液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆中马尼地平

目的建立测定人血浆中马尼地平浓度的液相色谱-串联质谱法。方法 200μL血浆样品经液液萃取后,使用Phenomenex Synergi 4μHydro-RP 80A色谱柱(150mm×2.0mm I.D.),以甲醇-5mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.3%乙酸)为流动相进行梯度洗脱。API 3200型三重四极杆串联质谱仪采用电喷雾离子源、正离子方式检测、多重反应监测(MRM)扫描,马尼地平和尼群地平的离子反应分别为质荷比(m/z)611.1→167.3和m/z 361.1→315.2。方法学验证内容包括选择性、基质效应、线性范围、定量下限、准确度与精密度、提取回收率、血浆/溶液样品稳定性。结果马尼地平和内标尼群地平的保留时间分别约为2.47min和3.03min。马尼地平的线性范围为0.1～16.0ng/mL,低中高浓度质控样品的批内、相对标准偏差均小于15%,相对误差均在±15%以内,平均基质效应因子为(85.0±2.8)%,平均提取回收率为(89.2±4.8)%,血浆/溶液样品在不同保存条件下稳定性良好。结论该方法灵敏耐用,可用于人血浆中马尼地平浓度的测定及马尼地平口服制剂的人体药代动力学研究。     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定血清非结合雌三醇的前处理研究

目的优化高效液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定血清游离雌三醇(uE3)的前处理方法。方法以活性炭吸附血清为研究基质,通过加入已知量的雌三醇(E3)标准品及E3-2-3-4-13 C3内标,在LC-20AD XR高效液相色谱系统和API 5500串联四级杆质谱仪上对E3检测的色谱条件、质谱条件及萃取条件等进行优化。结果色谱条件:选用菲罗门Knietex色谱柱(100.0mm×2.1mm,2.6μm);有机相为甲醇,水相为0.1mmol/L氟化铵水溶液,8min梯度洗脱。质谱条件:选用电喷雾(ESI)负离子模式和多反应监测(MRM)模式分析,选择质荷比(m/z)287→m/z 145作为E3的定量离子对,m/z 287→m/z 171作为定性监测离子对;选择m/z 290→m/z 148作为内标的定量离子对,m/z 290→m/z 174作为定性监测的离子对。萃取条件:萃取剂为正己烷/乙酸乙酯(50/50,v/v),样品与萃取剂的比例为1∶2,萃取率可达85.71%。结论 E3检测的色谱条件、质谱条件、萃取条件已得到全面优化,为后续建立LC-MS/MS测定人血中uE3的参考方法打下良好基础。     

一种简便快速的液相色谱串联质谱法用于人体内血尿样品中奈诺沙星浓度的测定

目的建立一种简便快速高效液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)的方法用于测定人血浆和尿液中奈诺沙星药物浓度。方法色谱柱为Waters Symmetry RP1 8柱(50mm×2.1 mmm,5μm),以加替沙星为内标,血浆和尿液样品测定采用0.1%甲酸乙腈混合溶液为流动相,比例分别为82:1 8和85:1 5,流速均为0.2 mL/min。采用蛋白沉淀法处理血浆样品,以液液萃取法清除尿液样品中杂质。ESI源正离子选择性反应临测(SRM),奈诺沙星检测通道:m/z 372.4→m/z354.1,内标检测通道:m/z376.1→m/z 332.2。结果本方法测定血浆和尿液中的奈诺沙星的线性范围均为5～100ng/mL,最低检测浓度均为5ng/mL血浆和尿液的奈诺沙星提取回收率分别为(98.49±4.69)%和(84.92±6.81)%,且血浆和尿液的RSD)分别小于或等于4.31%和9.76%。奈诺沙星血浆样品的方法日内、日间准确度分别为(99.27～103.75)%和(100.40～106.36)%;而尿液样品的方法日内、日间准确度依次为(103.52～11 5.94)%和(9 9.50～1 10.96)%,且基质效应、精密度、稳定性等均通过方法学验证。并已用于该药的人体药动学研究中药物浓度的测定。结论本方法操作简便、迅速,特异性强,灵敏度高,准确性好,符合奈诺沙星人体药物动力学研究中血尿样测定的方法学要求。     

