Nutrient intake and meal patterns of Micmac indian and Caucasian women in Shubenacadie, NS.

North American Indians have a higher morbidity from gallbladder disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity than other North Americans; this may result from their food intake. Nutrient intake and meal patterns were compared in 120 Micmac Indian and 115 Caucasian women in Shubenacadie, NS. Findings were compared with the Canadian Dietary Standard (CDS) and the Nutrition Canada national and Indian survey reports. The diet of Indian women had higher carbohydrate, lower protein and lower fibre content than that of Caucasian women, who derived a higher percentage of energy from protein and had a higher intake of vitamin A, niacin and ascorbic acid. Overnight fast was longer among Indian women. A high percentage of all women studied reported diets that did not reach the CDS for total energy intake in kilocalories or for calcium, iron, vitamin A, thiamin or riboflavin.     

Nutrition survey of schoolchildren in greater Winnipeg. II. Dietary intake and biochemical assessment.

The total dietary intake of energy and of individual nutrients of 99 grades 3 and 6 children from 10 greater Winnipeg shcools were generally comparable to those reported by Nutrition Canada for the Manitoba and national samples, although the percentile distributions of total caloric intake and dietary intake of vitamin A for the Winnipeg children tended to be lower. The median daily intake of protein was 212% of the Canadian Dietary Standard and most came from animal sources. Dietary fat was largely from animal sources as well. Hemoglobin concentrations were marginally low in four children, and urinary riboflavin:creatinine ratios were low in six children. There was no biochemical evidence of thiamin deficiency. The results suggest a need for change in dietary patterns and for education in nutrition, including relative nutrient/cost benefits. A well planned school snack program with an education component is a medium by which change could be introduced. This should preferable be part of a total school health program.     

Thiamin status of a sample of homeless clinic attenders in Sydney

Thiamin is one of the marginally adequate nutrients in the Australian diet. The incidence and prevalence of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in this country may be the highest in the world. Homeless men could be at risk for low intakes of thiamin in association with irregular high alcohol intakes. A sample of 107 homeless men from two hostels and one clinic for homeless persons in inner Sydney was investigated for nutritional status; their thiamin status is reported here. By means of 24-hour recall methods, their mean dietary thiamin intake--0.76 mg per day--was less than the National Health and Medical Research Council's recommended dietary intake of 1.1 mg per day; at 0.076 mg/MJ it was even less than the minimal requirement of 0.08 mg/MJ. It was much lower than the mean intake of 1.38 mg per day that was found in the 1983 National Dietary Survey of adults and the distribution of thiamin intakes in this study was skewed positively, with the largest intake being in the range of 0-0.1 mg per day. On clinical examination we found a high prevalence of signs that were consistent with thiamin deficiency. Twenty-four per cent of the subjects showed three-or-more of the signs of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy and global confusion). In assaying for red-cell transketolase levels, this subgroup showed higher thiamin pyrophosphate effects than did the whole sample. Thirty-six per cent of the whole sample showed subnormal thiamin status by the thiamin pyrophosphate effect. Thus, in this sample, homeless men showed a high prevalence of dietary, biochemical and clinical features to indicate subclinical or early clinical thiamin deficiency.     

不同季节孕妇膳食营养状况分析

通过对７４７例孕妇膳食情况的调查,了解孕妇在不同季节各种素的摄故水平及达到ＲＤＡ值的状况。结果显示不同季节孕妇的能量分配其本符合中国营养学会推荐的比例,除钙,铁锌、核黄素的平均摄入量只达到ＲＤＡ的值的６０％左右外。     

Dietary intake of some essential micronutrients in China

Objective :Based on the data collected in the 1992 national nutrition survey in China,the food consumption and nutrients intake were calculated,and the consumption of some micronutrients was evaluated.Method:Dietary data were obtained by using a three days‘ inventory change plus food weighing in combination with 24 hours recall method for three consecutive days.The food consumption and nutrients intake were calculated in accordance with the Chinese food composition table.The consumption of smoe micronutrients was evaluated in reference to the Chinese RDAs.Results:The average intakes of niacin,ascorbic acid and vitamin E were sufficient,whereas that of zinc,selenium and thiamin were between 80% and 90% RADs.The consumption of calcium,retionl equivalent and ribiflavin was low compared with the Chinese RDAs,Calcium was the most imsufficient nutrient in CHinese diet,Conclusion:Food fortification seems necessary for improving the nutritional status of smoe micronutrients in China.     

