人粒细胞无形体病病人的护理

[目的]探讨人粒细胞无形体病的疾病特点与防治措施.[方法]对20例疑似人粒细胞无形体病病人进行调查,包括发病时间、地点、病情特点、治疗方法、护理与消毒隔离方法、疾病预后等.[结果]治愈12例(60%),好转3例(15%),死亡5例(25%).[结论]人粒细胞无形体病可防可治,加强对病人隔离管理及早期治疗,大多数病人症状可以很快改善并治愈.     

人粒细胞无形体病病人的护理

[目的]探讨人粒细胞无形体病的疾病特点与防治措施。[方法]对20例疑似人粒细胞无形体病病人进行调查,包括发病时间、地点、病情特点、治疗方法、护理与消毒隔离方法、疾病预后等。[结果]治愈12例（60％）,好转3例（15％）,死亡5例（25％）。[结论]人粒细胞无形体病可防可治,加强对病人隔离管理及早期治疗,大多数病人症状可以很快改善并治愈。     

人粒细胞无形体病45例临床分析

目的分析人粒细胞无形体病的流行病学及临床特点。方法对45例人粒细胞无形体病患者进行流行病学调查和实验室检测,对临床表现进行记录分析。确诊患者应用多西环素联合喹诺酮类或头孢类抗生素进行治疗,并根据临床情况进行针对性治疗。结果24例患者经治疗临床痊愈出院;4例分别并发肺部曲霉菌、克雷白杆菌感染、大叶性肺炎,2例并发病毒感染,经积极抗感染等治疗后,临床痊愈出院;3例患者由于经济原因要求转当地治疗,后随访临床痊愈;2例并发肺部曲霉菌、结核杆菌双重感染,治疗症状明显改善,经随访现已治愈;2例合并多器官功能衰竭死亡;8例患者家属放弃治疗,后均死亡。结论人粒细胞无形体病是一类新发的传染疾病,可有多方面临床表现,易被误诊。但早就诊,早治疗,加强防护措施,可以得到有效控制。     

人粒细胞无形体病误诊为流行性出血热

目的分析人粒细胞无形体病(human granulocytic anaplasmosis,HGA)的临床特点和误诊原因,加强对本病认识。方法 分析我院2010年7月收治的1例HGA临床资料。患者因发热、头痛、腰痛伴胸闷入院。查查白细胞、血小板减少。诊断为流行性出血热?给予丹参、左氧氟沙星等药物治疗,病情无好转且心、肝功能损害加重。结果患者于入院第5天突然抽搐、口鼻出血,血压90/60 mmHg。急查淋巴细胞0.52(异型淋巴细胞0.34),血小板73×109/L;酶学指标升高,凝血功能检查异常。入院第6天患者突然心搏停止,抢救无效死亡。采集血液标本经血清学检测证实为HGA。结论以发热伴白细胞、血小板减少和多脏器功能损伤为主要表现的病例,应考虑到HGA的可能,及时检测嗜粒细胞包涵体或抗体等,以避免误诊。     

一例人粒细胞无形体病的调查与处理

2009年5月,安徽省铜陵市报告发现了1例疑似人粒细胞无形体病。患者发病前是否被蜱叮咬史不详;具有高热、肌肉酸痛、腹股沟淋巴结肿大和周身不适,白细胞和血小板计数进行性下降,尿常规和肝功能异常等典型临床特点,急性期血清嗜吞噬细胞无形体IgG抗体阳性,恢复期血清IgG抗体为呈4倍抗体增高。该病例被确诊为人粒细胞无形体病,通过采取现场流行病调查、隔离治疗、个人防护、消毒等措施,患者得到救治且未出现二代感染与传播病例,疫情得到有效控制。     

以疑似人粒细胞无形体病发病的肠病型T细胞淋巴瘤1例

报告1例以疑似人粒细胞无形体病发病的肠病型T细胞淋巴瘤患者的救治体会如下.1 病历简介1.1一般情况:患者女性,58岁,因发热、肝功能损害3d,入院3d前于传染病医院住院治疗.半天前无明显诱因出现便血约1000 ml,伴乏力、头晕、心慌、口渴、恶心,呕吐胃内容物,到外院给予止血、补液等治疗,病情无好转而入本院.既往有高血压病史2年,有阑尾切除、子宫切除、右膝关节置换病史.     

人粒细胞无形体病二例

病例1,男,70岁,农民,家中养貂.因"发热5 d伴腹泻3 d"入院.查体:T 39℃,BP 150/90 mm Hg,发热面容,颈胸部皮肤充血,全身皮肤、黏膜未见出血点及皮疹,浅表淋巴结未触及肿大.眼睑无水肿,睑结膜及球结膜充血.颈软,双肺呼吸音粗,未闻及干哕音,心律齐,各瓣膜听诊区无病理性杂音,腹软,无压痛、反跳痛,肝脾未触及,肝肾区无叩痛,移动性浊音阴性,四肢无异常.     