西酞普兰血药浓度测定方法改进及其在血浆中稳定性观察

目的 建立测定人血浆中西酞普兰浓度的超高效液相串联质谱法,观察西酞普兰在血浆中的稳定性。方法 流动相为体积分数0.05%甲酸溶液-乙腈（30∶70）,流速为0.1mL/min,进样量为5L,柱温为35℃,样品室温度为4℃。采用Agela公司Venusil MP C18色谱柱（2.1mm×50mm,3μm）分离,通过电喷雾离子化四极杆串联质谱,以多反应监测方式进行检测。用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z 325.22→109.25（西酞普兰）和m/z 265.23→167.37（内标盐酸苯海拉明）。结果 西酞普兰的线性范围为0.55~137.04μg/L,日内、日间精密度相对标准差均〈10%;血浆中西酞普兰低、中、高浓度水平的提取回收率分别为（89.6±2.1）%、（72.4±0.6）%、（86.3±2.5）%,内标为（77.2±0.7）%,相对回收率分别为（92.6±7.0）%、（100.7±7.3）%、（106.4±4.4）%;西酞普兰血样长期冷冻稳定性、标准品溶液及内标贮备液长期稳定性、多次冻融稳定性、室温稳定性均较佳。结论 本研究建立的分析方法快速、准确、灵敏、简便,适用于西酞普兰血浆药物浓度测定。     

HPLC-MS/MS法在伊马替尼、达沙替尼与尼洛替尼治疗CML患者血药浓度监测中的应用

目的建立测定慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)患者血浆伊马替尼、达沙替尼与尼洛替尼浓度的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS),并应用于临床血药浓度监测。方法血浆经甲醇沉淀蛋白处理,采用内标法定量。色谱柱为Ultimate XB-C18,柱温60℃,流动相为甲醇(0.1%甲酸)和水(0.1%甲酸和2mmol/L乙酸铵),梯度洗脱。质谱检测方式为电喷雾离子阱正离子模式,多反应监测模式(MRM)扫描,监测离子对:伊马替尼m/z 494.3→394.1,达沙替尼m/z 488→401,尼洛替尼m/z 530.2→289.2。结果伊马替尼浓度在50～2500ng/mL与峰面积比值线性关系良好,Y=0.001 17 X+0.006 17(r=0.999 5);达沙替尼浓度在1～250ng/mL与峰面积比值线性关系良好,Y=0.013 7 X+0.000 435(r=0.999 2);尼洛替尼浓度在50～2 500ng/mL与峰面积比值线性关系良好,Y=1.1e+0.03 X+1.05e+0.04(r=0.998 5)。日内及日间相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%,相对回收率在90.0%～110.0%。结论该方法前处理简单,检测的特异性及灵敏度高,可适用于CML患者血浆伊马替尼、达沙替尼与尼洛替尼血药浓度的快速、准确测定。     