河南省三市郊区居民营养状况评价

对三市郊区居民87户306人3 d称重法膳食调查,发现蛋白质、碳水化物、热能、铁、维生素B_1、PP、C的摄入量接近或达到供给量标准,而脂肪、钙、维生素A、B_2摄入量不足。生化检测结果显示,三市郊区健康成年人(90例)体内血红蛋白、血清总蛋白、胆固醇、锌、铜、铁含量达到生理需要,而血清钙、维生素B_1、B_2含量在不同地区人群间存在不同程度的不足。提示膳食结构应做进一步调整,以满足居民各种营养素的需要。     

江苏省居民高脂血症与营养素摄入相关性研究

目的:探讨江苏省居民血脂异常与膳食营养素摄入的关系?方法:根据2007年江苏省居民营养与健康状况调查资料,选择18岁以上人群8 120人,其中男性3 467人,女性4 653人?膳食数据采用膳食频率法收集,血脂指标采用酶法进行测定?结果:调整年龄?性别?体质指数(BMI)?体力活动水平?吸烟?饮酒和总能量摄入进行多因素回归分析后发现,高胆固醇血症与脂肪?胆固醇摄入呈正相关,与维生素C摄入呈负相关(P < 0.05);高甘油三酯血症与脂肪摄入呈正相关,与膳食纤维和维生素E摄入呈负相关(P < 0.01);低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)与碳水化合物摄入呈正相关,与核黄素摄入呈负相关(P < 0.05);混合型高脂血症与膳食纤维和维生素E摄入均呈负相关(P < 0.05)?结论:不同类型的高脂血症与营养素摄入有着不同的关系?     

Dietary habits,nutrient intake and biomarkers for folate,vitamin D,iodine and iron status among women of childbearing age in Sweden

Background: Dietary intake and nutritional status are important for pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. Dietary advice on folate, targeted to women of childbearing age, aims at preventing neural tube defects in the offspring.

Aim: To describe food and nutrient intake and nutritional status among women of childbearing age in Sweden in relation to current nutrition recommendations.

Methods: Dietary intake was assessed using a web-based four-day consecutive food record among adults aged 18–80 years—‘Riksmaten 2010–11 adults’. In a subsample, biomarkers of folate, vitamin D, iodine, and iron status were assessed.

Results: Women of childbearing age had lower intakes of fruit and vegetables, fish, and whole grains, but higher intakes of soft drinks. Macronutrient composition was generally in line with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, except for a lower intake of fibre, a higher intake of saturated fatty acids, and added sugars. Mean intakes of vitamin D, folate, and iron were below recommended intakes (RI). Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 74?μg/L, 20% had insufficient vitamin D status, and 3% low folate concentrations with no age differences. Furthermore, 29% of women 18–44 years of age had depleted iron stores.

Conclusions: The dietary pattern among women of childbearing age (18–44 years) was less favourable compared to older women. Intakes of some micronutrients were below RI, but no differences in vitamin D, folate, or iodine status between age groups were observed. However, improvements of folate and iodine status among women of childbearing age are warranted. This can be achieved by following dietary guidelines including use of folic acid-containing supplements.     

