在注射对比剂后15～20 min采集肝胆特异摄取期图像.结果 30例入组患者,共发现36个病灶.其中中低分化肝细胞癌14个,高分化肝细胞癌8个,再生结节或不良性再生结节9个,局灶性再生结节5个.注射肝细胞特异性对比剂Gd-EOB-DTPA后,病灶在动静脉期强化方式与非特异性钆基对比剂Gd-DTPA相同;在对比剂Gd-EOB-DTPA被肝细胞摄取的特异期内观察,不同分化程度的肝细胞癌均表现为境界清晰的低信号,而不同阶段的肝硬化结节信号强度出现分化,肝局灶性结节均表现为等或稍高信号.结论 Gd-EOB-DTPA在肝脏结节性病变的定性诊断中有重要价值.     

基于钆塞酸二钠增强MRI在LI-RADS v2018及LI-RADS v2017诊断肝细胞癌的对比研究

目的 探讨基于钆塞酸二钠(Gd-EOB-DTPA)增强MRI采用肝脏影像报告和数据系统2018版(LI-RADS v2018)诊断肝细胞癌(HCC)的效能,并与LI-RADS v2017进行对比研究.方法 回顾性分析2017年3月至2020年5月本院行Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI检查有病理结果的HCC高危患者.由三...     

Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Gd-EOB-DTPA MR Imaging

Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA; Gadoxetic acid; Gadoxetate disodium) is a hepatocyte-specific MR contrast agent. It acts as an extracellular contrast agent in the early phase after intravenous injection, and then is taken up by hepatocytes later. Using this contrast agent, we can evaluate the hemodynamics of the liver and liver tumors, and can therefore improve the detection and characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gd-EOB-DTPA helps in the more accurate detection of hypervascular HCC than by other agents. In addition, Gd-EOB-DTPA can detect hypovascular HCC, which is an early stage of the multi-stage carcinogenesis, with a low signal in the hepatobiliary phase. In addition to tumor detection and characterization, Gd-EOB-DTPA contrast-enhanced MR imaging can be applied for liver function evaluation and prognoses evaluation. Thus, Gd-EOB-DTPA plays an important role in the diagnosis of HCC. However, we have to employ optimal imaging techniques to improve the diagnostic ability. In this review, we aimed to discuss the characteristics of the contrast media, optimal imaging techniques, diagnosis, and applications.     

Uptake of gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid in metastatic adrenal tumour from hepatocellular carcinoma

We present the case of a metastatic adrenal tumour from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) showing the uptake of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) on MRI. To our knowledge, this is the first case of metastatic HCC in which Gd-EOB-DTPA uptake was shown on MRI and this finding facilitated the accurate pre-operative diagnosis of a metastatic adrenal tumour.     

关于钆塞酸二钠及钆喷酸葡胺增强MRI对肝癌诊断效能的1∶1匹配的病例对照研究

目的 通过1∶1匹配的病例对照研究,比较钆塞酸二钠(Gd-EOB-DTPA)和钆喷酸葡胺(Gd-DTPA)增强MRI对肝癌(HCC)的诊断效能,并且明确Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI的肝胆期是否具有补偿作用.方法 搜集行Gd-EOB-DTPA以及Gd-DTPA增强MRI检查且有肝硬化、存在肝占位性病变的患者,按年龄±...     

肝胆特异性磁共振对比剂Gd-EOB-DTPA在肝脏局灶性病变诊断中的应用研究

目的:探讨Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI增强扫描时肝局灶性病变的表现及此新型对比剂的诊断效能,提高对肝脏局灶性病变的诊断准确性。方法:已知或怀疑为肝脏局灶性病变的34例患者共90个病灶,病灶性质依次为肝囊肿20个、肝细胞肝癌16个、胆管细胞癌1个、肝脏转移性肿瘤37个、肝血管瘤9个、退变结节1个、肝脏局灶性结节增生1个、肝细胞腺瘤1个、肝脏炎性病变3个及肝脏淋巴上皮瘤样癌1个。所有患者依次行MRI平扫(抑脂TSE T2WI、抑脂3DVIBE、2DGRE T1WI)、Gd-EOB-DTPA三期(动脉期、门脉期和平衡期)增强扫描(抑脂3DVIBE)及延迟20min肝实质期扫描(抑脂2DGRE T1WI、抑脂TSE T2WI、抑脂3DVIBE)。测量并分析Gd-EOB-DTPA增强前后肝脏和病灶信号变化、病灶-肝脏对比噪声比绝对值(|CNR|)变化情况,并观察病灶Gd-EOB-DTPA增强扫描表现和特征。结果:Gd-EOB-DT-PA增强后各期肝实质信号及病灶-肝脏|CNR|均显著增加(P<0.001)。动脉期、门脉期和平衡期所有病灶符合应用常规含钆(Gd)对比剂时的强化表现和特征;延迟20min肝实质期扫描时,肝脏局灶性结节增生呈等信号-高信号,1个肝细胞肝癌呈相对高信号,其余肝囊肿、肝细胞肝癌、胆管细胞癌、肝脏转移性肿瘤、淋巴上皮瘤样癌、退变结节、肝细胞腺瘤、肝血管瘤和肝脏炎性假瘤等均呈相对低信号。结论:Gd-EOB-DTPA动态增强扫描与延迟肝实质期扫描联合应用,可以提供病变形态、血供、细胞来源及功能等更多相关信息,从而提高诊断信心及诊断准确性。     

肝细胞特异性磁共振对比剂的扫描技术应用

磁共振增强扫描已广泛应用于肝脏疾病的检查,随着对比剂的不断研发,肝细胞特异性磁共振对比剂（钆塞酸二钠）已应用到临床.它既有非特异性细胞外对比剂又有肝细胞特异性对比剂的功能.该对比剂对发现和鉴别肝脏局灶性病变具有很高的价值,一次注药就可以进行肝脏多期动态扫描及肝细胞期、胰胆管成像,对肝功能的评价也在研究中,并获得了初步成果.本文旨在以钆塞酸二钠的临床实际应用为中心,从该对比剂的药代动力学、药效动力学、用药量、给药方式及扫描序列方案等几个扫描技术方面进行综述.     