HPLC-MS/MS检测血浆百草枯浓度方法的建立

目的建立高效液相色谱串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测血浆百草枯浓度的方法。方法选用Phenomenex Kinetex 2.6μm HILIC色谱柱(100.0 mm×2.1 mm),以1%甲酸水溶液(含250 mmol/L甲酸铵)为流动相A、乙腈为流动相B,梯度洗脱,流速为0.35 mL/min,进样量为10μL,柱温为40℃;使用电喷雾电离(ESI)源,采用正离子条件下多离子反应监测扫描模式。百草枯和内标乙基百草枯的离子对分别为质/荷比(m/z)92.7→171.0和m/z 107.0→185.1。对建立的HPLC-MS/MS进行方法学评价(线性范围、定量下限、准确度、精密度、选择性和基质效应、稳定性),并检测75例百草枯急性中毒患者的血浆百草枯浓度,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血浆百草枯浓度对临床结局的判断价值。结果 HPLC-MS/MS检测百草枯浓度在54.28~13 190.00 ng/mL范围内具有良好线性关系(Y=0.000 1X+0.011 6,r2=0.998 3)。定量下限处的批内平均准确度为96.31%~120.04%,批间准确度为104.43%;高、中、低浓度批内和批间检测值与理论值的偏差均在±15%范围内;高、中、低浓度及定量下限处的批内和批间相对标准偏差(RSD)均15%。随机选择6份空白基质考察方法的选择性和基质效应,结果表明百草枯出峰位置无干扰,方法选择性好;高、低浓度处经内标归一化的基质因子的变异系数均15%,基质效应符合要求。样本室温放置可稳定1 d,2~8℃放置可稳定1周,-80℃冻存可稳定1个月,反复冻融处理3次对结果无影响。75例百草枯中毒患者的血浆百草枯浓度为2 820(0~22 200)ng/mL,死亡组血浆百草枯浓度明显高于存活组(P0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示血浆百草枯浓度判断临床结局的ROC曲线下面积为0.855,最佳临界值为2 431 ng/mL。结论建立的HPLC-MS/MS方法可用于临床血浆百草枯浓度的常规检测。     

人血浆百草枯高效液相色谱-串联质谱法的建立与评价

目的建立测定人血浆百草枯浓度的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法并评价。方法用甲醇蛋白质沉淀法对血浆样品预处理后,以乙腈-水(含200 mmol/L甲酸铵和0.1%甲酸)为流动相梯度进样,流速为0.4 mL/min。通过色谱柱(Waters XBridge BEH HILIC,2.5μm,2.1 mm×100 mm)分离样品。以ESI正离子模式、多反应离子监测(MRM)模式监测百草枯(m/z 186.1→171.1作为定量离子对)。用该方法检测临床患者血浆百草枯浓度,用ROC曲线评价血浆百草枯浓度和百草枯中毒严重指数(SIPP)对临床结局的判断价值。结果血浆百草枯浓度在50～10 000 ng/mL时,线性关系良好(R~2=0.997),最低定量下限为50 ng/mL。低(100 ng/mL)、中(2 000 ng/mL)、高(8 000 ng/mL)3个浓度水平质控品的不精密度均符合要求,且无基质效应。处理后样品室温放置6 h内稳定,样本反复冻融3次对结果无影响。31例中毒患者SIPP为17.76(0.30～90.91)h·mg/L,死亡组SIPP高于存活组(P0.05)。SIPP的ROC曲线下面积为0.889,最佳临床临界值为11.679 h·mg/L。结论本法灵敏、准确、快速、特异性好,适用于临床检测百草枯中毒患者。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测人血浆中5-羟色胺

目的建立高效、准确的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定人血浆中5-羟色胺(5-HT)的方法,并应用于临床及科研的生物样本检测。方法该方法采用奥卡西平作为内标,血浆样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白,用初始流动相稀释后经Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C8色谱柱进行分离,流动相为0.2%甲酸水-乙腈,梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子、多反应监测模式(MRM)进行监测,用于定量分析的离子为质荷比(m/z)177→160。结果 5-HT在10～800ng/mL范围内线性良好(r0.999),定量下限为10.0ng/mL。待测物日内、日间相对标准偏差均小于15%。符合生物样品分析要求。结论本方法适合临床及科研的生物样本中5-HT的快速检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定血清丙戊酸钠

用高效液相色谱法测定人血清中丙戊酸钠浓度。血清样本中加入正庚酸作为内标物,用正庚烷提取,经对溴溴代苯乙酮衍生化后,注入色谱柱分离,用波长254nm 紫外检测器检测。丙戊酸与内标的峰面积比值在20～125μg/ml 浓度范围内线性良好(γ=0,9993),平均回收率为99.25±9.47%,重复实验变异系数分虽为6.30%及 8.37%。     

