药物创新与高通量筛选

药物研究是关系人类健康的事业，开发新药可以产生巨大的经济和社会效益，创新药物的研究和开发已经成为医药领域长期的重要课题。新药研究不仅需要依赖坚实的基础研究成果，其自身也具有独特的规律和要求，掌握这些规律和要求，有助于促进创新药物的发现和研究。笔者根据相关文献，讨论了创新药物的类型和特点，在此基础上论述了创新药物研究的理论和高通量药物筛选在创新药物研究中的应用。     

极化荧光在高通量药物筛选中的应用

1　前言基于荧光技术的检测分析方法是近年来被应用于药物高通量筛选 (high throughputscreening,HTS)的重要方法之一,荧光检测方法具有灵敏度高、方法简便的优点,目前应用于HTS的荧光技术包括均相时间分辨荧光分析法 (homogeneoustimeresolvedfluorescence,HTRF),荧光共振能量     

P-gp蛋白功能抑制剂高通量筛选模型的建立与应用

目的建立高通量筛选模型,寻找疗效好、毒副作用小的肿瘤多药耐药逆转剂。方法以罗丹明123荧光染料胞内积累实验为基础,建立基于细胞水平的高通量筛选模型,对480个中药样品进行了高通量筛选,并采用剂量—活性依赖实验和抗性增敏实验验证阳性样品。结果模型Z′因子为0.72,筛选得到2个中药样品。结论建立的P-gp蛋白功能抑制剂高通量筛选模型稳定性好,灵敏度高,筛选得到的2种中药样品具有较好的P-gp蛋白功能抑制活性。     

药物高通量筛选的设计与实施

本文在简要介绍药物高通量筛选体系的基础上,就组建高效能的高通量筛选体系需要关注的因素,如作用靶点、测试方法、检测方法与作用靶点的匹配、关键参数、效能评价等进行了重点阐述,为高通量筛选体系的设计和实施提供了有益的借鉴。     

多杀菌素产生菌的高通量诱变选育

目的 利用高通量筛选方法进行刺糖多孢菌诱变选育获得多杀菌素高产菌株.方法 以ASAGF73为出发菌株,通过亚硝基胍(NTG)诱变,并利用96孔板发酵培养结合快速生物测定进行高通量筛选.结果 诱变剂量为2mg/mL,诱变时间50min时突变株多杀菌素产量有较大幅度提高.通过3轮复筛验证最终获得8株产量分别比出发菌株提高了43.94％、33.76％、29.41％、28.61％、27.40％、26.42％、25.59％和20.40％的突变株.结论 利用高通量筛选方法可以快速获得多杀菌素高产菌株.     

以微管蛋白为靶的高通量药物筛选方法的建立与应用

目的：以微管蛋白为靶建立高通量筛选（HTS）模型，以便有效地发现抗肿瘤化合物。方法：细胞培养与免疫荧光技术。结果：以常规的免疫组化（玻片）方法为基础优化实验条件，在96孔板上建立了以微管蛋白为靶点的高通量药物筛选模型；抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇和秋水仙碱作用于人肝癌HepG2细胞后，细胞的免疫荧光强度发生了明显的可检测的变化，间接反映药物对细胞徽管蛋白聚合／解聚作用的影响，与理论预测结果一致。结论：基于人肿瘤细胞的以徽管蛋白为靶点的高通量筛选方法可用于抗肿瘤化合物的筛选。     

G-蛋白偶联受体的功能测定和高通量药物筛选

G 蛋白偶联受体家族是药物开发中最大的一类药物靶点 ,高通量药物筛选是开发药物早期阶段的最重要工具之一。根据G 蛋白偶联受体与配体结合及激发的信号通路 ,人们设计了各种可行的功能测试方法 ,用于G 蛋白偶联受体为药靶的高通量药物筛选 ,如 :微体积荧光数字图像测定技术 (Fluorometicmicrovolumeassaytechnology ,FMAT)、荧光偏振 (Fluoresencepolarization ,FP)、竞争性ELISA (Com petitiveenzyme linkedimmunosorbent)、闪烁邻近测定法(Scintillation proximityassay ,SPA)、载黑色素细胞测定法(Melanophoreassay)、报告基因测定法 (Reportergeneassay)和钙离子测定法等测定方法。在这些方法中 ,报告基因测定法和钙离子测定法占了主导地位。非放射性、无需底物和辅助剂的报告基因测定方法和荧光钙离子指示剂的钙离子测定方法可能是将来G 蛋白偶联受体的功能分析和高通量药物筛选的发展方向     

炎性细胞因子抑制剂高通量筛选方法的研究

目的　建立能够同时作用于炎症相关细胞因子的药物筛选模型 ,探讨多指标综合筛选方法 ,为发现新的抗炎先导化合物提供快速有效的方法。方法　采用人血白细胞为研究对象 ,以脂多糖 (LPS)刺激诱发炎性因子生成 ,探讨最佳刺激条件 ,建立多指标检测方法和综合评价药物作用的分析方法。观察不同浓度脂多糖 (0 5～ 5 0mg·L-1)及不同作用时间 (0～ 4h)炎性因子IL 1、IL 8、TNF α生成水平的变化。同时观察 5 LO抑制剂NDGA (nordihydroguaiareticacid)和COX 2抑制剂Diclofenac在多种细胞因子筛选模型上的应用。结果　脂多糖可浓度依赖性 (0 5～ 5 0mg·L-1)和时间依赖性 (0～ 4h)地刺激人血白细胞释放IL 1、IL 8和TNF α。脂多糖 (终浓度 5mg·L-1)刺激人血白细胞 4h有较高释放 ,与对照组比差异明显。NDGA和Diclofenac在脂多糖刺激 4h对炎性因子释放有显著抑制作用。结论　这种脂多糖体外刺激人血白细胞释放多种炎性因子的筛选模型可用于高通量大规模筛选具有抗炎作用的先导化合物 ,提高了筛选效率     