云南地区115例Graves病患者膳食营养状况调查

［摘要］目的　了解云南地区毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿（GD）患者膳食营养状况,探讨GD患者膳食营养摄入水平．方法　采用食物频率法用自行编制的食物频率表对GD患者进行膳食调查;计算GD患者各类食物的每人每日摄入量、各种营养素每人每日摄入量并与中国居民平衡膳食宝塔建议值及膳食营养素参考摄入量（RNIS）相比较;现场测量患者体重、身高和计算体质指数． 结果 （1）膳食结构:云南地区GD患者食物摄入种类齐全,谷类薯类、肉禽类、油脂和坚果类的摄入高;蔬菜菌藻类、水果、蛋类、鱼虾类、奶类及奶制品摄入低;（2）能量和营养素摄入量:脂肪供能比超过推荐值,碳水化合物供能低于推荐值,膳食纤维、维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、钙和钠摄入低,维生素E、磷和铁摄入高;（3）体格检查:GD患者消瘦率、超重率和肥胖率分别为25.2%、7.0%和1.7%,男性和女性的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）．结论　云南地区GD患者食物摄入种类齐全,但膳食结构不合理．     

Nutrient Intakes of Pregnant Women and their Associated Factors in Eight Cities of China: A Cross-sectional Study

Background:

During the last 3 decades, China has dramatic changes of the dietary pattern among its citizens, particularly in urban cities. This study aimed to determine the nutrient intake status and factors associated with nutrient intakes of urban Chinese pregnant women now-a-day.

Methods:

The multistage stratified random sampling method was applied in the cross-sectional study. 479 women in three trimesters of pregnancy from eight cities of China were recruited. Nutrient intakes were evaluated with one 24 h dietary recall, and compared with the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) 2013 for available nutrients.

Results:

Most pregnant women had imbalanced macronutrient distribution with excessive energy derived from fat. Intakes of Vitamin A, B₆, calcium, magnesium, and selenium were below Chinese Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) and Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) in all trimesters. Most pregnant women took more folic acid in the first trimester with a significant decrease in the second and third trimester (P < 0.05). Shortfall in iron intake was found in the third trimester whereas some women may be at the risk of excessive iron intake. Intakes of thiamin met RNI in the first trimester but were below EAR in all trimesters. Trimester phasing was positively associated with most nutrients (P < 0.05). Prepregnancy body mass index was inversely associated with energy, fat, Vitamin C, and calcium intake (P < 0.05). Educational level and household income were positively associated with folic acid intake (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Current prenatal dietary choices of urban pregnant women in China are imbalanced in the nutrient intake when compared with national DRIs 2013, particularly in intakes of energy derived from fat and micronutrients. Appropriate dietary advice to pregnant women should promote a balanced diet with emphasis on avoidance of foods of high fat content and incorporation of foods that are good sources of the key micronutrients that are usually lacking in a regular pregnancy diet. Further research is needed to understand the eating habits and food patterns that contribute to this imbalanced diet in order to be able to effectively improve prenatal women''s nutrient intake status.     

对青年男性人群缺铁性贫血和核黄素营养状况相互关系的研究

对一青年男性人群的缺铁性贫血和核黄素营养状况的关系进行了观察。发现：其核黄素缺乏率为４２．９％（３０／７０），缺铁性贫血率为３７．５％（２７／７２），游离原卟啉（ＦＥＰ）异常率为１１．０％（８／７３）。核黄素缺乏者平均血红蛋白（Ｈｂ）浓度低于核黄素正常者，缺铁性贫血率（５０％）显著高于核黄素正常者（２５．０％，Ｐ＜０．０５），而两者的ＦＥＰ异常率无差别。对全血谷胱甘肽还原酶活性系数（ＢＧＲＡＣ）与Ｈｂ、ＦＥＰ和红细胞压积（ＨＣＴ）做相关回归分析，发现ＢＧＲＡＣ与Ｈｂ、ＨＣＴ呈显著负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５），而与ＦＥＰ无显著相关关系。结果提示：核黄素缺乏与缺铁性贫血有关系，而与反映铁缺乏的早期指标ＦＥＰ无关     

广东大米硫胺素核黄素品种特征

用荧光分光光度计测定广东常见15个籼米样品3个不同加工精度的大米的硫胺素、核黄素含量,结果表明含量因品种、产地、加工精度不同而异。含硫胺素丰富的品种有青二矮、民科占、七桂早、杂优、中桂。核黄素含量较高是三水县三级混合米。两种维生素含量较高的品种有中桂、七桂早。南海县生产的大米硫胺素的含量高于三水县、高要县。同一品种不同加工精度硫胺素、核黄素有不同的损失,糙米与标准二等米比较,标准二等米与特等米比较均有非常显著的差异(P<0.01)。贮藏过程中大米两种维生素含量有所下降,贮藏1年后的下降比6个月的明显。     

