饮用淦河温泉下游河下对儿童健康的影响

长期饮用淦河温泉下游河水可使儿童头发中硒与硫的含量高出正常（指饮用自来水的）儿童约４倍，呈现高硫高硒体征，此体征儿童心率较慢，窦性心率不齐者增多，心房去极电位升高，心室去极和复极电位下降，Ｓ－Ｔ段移位例数和移位幅度均增加，心电图中的这些变化均在允许范围之内，但有些已接近病理边缘。红细胞数和血红蛋白量均略低于正常儿童。     

硒对高硫所致豚鼠心肌退变的保护作用

豚鼠体内含硫量的增加，可使心肌发生不同程度的退变，如果体内含硒量也增加，心肌则不发生退变。高硫能抑制机体摄取硒的能力，使体内含硒量下降。心肌退变的程度与体内含硒量呈负相关。提示：高硫对心肌的损伤是通过低硒来完成的，高硫只是诱发低硒形成的条件；心肌退变可能与血硒和血硫是否维持在一定的比值范围内有关。     

3～6岁儿童血硒水平与生长发育关系的探讨

目的:为了解沈阳市学前儿童血硒水平与生长发育的关系。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样方法,选取沈阳市内五区10所幼儿园3～6岁儿童,测量身高、体重,以WHO推荐的美国国家统计中心参考值作为评价标准,采用Z评分法进行营养评价,氰化高铁法测定血红蛋白含量,石墨炉法检测儿童血清中硒含量。结果:血清硒正常组身高Z评分较硒缺乏组高,t检验有高度的显著性;硒缺乏组贫血患病率较硒正常组高。结论:硒缺乏儿童体格生长较同龄儿童落后,尤其对身高有影响;硒缺乏儿童易患贫血。儿童保健工作者应引起重视,采取有效预防措施。     

硒的补充对摄人大量碘的幼鼠的甲状腺荷尔蒙的影响

目的研究硒的补允对摄入大量碘的幼鼠的甲状腺荷尔蒙所起的作用。方法135只Balb／C幼鼠（雌性对雄性的比例为2：1）被分为3个组，给它们灌注饮用水，包括不同剂量的碘和硒。正常组（NC，自来水），高碘摄入组（HI，饮用水中的碘3．0mg／L），高碘、硒补充组（HI＋Se，饮用水中的碘3．0mg／L＋硒0．5mg／L）。所有的雄性、雌性鼠4个月后进行交配，母鼠在19．5天的相关指数以及幼鼠在14天时的相关指数都有被测定。结果与正常组相比，高碘摄入组母鼠尿液中碘的中值较高，血清TT4增加，TT3下降；硒补充组抑制了TT4的增加和TT3的减少。在高碘摄入组中老鼠的肝脏里，硒的容量大幅度减少，GPx和5’-DI的活性分别减少了47％和33％。硒的补充能够增加尿液中碘的排泄，也能增加肝脏中硒的容量，提高GPx和5’-DI的活性。与正常组相比，高碘摄入组幼鼠的血清TT4、TT3明显下降，硒补充组抑制了TT4和TT3的下降。结论高碘的摄入能通过母鼠的高血清T4和碘来降低幼鼠的甲状腺素，硒的补充能通过酶影响母鼠的甲状腺素。     

低体重儿童心血管功能的评价

目的：探讨低体重营养不良对儿童心功能的影响。方法：将２７９名男生按身高标准体重法分为低体重和体重正常两组，进行安静心率和ＰＷＣ１７０负荷做功后心率的比较。结果：低体重儿童除安静心率外，两次负荷后即刻心率及恢复期心率均显著高于体重正常组儿童（Ｐ〈０．００１）。结论：低体重儿童心血管潜能降低，与正常儿童相比必须以较高的心率才能完成相同的负荷做功。     

关于饮水中硒的标准问题

硒是一种必需元素,但饮食中的硒超过极限时则产生毒性。关于饮水中摄取的亚硒酸盐的毒性尚未肯定。Hadjimarkos等报告硒可导致龋齿的发病率增高。Beath报导了一起人类水源性硒中毒的情况。印第安族人在整整3个月中摄取了含9mg/l的硒后,出现脱发以及指甲脆裂,但Rosenfeld等报导,该族儿童在停止饮用高硒水后神经过敏者增多。Smith等报导了在土壤含硒量高的地区,出现胃肠道不适,牙齿损害以及黄胆样肤色。患有症状者尿硒为0.2～1.98mg/l,Glove报告正常尿硒范围为0.0～0.15 mg/l。     

食品中微量硒的示波极谱法分析条件的研究

目的：探索碘酸钾极谱体系测定食品中微量硒的方法。方法：采用微分电位溶出仪完成了碘酸钾极谱体系测定食品中微量硒的条件选择，包括反应时间、反应温度和放置时间等。并通过单因素和正交设计试验，对各试剂用量进行了选择和优化。结果：应用实验选择的方法测定番茄样品中微量硒，所得线性回归方程为Y=12810X＋8．7024，r^2=0．9996，硒的最小检出量为0．08μg／L，相对标准偏差为1．3％，加标回收率为93％～99％。结论：该方法测定食品中微量硒结果满意，该法具有灵敏度高，准确度好，仪器简单，操作简便等特点。     