辛伐他汀和丙戊酸钠对K562细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 实验以人K562细胞株为研究对象,观察辛伐他汀及丙戊酸钠对K562细胞的增殖和凋亡的影响.方法 实验分3组,辛伐他汀组,丙戊酸钠组,辛伐他汀+丙戊酸钠组,以等客积的RPMI1640培养液为空白对照组.经瑞士-姬姆萨(Wright-Giemsa)染色,光镜下观察经辛伐他汀和丙戊酸钠处理后细胞的形态改变.MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制率.用AnnexinV-FITC/PI双重标记,经流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率的变化.结果 与对照组比较,10、20、40μmol/L辛伐他汀作用K562细胞48小时后凋亡半分别为(17.36±1.91)%、(23.26±2.35)%、(34.15±2.54)%;72小时后凋亡率分别为(31.43±2.15)%、(49.42±1.05)%、(56.57±3.06)%.1、2、4 mmol/L丙戊酸钠作用48小时后细胞凋亡率分别为(14.30±1.39)%、(22.90±2.35)%、(39.79±2.65)%;72小时后凋亡率分别为(22.79±2.31)%、(34.67±2.78)%、(49.51±2.37)%.细胞凋亡率随浓度和时问的增加而升高.结论 辛伐他汀和丙戊酸钠均可对K562细胞发挥增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用,两者联合应用有一定增效作用.     

Multicenter Case Series of Valproic Acid Ingestion: Serum Concentrations and Toxicity

Background: Valproic acid exposures reported to poison centers have increased more than 4-fold over the last 5 years. There are no large case series published on valproic acid ingestion. Methods: A prospective multicenter case series of all patients reporting an ingestion of valproic acid. Data collected included: age, gender, dose ingested, concomitant medications, symptoms and vital signs, laboratory values, length of hospital stay, and medical outcome. Entrance into the study required a serum valproic acid concentration above the therapeutic threshold of 100 μg/mL. Statistical analysis was by Fisher's exact test. Results: A total of 335 patients were reported to participating centers of which 186 (55%) had serum valproic acid concentrations greater than 100 μg/mL. Of the 186 cases, 53 were multiple drug exposures leaving 133 cases of sole valproic acid ingestion for evaluation. Age ranged from 2 to 66 years with a mean of 30.1 years ± 12. Peak serum valproic acid concentrations ranged from 110 μg/mL to 1840 μg/mL with a mean of 378.3 μg/mL ± 310.2 μg/mL. Time from postingestion to the peak measured valproic acid concentration ranged from 1 to 18 hours, with a mean of 7.4 hours ± 3.9. Symptoms included lethargy (n = 94), coma (n = 19), tachycardia (n = 24), aspiration (n = 8), metabolic acidosis (n = 8), and hypotension (n = 4). A peak concentration of >450 μg/mL was more likely to be associated with a moderate or major adverse outcome (p < 0.005). A peak concentration >850 μg/mL was more likely to be associated with coma (p < 0.005) and acidosis (p < 0.005). Eleven patients experienced transient thrombocytopenia (platelets < 150,000) and all had peak valproic acid concentrations >450 μg/mL. Four patients experienced transient leukopenia (WBC < 3,500). The mean hospital stay for all patients was 42 ± 33.1 hours. A hospital stay >48 hours was more likely to be associated with a peak valproic acid concentration >450 μg/mL (p < 0.05). There were 2 fatalities. Conclusions: In this case series, patients with peak valproic acid concentrations above 450 μg/mL were more likely to develop significant clinical effects and have longer hospital stays. A peak valproic acid concentration above 850 μg/mL was more likely to be associated with coma, respiratory depression, aspiration, or metabolic acidosis.     