Iron status of Australian children

A national survey covering all States and Territories was conducted in urban and rural schools to determine the iron status of Australian children and adolescents. This article reports the results of blood analyses for 1696 schoolchildren aged 9, 12 and 15 years. The measures of iron status analysed were plasma levels of iron, transferrin and ferritin. Results for all of these measures were available for 1204 of the schoolchildren for whom iron status was assessed based on the plasma ferritin and transferrin saturation model. Iron status was generally satisfactory in the 9, 12 and 15 year old boys and the 9 and 12 year old girls. There was a marked and statistically significantly higher prevalence of iron deficiency among the 15 year old girls. These results are discussed in relation to the food and nutrient intakes of 12 and 15 year old children who also participated in the 1985 National Dietary Survey of Schoolchildren.     

广州城区托幼园所儿童微量营养素摄入情况分析

目的：对托幼园所进行膳食调查，分析19231名儿童微量营养素摄入情况，以指导托幼园林膳食管理。方法：采用称重法对广州市荔湾区111间托幼园所进行5天的膳食调查，以中国的食物成分表为计算依据，用2000年修订的“中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量（DRIs)”作为评价指标，用中山大学公共卫生学院编制的儿童保健软件进行营养素计算。结果：钙是托幼园所儿童膳食缺乏最明显的营养素，人均摄入量占DRI的50．57％，有72．07％的托幼园所人均摄入量不足DRI的50％；硫胺素摄入量占89．95％DRI，有30．63％的园所人均摄入不足80％DRI；分别有23．42％、20．72％、11．71％、6．30％的托幼园所人均每日摄入锌、抗坏血酸、核黄素、铁不足80％DRIs；视黄醇当量、维生素E、烟酸、硒摄入充足。结论：对钙的缺乏应调整膳食结构或适当使用强化食品加以改善；部分托幼园所应调整膳食结构，保证硫胺素、锌、抗坏血酸、核黄素、铁摄入充足。     

佛山市高明区新婚夫妇不孕不育现况调查

目的了解广东省佛山市高明区新婚育龄夫妇不孕不育的发病现况及其影响因素。方法利用广东省佛山市高明计划生育服务网络系统,采用问卷方式对高明区2007年登记结婚的2816对育龄夫妇进行生育情况调查,以了解该人群不孕不育的发生状况,并对其相关影响因素进行分析。结果不孕不育发病率为18.7%;不孕不育的发生与男女双方的年龄、女方的文化程度、男方的职业、男方的性功能等因素相关（P〈0.05）。结论广东省佛山市高明区育龄夫妇的不孕不育发病率较高,有必要对其相关影响因素作进一步研究,以便找到降低和防止不孕不育发生的方法和途径。     

某高校教师家庭膳食调查及食物结构分析

为了解高校教师家庭的膳食营养现状 ,分析其食物结构 ,采用连续三日称重法对 2 8户教师家庭作膳食调查。结果显示 :该高校教师家庭食物结构不合理。部分家庭视黄醇、VitB1、VitB2 摄入不足 ,也有部分家庭蛋白质、热能摄入过量。三大产热营养素的热能供给比例不协调 ,脂肪供热百分比偏高 ( 34 .97% )和碳水化合物供热百分比偏低 ( 50 .54% )。优质蛋白摄入充足 (动物蛋白 50 .4 0 % ,豆类蛋白 8.98% )。油脂摄入量偏高 ,占食物总摄入量的 4 .92 % ,以植物性脂肪为主。油脂摄入量的多少直接影响脂肪供热百分比的高低 (方差分析P <0 .0 5)。     

Food security and child nutritional status among Orang Asli (Temuan) households in Hulu Langat, Selangor