Hepatobiliary MR contrast agents in hypovascular hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops via multistep hepatocarcinogenesis, during which hypovascular/early HCC precedes the typical hypervascular HCC. The hypovascular HCC lacks the typical hallmark imaging features of HCC, such as late arterial phase enhancement and portal venous washout, limiting early detection using conventional extracellular contrast agents for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) imaging. In recent years, gadolinium‐based contrast agents with hepatobiliary uptake have garnered interest from radiologists and hepatologists due to their potential for improved detection of HCC during hepatobiliary phase MRI. Lesions with reduced or absent hepatocyte function appear hypointense in the hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI. This behavior can be exploited for earlier detection of hypovascular HCC. This review describes the general characteristics and advantages of gadoxetic acid for the diagnosis of HCC with a particular focus on hypovascular/early HCC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:251–265. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .     

钆塞酸二钠增强MRI对不典型肝细胞癌和肝内胆管细胞癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨钆塞酸二钠（Gd-EOB-DTPA） 增强 MRI对最大径≤3 cm的不典型肝细胞癌（HCC）及肝内胆管细胞癌（ICC）的鉴别诊断价值。 方法 回顾性纳入经病理证实的最大径≤3 cm的不典型HCC 26例[男17例,女9例,平均年龄（56.9±11.3）岁;HCC组]及ICC 21例[男16例,女5例,平均年龄（58.2±11.6）岁;ICC组]的临床及影像资料。评估2种肿瘤平扫及Gd-EOB-DTPA动态增强MRI上影像特征,包括肿瘤最大径、病灶边缘、病灶包膜、伴远端胆管扩张情况、病灶信号是否均匀、瘤体ADC值、动脉期强化特征、瘤周血流灌注是否异常、动态强化方式及肝胆期信号特征。采用t检验及χ ²检验分析2组的临床特征和常规平扫序列、增强MRI表现的差异,采用多因素Logistic回归分析鉴别两者的预测因素。2名影像医师对2种肿瘤的平扫及增强影像诊断结果的一致性分析采用kappa检验。 结果 HCC组病人相比ICC组多有肝炎及肝硬化病史,血清肿瘤标志物甲胎蛋白（AFP）高于ICC组,而ICC组的糖类抗原199（CA-199）水平更高;常规平扫序列MRI上HCC组病灶常有包膜,而ICC组常伴远端胆管扩张且ADC值更高;增强后ICC组更多表现为动脉期边缘强化、中央逐渐强化,更易出现肝胆期靶征改变（均P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示增强动脉期边缘强化及肝胆期靶征为鉴别诊断HCC和ICC的重要预测征象。2名影像医师诊断一致性良好（κ=0.837,P<0.001)。 结论 Gd-EOB-DTPA 增强MRI肝胆期靶征和动脉期边缘强化对最大径≤3 cm的不典型HCC及ICC有重要鉴别诊断价值,可为治疗方案提供参考。     

Gd-EOB-DTPA enhancement pattern of hepatocellular carcinomas in rats: Comparison with Tc-99m-IDA uptake

The enhancement pattern of chemically induced hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) after intravenous administration of the hepatobiliary magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent gadolinium-EOB-DTPA (ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) was compared with the uptake pattern of technetium-99m-labeled iminodiacetic acid (IDA), a hepatobiliary radioactive tracer. The hepatocyte uptake of both the contrast agent and the scintigraphic agent has been shown to be driven by the organic anion transporter. The tumors enhanced less than the liver after Gd-EOB-DTPA administration, whereas the Tc-99m-IDA uptake of differentiated HCCs exceeded that of the liver at 30 minutes and 3 hours after administration. The enhancement pattern of a differentiated HCC with Gd-EOB-DTPA does not mirror that seen with Tc-99m-IDA.     

Contrast enhancement with GD-EOB-DTPA in MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice: A comparison with superparamagnetic iron oxide

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of the new liver-specific magnetic resonance contrast agent gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) to detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Seventeen mice with 66 chemically induced HCCs underwent magnetic resonance imaging with both Gd-EOB-DTPA (30 μmol/kg) and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO; 10 μmol/kg). After enhancement, lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of 47 detected HCCs increased negatively from 3.7 ± 10.7 (mean ± SD) to –55.1 ± 25.8 with Gd-EOB-DTPA (P < .001) and increased positively from 10.4 ± 10.4 to 26.1 ± 16.3 with SPIO (P < .001). The improvement of CNR after administration of SPIO was less in smaller lesions (< 4 mm), whereas that after administration of Gd-EOB-DTPA was independent of lesion size. However, Gd-EOB-DTPA positively enhanced four HCCs (8.5%), both highly differentiated (grade 1) and moderately differentiated (grade 2). Gd-EOB-DTPA allows the conspicuous detection of small HCCs; however, moderately differentiated HCCs occasionally may be positively enhanced.