高硫对动物血硒及脂质过氧化的影响和维生素E的作用

以家兔为实验对象，观察高硫对动物血清硒及过氧化脂质的影响和维生素Ｅ的作用。结果发现：高硫导致动物血硒降低，血清中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量增加。饲料中补充维生素Ｅ，则血清维生素Ｅ水平明显增加，血清ＭＤＡ含量明显低于高硫组；提示动物在摄取高硫的同时补充维生素Ｅ对增强动物的抗氧化作用有一定意义。     

氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法同时测定饮用水中砷和硒

砷、硒是生活饮用水中的毒理学指标。我国生活饮用水卫生标准对砷、硒的含量进行了严格的规定，砷为0．05mg／L，se为0．01mg／L。目前饮用水中测定砷、硒的方法很多，砷有：二乙氨基二硫代甲酸银分光光度法、砷班法等；硒有2，3-二氨基萘荧光法等，但这些方法费时，费力，灵敏度低。     

肺炎患儿硒营养状态与正常儿童的比较

为了解硒与小儿肺炎发生和发展的关系，作者比较了５７例住院肺炎患儿和８５例正常儿童的血浆、白细胞中硒和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性以及尿中硒含量。结果显示：肺炎患儿血浆和白细胞中硒含量及ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性均有不同程度的降低，尿中硒含量则有所增加。     

Selenised casein protects against AOM-induced colon tumors in Sprague Dawley rats

Selenium (Se) has been shown to be protective against cancers in animal models at concentrations exceeding those considered essential for normal nutritional requirements. Organic forms of Se provided as dairy proteins were obtained from cows fed diets supplemented with yeast Se. The casein extracted from milk was found to contain approximately half the Se of the Se-enriched milk. This casein was included in a semi-purified AIN rodent diet so as to provide 1 ppm Se and 25% protein and was compared with AIN diets containing no added Se (control, 0.05 ppm), 1 ppm and 4 ppm Se as selenised yeast (Sel-Plex) Their influence on colon tumor expression was examined in rats induced with azoxymethane, the diets being introduced post-induction. The selenised casein diet at this concentration was effective in reducing colon tumor incidence (by 29%) and burden (decreased 52%, P < 0.05) relative to the control in rats 26 wk post-induction. Selenised yeast, when added at similar (1 ppm) and increased Se concentration (4 ppm), did not influence significantly colon tumor expression. However, in a second study, with Se yeast providing Se at 1 ppm, 4 ppm, and 8 ppm throughout the experiment, a significant reduction in tumors was observed with 8 ppm Se (colon tumor incidence was 15% lower and colon tumor burden was 35% lower, P < 0.05). However this was associated with a significantly lower body weight in the rats (down 10.5%, P < 0.05) indicating a possible disturbance with normal energy intake or metabolism. The form in which Se is presented in the diet may influence significantly its bioavailability and/or anticancer potential at given concentrations within a safe range. The efficacy of selenised casein and indeed other potential dietary sources deserve further investigation with regard to their ability to prevent colon tumors at concentrations considered safe in the diet.     

Serum selenium concentrations and dietary selenium intake of New Zealand children aged 5-14 years

Serum Se concentrations and dietary Se intakes have been determined in relation to age, sex, ethnicity, region and index of deprivation in a nationally representative sample of New Zealand children aged 5-14 years from the 2002 National Children's Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake was assessed from computer-assisted, multiple-pass 24 h diet recall interviews (n 3275). Serum Se concentrations were obtained from a subset of urban-based children (n 1547). Mean (95 % CI) serum Se concentration in children was 0.96 (0.93, 1.00) micromol/l. Males (1.00 micromol/l) had higher serum Se levels than females (0.93 micromol/l; P = 0.027). M?ori children had lower serum Se than Pacific Islands children (P = 0.038) and New Zealand European and Other children (P = 0.005). Children in the Upper North Island (1.06 micromol/l) had higher mean serum Se values than those in the Lower North Island (0.98 micromol/l, P < 0.0005) and South Island (0.79 micromol/l, P < 0.0005), and serum Se in the Lower North Island was higher than that in the South Island (P < 0.0005). Mean dietary Se intake was 36 (34, 37) microg/d. The intakes of children aged 5-6 years (31 microg/d) were lower than those of children aged 7-10 and 11-14 years (35 and 38 microg/d, respectively; P < 0.00 005) and the intakes of 7-10-year-olds were lower than those of 11-14-year-olds (P = 0.002). Serum Se was associated with dietary Se after adjusting for all variables, including region (P = 0.006). The Se status of our children falls in the middle of the international range of serum Se concentrations, but that for children in the South Island is among the lowest values reported and may be a cause for concern.     