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of household food insecurity and its potential risk factors and outcomes among the Orang Asli (Temuan) households. Socioeconomic, demographic and food security information of the households and anthropometric measurements and dietary intakes of preschoolers (n = 64) were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Food security was assessed using the Radimer/Cornell hunger and food insecurity instrument. Diet quality was based on 24 hour recall and analyzed according to the Malaysian RDA and Food Guide Pyramid. Majority of the households (82%) reported some kind of household food insecurity. The prevalence of significant underweight, stunting and wasting were 45.3%, 51.6% and 7.8%, respectively. Dietary intakes were less than 2/3 RDA levels for calories, calcium and iron. However, the intakes of protein, vitamin A, vitamin C and niacin exceeded the RDA and the sources for these nutrients were mainly rice, fish and green leafy vegetables. Among the five food groups, only the number of servings from cereals/cereal products/tubers group was achieved while that of the milk/diary products was the worst. Majority of the children (68.7%) had poor, 31.3% had fair and none with excellent diet quality. In general, diet quality and nutritional status of the children decreased as household food insecurity worsened. It is recommended that the nutritional problems of Orang Asli children be addressed through health, nutrition and economic programs and further studies should be carried out on determinants and consequences of household food insecurity.     

重庆市郊区幼儿园学龄前儿童膳食营养状况分析

目的分析重庆市郊区学龄前儿童的膳食营养状况,为后期的营养干预提供科学依据。方法在重庆市巴南地区的7所幼儿园中随机抽取3所幼儿园进行膳食问卷调查。调查内容主要包括儿童的一般健康和疾病情况,及其连续3d的膳食摄人情况。共完成有效膳食问卷492份。结果该幼儿园儿童每人每日谷薯类、水果和坚果、蔬菜、蛋类、鱼虾类、畜禽肉类、豆类和豆制品、奶类和奶制品的实际摄入量占推荐摄入量范围下限的比例分别为118．1％、135．0％、61．7％、77．8％、41．7％、281．9％、34．7％和119．2％。每人每日能量、蛋白质、维生素A、钙、铁和锌的实际摄入量占推荐摄人量的比例分别为100．8％、120．2％、121．2％、65．7％、126．8％和75．0％。结论重庆市郊区幼儿园儿童的谷薯类、水果类和奶类的摄人量合理,蔬菜类、鱼虾类、蛋类和豆类摄入不足,畜肉类摄人过量。除能量和硫胺素合理外,其他营养素均存在偏高或偏低的现象,应加强对家长制定科学合理的膳食营养干预的宣教。     

60岁以上卧床患者膳食营养调查分析

采用问卷调查、体格检查和相关实验室检查等方式,对田林社区及本市四所医院共607例住院及家庭病床老年患者(≥60岁)进行调查.问卷内容包括一般情况、疾病调查、膳食回顾及服用营养补充剂等情况.大多数老年患者存在营养总量摄入不足、三大营养素摄入不均衡、大多数营养素(蛋白质、膳食纤维、钙、铁、锌、硒、铜、镁、磷、视黄醇当量、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生紊C)摄入置明显不足等情况,与<中国居民膳食指南>(2007)参考摄入量差距较大.     

维生素A和铁对缺铁性贫血儿童转铁蛋白受体和免疫功能的影响

目的:观察维生素A与铁同时补充对学龄前儿童临床维生素A(VA)缺乏状态缺铁时,机体清转铁蛋白受体、免疫功能的影响。方法:选取临床诊断为VA缺乏状态的缺铁性贫血的住院患儿200例,随机分为对照组(每日口服相当于30mg元素铁的硫酸亚铁,连续8周)和实验组(口服VA胶丸12 500IU/次,2次/周,连续8周;口服铁量同对照组,连续8周),分别进行干预。干预前、后分别检测血清转铁蛋白受体及免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM与白介素-2(IL-2),进行两组间比较,并与干预前比较。结果:实施VA+铁联合干预后,血清转铁蛋白受体、IgA、IgG及白介素-2(IL-2)显著高于干预前及单纯补铁组(P<0.05);血清IgM明显低于补充前(P<0.05)。结论:对存在临床VA缺乏状态的缺铁儿童实施一定剂量的VA+铁联合干预,对改善机体铁营养状况和免疫功能有明显作用。