人血浆中双氢可待因浓度HPLC-MS／MS测定方法的建立

目的建立测定人血浆中双氢可待因浓度的高效液相色谱一串联质谱分析方法。方法血浆样品用甲醇沉淀蛋白后,选用安捷伦色谱柱XDB．C18,2．1×50mm,5μm梯度洗脱。流动相A为0．1％甲酸10mM甲酸铵水溶液,流动相B为0．1％甲酸甲醇。流动性梯度为0min（B5％）→1min（B5％）→1．3（B65％）→2．4min（B65％）→2．5min（B5％）→3．5min（B5％）。流速0．6mL／min,柱温30℃,自动进样器温度4cC,进样量10止。选用岛津LC-20A高效液相色谱系统和串联APl4000Qtrap型三重四极杆质谱仪,ESI源正离子MRM扫描,Is电压5500V,CAD气Medium,CUR气40psi,Gasl：35psi,Gas2：40psi,源温度550℃,EP电压10V,CXP电压9V。双氢可待因：m／z302．1—199．1,DP电压：105V,CE电压：47V。右美沙芬（内标）：m／z271．3→170．1,DP电压100V,CE电压54V。结果该方法测定血浆中二氢可待因的线性范围为2～1000ng／mL（r〉0．99）,定量下限为2ng／mL,准确度均在85％～115％,批内和批间精密度也均〈15％。稳定性试验中,血浆样品及血浆经处理后样品中的双氢可待因在方法学要求的各种贮存条件下均比较稳定。结论该方法简单、快速、灵敏、专属性强、重现性好,适用于检测人血浆中双氢可待因浓度的研究。     

Analytical performance evaluation of a new turbidimetric immunoassay for valproic acid on the ADVIA 1650 analyzer: effect of gross hemolysis and high bilirubin

Valproic acid is an anticonvulsant that requires careful therapeutic drug monitoring. Valproic acid is also used in psychiatric patients. Bayer Diagnostics (Tarrytown, NY) recently marketed a turbidimetric immunoassay for monitoring valproic acid concentrations in serum or plasma using the ADVIA 1650 analyzer. We evaluated the performance of this new assay by comparing it with a widely used fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) on the AxSYM analyzer (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL). The total coefficient of variation (CV) for the low control of this new assay was 6.8% (mean = 30.7, SD = 2.1 microg/mL, n = 44) while the corresponding CVs for the medium and high controls were 3.3% (mean = 81.0, SD = 2.7 microg/mL, n = 44) and 5.9% (mean = 142.9, SD = 8.4 microg/mL, n = 44), respectively. The assay is linear up to a serum valproic acid concentration of 170 microg/mL, and the detection limit is 4.4 microg/mL. We observed an excellent correlation between the FPIA of valproic acid and the turbidimetric assay using specimens from 52 different patients who were receiving valproic acid. Using the valproic acid concentrations obtained by the FPIA as the x-axis, and the corresponding valproic acid concentrations obtained by the turbidimetric assay as the y-axis, we developed the following regression equation: y = 1.03 x+1.55 (r = 0.98). With this new assay, high concentrations of bilirubin (unconjugated 30 mg/dL and conjugated 30 mg/dL) and gross hemolysis (4+, hemoglobin: 1,500 mg/dL) have no effect on measurements of valproic acid concentration. We conclude that the new turbidimetric assay for valproic acid can be used for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of valproic acid in clinical laboratories.     

Determination of glycyrrhetic acid in human plasma by HPLC-MS method and investigation of its pharmacokinetics