Flux assays in high throughput screening of ion channels in drug discovery

Ion channels have been identified as therapeutic targets in various disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, and cystic fibrosis. Flux assays to detect functional ionic flux through ion channels are becoming increasingly popular as tools for screening compounds. In an optimized flux assay, modulation of ion channel activity may produce readily detectable changes in radiolabeled or nonradiolabeled ionic flux. Technologies based on flux assays are currently available in a fully automated high throughput format for efficient screening. This application offers sensitive, precise, and reproducible measurements giving accurate drug rank orders matching those of patch clamp data. Conveniently, the flux assay is amenable to adaptation for different ion channels, such as potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride channels, by using suitable tracer ions. The nonradiolabeled rubidium-based flux assay coupled with the ion channel reader (ICR) technology has become very successful in ion channel activity analysis and is emerging as a popular technique in modern drug discovery.     

A high throughput screening system for predicting chemically-induced reproductive organ deformities

There is a great need for alternative testing methods for reproductive toxicants that are practical, fast, cost-effective and easy to interpret. Previously we followed a pragmatic approach using readily available tests, which was successful in predicting reproductive toxicity of chemicals [13]. This initial battery still contained apical tests and is fairly complex and low in its throughput. The current study aimed to simplify this screening battery using a mechanistic approach and a panel of high throughput CALUX reporter gene assays. A mechanistic approach was taken to validate this high throughput test battery. To this end it was challenged with two preselected sets of chemicals addressing two major apical effect classes relevant in reproductive toxicity. We found selectivity in this battery in that 82% of the compounds inducing reproductive organ deformities were predicted correctly, while for compounds inducing neural tube defects this was the case in 47% only. This is consistent with the mechanisms of toxicity covered in the battery. The most informative assays in the battery were ERalpha CALUX to measure estrogenicity and the AR-anti CALUX assay to measure androgen receptor antagonism.     

谷胱苷肽转移酶抑制剂高通量筛选模型的建立和初步应用

谷胱苷肽 - S-转移酶 -π( GST-π)的活性在某些类型的癌症患者中有显著的升高并且在癌症细胞对抗癌药物抗药性的形成过程中起着重要的作用。抑制过量表达的 GST-π酶的活性将有助于克服肿瘤细胞的耐药性 ,因此 ,GST-π被认为是一个潜在的药物作用的靶位点。为了筛选新的抗癌药物的增敏剂 ,我们建立了一个 GST-π酶抑制剂的高通量筛选模型 ,该模型以 CDNB和 GSH为底物 ,在 96 -孔板上通过对 340 nm处吸光度的变化来检测样品对 GST-π酶的抑制活性。经过初筛和复筛 ,从 4 80 0个微生物发酵提取物中筛选到10个阳性样品 ,阳性率为 0 .2 %。     

History, evolution, and trends in compound management for high throughput screening

Growth in compound library size with increasing levels of high throughput screening has resulted in the complementary development of automated hardware and software systems for compound management. The history of this technology from its emergence in the early 1990s, its current status, and future trends are all described. The perspective is primarily a personal one, based on the author's involvement with compound management from its outset to the present day.     

The role of high throughput screening in the early stage of drug research

High throughput screening (HTS) became an integral part of the early phase drug discovery process. Although the methodology itself is widely accepted as a powerful tool of lead discovery there are a number of positive and also negative opinions associated to its application. This paper gives a short introduction to HTS technology, summarizes primary experiences and points out latest changes in screening strategy and technology. Development and application of the new screening facility of Gedeon Richter is also reported.     

Functional characterisation of human glycine receptors in a fluorescence-based high throughput screening assay

The human glycine receptor subtypes alpha1beta and alpha2 have been expressed stably in HEK293 cells, and the functional characteristics of the receptors have been characterised in the FLIPR Membrane Potential Assay. The pharmacological properties obtained for nine standard ligands at the two receptors in this assay were found to be in good agreement with those from electrophysiology studies of the receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes or mammalian cell lines. Hence, this high throughput screening assay will be of great use in future pharmacological studies of glycine receptors, particular in the search for novel compound structures acting at them.     

基于深孔板培养高通量筛选rakicidin B1高产菌的研究

目的 获得rakicidin B1的高产突变菌株。方法 建立深孔板发酵rakicidin B1的方法,结合常压室温等离子体技术(ARTP)及核糖体工程对rakicidin B1的产生菌进行高通量诱变选育。结果 获得一株高产突变菌株R36-27,其摇瓶发酵产量达到490mg/L左右,较出发菌株提高了237.9%;经遗传稳定性考察验证了该菌株稳定性较好。结论 采用ARTP为诱变源,以庆大霉素抗性为选择压力,结合深孔板高通量筛选,可以快速有效地获得高产菌株。     

VolSurf软件及其在药物代谢性质虚拟高通量筛选中的应用

当前新药的研发模式发生了改变,需要药代动力学早期参与以减少损失。本文介绍了目前国外正在研究开发与应用的用于新药早期药代动力学虚拟高通量筛选的软件之一VolSurf的特点及其应用     

中药活性成分的高通量筛选新技术

以近年来国内外研究文献为基础,总结概括了近5年来中药活性成分的高通量筛选新技术的进展情况。其中生物色谱技术、芯片技术和计算机辅助虚拟筛选等技术得到了广泛应用。这些新技术在中药活性成分筛选方面,比起传统方法具有效率高、自动化、通量高的优点,可以为中药活性成分的高通量筛选提供新思路。