疑似人粒细胞无形体病12例分析

目的研究人粒细胞无形体病疑似病例的流行病学和临床特点。方法回顾性分析12例人粒细胞无形体病疑似病例的临床资料。结果本组人粒细胞无形体病疑似病例流行地区位于胶东半岛地区,病人均为农民,年龄中位数为57岁,其中2例在起病前1周有明确蜱咬史。常见症状包括发热、腹泻、恶心等,并发症有出血、中毒性脑病、急性肾衰竭等,常见实验室检查指标异常有白细胞、血小板减少,转氨酶升高,尿蛋白、尿潜血,9例行人粒细胞无形体套式PCR检测均为阴性。经过抗生素和对症支持治疗痊愈11例,死亡1例。结论人粒细胞无形体病是一种蜱传急性自然疫源性疾病,可累及多脏器,高龄及有并发症病人易发生严重并发症,预后较差。     

山东省沂源县人粒细胞无形体病现场流行病学调查

目的分析山东省沂源县人粒细胞无形体病发生的危险因素及感染途径。方法对2002-2006年报告的34例可疑人粒细胞无形体病病例进行个案调查,并进行描述性分析,对部分病例进行实验室检测。选择年龄相近、未患过人粒细胞无形体病、同性别、同村居民为对照组,进行1∶2配比的病例对照研究。结果通过单因素分析和非条件logistic回归分析:是否经常从事林间劳动（IOR/I=4.4901,95%ICI/I: 1.4348～14.0518,IP/I0.05）、每日平均劳动时间是否超过1 h （IOR/I=4.0408,95%ICI/I: 1.3083～12.4806,IP/I0.05）、居住院内是否有牲畜圈（IOR/I=3.3707,95%ICI/I: 1.2883～8.8191,IP/I0.05）为沂源县感染人粒细胞无形体病的暴露危险因素。结论根据病例临床资料、现场流行病学调查以及病例对照研究,与牲畜（尤其是羊）接触、林间劳动、接触草地等危险因素为该疾病可能的感染途径。对于人粒细胞无形体病有待于进行更加深入的调查和实验室研究。     

1例人粒细胞无形体病人的护理

人粒细胞无形体病(human granulocytic anaplasmosis,HGA)是由嗜吞噬细胞无形体(AP)引起的一种经蜱传播的新发的自然疫源性疾病.主要侵染人末梢血中性粒细胞引起,以发热伴白细胞、血小板减少和多脏器功能损害为主要临床表现.     

Molecular diagnosis of human granulocytic anaplasmosis

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, formerly known as human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, is caused by the microorganism Anaplasma phagocytophilum that is transmitted by Ixodes tick bites. The disease state ranges from subclinical to fatal but may be difficult to differentiate from other febrile conditions without specific tests. Rapid and early diagnosis is important since the infection may be fatal and specific antibiotic therapy is required. The bacterium is an obligate intracellular pathogen of neutrophils. Thus, early diagnosis is best achieved by amplification of nucleic acids from the blood. An increasing number of potential gene targets for diagnostic assays have been described and the incipient release of an Anaplasma phagocytophilum genome sequence will not only help to better understand the disease but may facilitate improvements in diagnostic strategies.     

Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Slovenia

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) has been recently recognized as an emerging tick-borne disease. Several reports indicate the presence of infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Europe. Between January 1996 and December 2004, 24 adult patients with proven HGA were identified in a prospective study conducted at the Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia, on the etiology of febrile illnesses occurring within 30 days after a tick bite. The diagnosis of acute HGA was established from seroconversion in 18 (75%) patients or at least a four-fold increase in antibody titers to A. phagocytophilum antigens in six (25%) patients and molecular identification of ehrlichial organisms in 15 (62.5%) patients. Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings were similar to those reported from the other European countries. All the patients had an acute febrile illness with headache, malaise, myalgia and/or arthralgia. Leukopenia was found in 16 (66.7%) patients, thrombocytopenia in 20 (83.3%), abnormal liver function test results in 23 (95.8%), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates in 18 (75%), and elevated concentration of C-reactive protein in 23 (95.8%). The disease course was relatively mild; none of the patients died and no long-term sequelae were found during a follow-up of one year even though only 15 (62.5%) were treated with doxycycline. At the examination one year after the first visit, 16/24 (66.7%) patients tested seropositive (> or =1 : 256) for A. phagocytophilum antibody, and two years after the first visit positive titers were still present in 10/18 (55.6%) patients.     

Rare case of severe rhabdomyolysis secondary to human granulocytic anaplasmosis

Anaplasma phagocytophilum (AP) is the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), a tick-borne illness with highest incidence in north-eastern regions of the United States. This condition presents with vague constitutional symptoms and has been associated with laboratory derangements such as leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and transaminitis1. Rhabdomyolysis, however, is not one of these associations. We report a case of confirmed HGA associated with severe rhabdomyolysis, where no other cause was identified. The etiology of rhabdomyolysis secondary to AP infection is still unknown. A presumptive diagnosis of HGA can be made in the presence of fever, non-specific symptoms such as myalgias, laboratory derangements such as leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in an individual residing in an endemic area3. Serological confirmation should not delay treatment, given the rapid progression of this dangerous infection. Rhabdomyolysis should also be considered as part of supporting data in the diagnostic consideration for HGA.     

Current management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis,human monocytic ehrlichiosis and Ehrlichia ewingii ehrlichiosis

Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii are emerging tick-borne pathogens and are the causative agents of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis and E. ewingii ehrlichiosis, respectively. Collectively, these are referred to as human ehrlichioses. These obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens of the family Anaplasmataceae are transmitted by Ixodes spp. or Amblyomma americanum ticks and infect peripherally circulating leukocytes to cause infections that range in clinical spectra from asymptomatic seroconversion to mild, severe or, in rare instances, fatal disease. This review describes: the ecology of each pathogen; the epidemiology, clinical signs and symptoms of the human diseases that each causes; the choice methods for diagnosing and treating human ehrlichioses; recommendations for patient management; and is concluded with suggestions for potential future research.     

3例暴发性1型糖尿病患者的护理

总结3例暴发性1型糖尿病患者的护理体会,护理要点包括:严密观察患者意识、生命体征、液体出入量、电解质和酸碱平衡、血糖及各系统功能变化,配合医生抢救患者,并积极给予皮肤、口腔、会阴部护理,病情稳定后给予积极的糖尿病宣教和心理疏导.3例全部痊愈出院.