Objective: To develop a high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS) method for the determination of the glycyrrhetic acid (GA) in human plasma and for the investigation of its pharmacokinetics after the oral administration of 150 mg diammonium glycyrrhizinate test and reference capsule formulations. Methods: The GA in plasma was extracted with ethyl acetate, separated on a C₁₈ column with a mobile phase of methanol (5 mmol/L ammonium acetate)–water (85 : 15, V/V) and analysed using a MS detector. Ursolic acid (UA) was used as internal standard. The target ions were m/z 469·5 for GA and m/z 455·6 for UA, the fragment voltages were 200 V and 100 V for GA and UA respectively. Results: The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0·5–200 ng/mL (r = 0·9974). The limit of quantification for GA in plasma was 0·5 ng/mL, the recovery was 76·0–80·0%, and the inter‐ and intra‐day relative standard deviations (RSD) were <12%. The pharmacokinetic parameters of GA after a single dose of 150 mg diammonium glycyrrhizinate test and reference were as follows: the half life (t_1/2) 9·65 ± 3·54 h and 9·46 ± 2·85 h, the time to peak concentration (T_max) 10·95 ± 1·32 h and 11·00 ± 1·30 h, the peak concentration (C_max) 95·57 ± 43·06 ng/mL and 103·89 ± 49·24 ng/mL; the area under time‐concentration curve (AUC_0–48 and AUC_0–∞) 1281·84 ± 527·11 ng·h/mL and 1367·74 ± 563·27 ng·h/mL, 1314·32 ± 566·40 ng·h/mL and 1396·97 ± 630·06 ng·h/mL. The relative bioavailability of diammonium glycyrrhizinate capsule was 98·88 ± 12·98%. Conclusion: The assay was sensitive, accurate and convenient, and can be used for the determination of GA in human plasma. Comparison of the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of GA indicated that the test and reference capsules were bioequivalent.     

Successful Use of Hemodialysis in Acute Valproic Acid Intoxication

Background: Increased clearance and apparent clinical improvement in valproic acid overdose has been reported following in-series hemodialysis/hemoperfusion therapy. We report a case of divalproex sodium and chlorpheniramine overdose treated with charcoal hemoperfusion and multiple-dose activated charcoal. Case Report: A 32-year-old female presented alert three hours postingestion of her own medication. Serum valproic acid was 105 μg/mL. No anticholinergic toxicity was seen. Despite three doses of activated charcoal over 14 hours, serum valproic acid continued to rise. Whole bowel irrigation and multiple-dose activated charcoal were commenced 17?h postingestion when serum valproic acid was 1380 μg/mL. Charcoal hemoperfusion was instituted three hours later when serum valproic acid had not fallen and the patient remained obtunded. Results: Initial extraction ratio of the hemoperfusion cartridge was 0.54 with plasma clearance of 54.5 mL/min. Valproic acid elimination half-life was 3?h during the 190 min hemoperfusion cycle. Posthemoperfusion elimination half-life was 4.8?h with continued multiple-dose activated charcoal dosing. The clinical condition improved during hemoperfusion. Conclusion: Enteric coated valproic acid preparations may cause delayed toxicity in overdose, particularly with coingested anticholinergic medications. In our case, charcoal hemoperfusion appeared to increase valproic acid clearance.     

Performance characteristics of the PowerFlow apheresis port: Early experience

We prospectively evaluated the Bard PowerFlow Implantable Apheresis IV Port in four patients undergoing outpatient therapeutic plasma exchange over 18 to 97 days. Three had bilateral internal jugular access ports, and one had a single left internal jugular access port for the inlet line with return via antecubital vein. Two patients receiving 5% albumin as replacement fluid achieved peak inlet flow of 99 ± 5 mL/min and 101 ± 6 mL/min, and peak plasma flow of 53 ± 6 and 47 ± 6 mL/min, respectively. Two patients receiving plasma as replacement fluid achieved peak inlet flow of 46 ± 7 and 85 ± 4 mL/min and peak plasma flow of 27 ± 3 and 35 ± 4 mL/min, respectively. Apheresis nurses accessed the ports on the first attempt in all procedures. Pressure alarms occurred in 6 of 47 procedures and were easily resolved by lowering the inlet rate by 10% in 5 of them. The PowerFlow shows promise as an implantable venous access device for apheresis.     

Antioxidant and cytotoxicity effects of seed oils from edible fruits

ObjectiveTo propose a natural remedy for the some acute diseases the fatty acids profile, antioxidant and cytotoxicity potentials of seed oils from natural sources have been examined.MethodsThe fatty acids profile of seed oils from sweet orange, grape, lime and watermelon obtained by soxhlet extraction were trans-esterified and examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay were examined and compared with gallic acid and α-tocopherol while the cytotoxicity were examined via the brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay using cyclophosphamide as a reference standard.ResultsSweet orange seed contained 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (62.18%), grape seed, erucic acid (43.17), lime seed, oleic acid (52.42%) and watermelon seed linoleic acid (61.11%) as the major fatty acid present. Among the four oils tested, grape seed oil had the highest acute toxicity with LC₅₀ value of (156.2 ± 0.37) μg/mL while orange seed oil had the highest lethal toxicity with LC₅₀ (7.59 ± 0.35) μg/mL value. Lime seed oil IC₅₀ (14.49 ± 3.54) μg/mL showed the highest antioxidant potential of about 70% at 1 mg/mL concentration which was more significant than the reference compounds gallic acid and α-tocopherol with IC₅₀ value of (201.10 ± 1.65) and (54.86 ± 2.38) μg/mL respectively. The yield of oil from these seeds varied from 9.583% to 24.790% with the oils being rich in essential fatty acids.ConclusionUtilization of the seeds will reduce wastes, improve commercialization and procures hitherto neglected substances for technological and nutritional applications.     

LHPC—MS／MS法测定人体血浆中丙泊酚浓度的评价

【目的】建立人血浆中丙泊酚浓度的高效液相色谱串联质谱法（HPLC—MS／MS）测定方法,以评价其效果。【方法】采用LC—MS／MS法测定丙泊酚的浓度,色谱柱为Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18（50mm×4．6mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇及0．1％氨水溶液;流速0．4mL／min;电喷雾离子化电离源（ESI）,质谱采用MRM模式,以负离子检测,检测离子为丙泊酚m／z177．2→m／z161．4、麝香草酚m／Z147．2→m／z106．7。20名健康志愿者静脉注射丙泊酚2mg／kg后,按预定时间点抽取动脉血进行血浆药物浓度的检测。【结果】丙泊酚血药浓度在线性范围分别为0．012～12．06μg／mI。范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9993）,定量下限为0．012μg／mL;低、中、高3个浓度的日内及日间相对精密度（RSD）〈15％;平均提取回收率86．7％,RSDl．87％。【结论】本方法特异性强、灵敏、高效、精密度及准确度好,适用于人体血浆中丙泊酚的检测。     

库存血小板血浆中sCD40L含量变化及其对PMNs呼吸爆发的作用

目的探讨单采血小板(A-PLTs)和白膜法浓缩血小板(BC-PLTs)库存过程中,其乏血小板血浆(简称血浆)中可溶性CD40配体(sCD40L)含量变化及对中性粒细胞(PMNs)呼吸爆发的作用。方法取库存d1、d3、d5的A-PLTs和BC-PLTs,离心分离获得血浆;ELISA检测血浆中sCD40L的含量;用活性氧特异性荧光探针二氢若丹明123(DHR),流式细胞术检测PMNs呼吸爆发;以小鼠抗人CD154抗体抑制试验去除sCD40L。结果 sCD40L含量(pg/mL),在血小板库存d1、d3、d5时,A-PLTs血浆分别为1 341.62±279.92、2 589.69±856.83及3 250±1 170.44(P<0.05);BC-PLTs血浆分别为3 342.35±1 322.30、3 827.12±1 714.43及3 691.87±1 631.03(P>0.05)。血浆引发fMLP(formyl-Met-Leu-Phe)活化的PMNs呼吸爆发程度(PMNs的引发活性),库存d1、d5 A-PLTs血浆处理组相对于单独加入fMLP阴性对照组其MFI比值相应为1.25±0.1、1.76±0.41(P<0.05)。用小鼠抗人CD154抗体特异性去除血浆中的sCD40L后血浆引发fMLP活化的PMNs呼吸爆发程度相应降低41.84%。以0.1μm滤器滤除血小板微粒后血浆引发fMLP活化的PMNs呼吸爆发程度相应降低69.56%。结论常规库存的血小板随库存时间延长,其血浆中的sCD40L水平升高,并对fMLP活化的PMNs的呼吸爆发具有引发作用。