Digestibility and chemical species of selenium contained in high-selenium yeast

To evaluate the bioavailability of selenium (Se) in high-Se yeast (SeY), the digestibility and chemical species of Se in SeY were investigated. Both Se and nitrogen in SeY were readily released into the soluble fraction through trypsin digestion. In a Sephadex G-25 gel chromatography of the trypsin digest of SeY, the range in which Se was eluted was coincident with the range in which peptide fragments were eluted. Se was distributed almost uniformly within the range and there was no fraction that contained Se in a specifically high amount. A proteolytic enzyme extract of SeY was found to contain Se as selenomethionine (74.8%), selenocystine (9.9%), selenite (5.1%) and as at least three unknown Se compounds (10.2%) when analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICPMS). These results indicate that Se in SeY is mainly present as selenomethionine non-specifically incorporated into peptide chains and is highly digestible. Accordingly, it is concluded that the bioavailability of Se in SeY is high.     

硒与小儿肺炎关系的研究

为研究硒与小儿肺炎发生和发展的关系,测定了57例住院肺炎患儿和85例正常儿童的血浆、白细胞中硒和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性以及尿中硒含量,建立了实验动物模型,以验证和补充说明临床所得结果。结果:肺炎患儿血浆和白细胞中硒含量及GSH-Px活性均有不同程度的降低;尿中硒含量有所增加。感染支原体肺炎后,富硒组大鼠间质性肺炎的罹患率较低;给低硒组灌喂亚硒酸钠后,病情轻且病程短。说明患儿在肺炎时体内硒的消耗增多;动物实验提示:良好的硒营养状态可降低肺炎的发生率;肺炎早期补充硒,可使肺炎病情减轻且病程缩短。     

高硒高氟环境与人体健康关系的研究

选择环境氟水平相同硒水平不同的地方性氟中毒区进行环境氟、硒含量、人群氟、硒中毒以及血清中超氧歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）水平等项调查。结果表明高硒临界水平调查点居民氟中毒、硒中毒检出率明显高于正常硒水平调查点的居民（Ｐ＜０．０５），且居民尿氟、血硒明显增加（Ｐ＜０．００１），血清中ＳＯＤ值明显下降（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＭＤＡ值明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示高硒高氟可使机体内超氧歧化酶活性下降，脂质过氧化作用增强，从而加重了氟、硒中毒程度，即高氟高硒共存环境硒氟对机体影响表现为协同作用     

小儿肾病综合征与微量元素硒和锰的关系临床意义

[目的]为探讨微量元素硒(Se)和锰(Mn)与肾病综合征(NS)发病的关系.[方法]采用原子吸收分光光度仪,对36例急性期小儿肾病综合征及24例健康儿进行微量元素硒和锰检测.[结果]肾病组患儿Se和Mn含量显著低于正常对照组(t=3.51,P《0.01;t=2.43,P《0.05).血清Se和Mn与血清白蛋白、24小时尿蛋白之间具有相关性.[结论]Se和Mn含量减少,表明NS急性期存在着抗氧化能力下降,亦可能是容易感染和复发的原因之一.     

Analysis of Bioavailability and Induction of Glutathione Peroxidase by Dietary Nanoelemental,Organic and Inorganic Selenium

Dietary organic selenium (Se) is commonly utilized to increase formation of selenoproteins, including the major antioxidant protein, glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Inorganic Se salts, such as sodium selenite, are also incorporated into selenoproteins, and there is evidence that nanoelemental Se added to the diet may also be effective. We conducted two trials, the first investigated inorganic Se (selenite), organic Se (L-selenomethionine) and nanoelemental Se, in conventional mice. Their bioavailability and effectiveness to increase GPx activity were examined. The second trial focused on determining the mechanism by which dietary Se is incorporated into tissue, utilising both conventional and germ-free (GF) mice. Mice were fed a diet with minimal Se, 0.018 parts per million (ppm), and diets with Se supplementation, to achieve 0.07, 0.15, 0.3 and 1.7 ppm Se, for 5 weeks (first trial). Mass spectrometry, Western blotting and enzymatic assays were used to investigate bioavailability, protein levels and GPx activity in fresh frozen tissue (liver, ileum, plasma, muscle and feces) from the Se fed animals. Inorganic, organic and nanoelemental Se were all effectively incorporated into tissues. The high Se diet (1.7 ppm) resulted in the highest Se levels in all tissues and plasma, independent of the Se source. Interestingly, despite being ~11 to ~25 times less concentrated than the high Se, the lower Se diets (0.07; 0.15) resulted in comparably high Se levels in liver, ileum and plasma for all Se sources. GPx protein levels and enzyme activity were significantly increased by each diet, relative to control. We hypothesised that bacteria may be a vector for the conversion of nanoelemental Se, perhaps in exchange for S in sulphate metabolising bacteria. We therefore investigated Se incorporation from low sulphate diets and in GF mice. All forms of selenium were bioavailable and similarly significantly increased the antioxidant capability of GPx in the intestine and liver of GF mice and mice with sulphate free diets. Se from nanoelemental Se resulted in similar tissue levels to inorganic and organic sources in germ free mice. Thus, endogenous mechanisms, not dependent on bacteria, reduce nanoelemental Se to the metabolite selenide that is then converted to selenophosphate, synthesised to selenocysteine, and incorporated into selenoproteins. In particular, the similar efficacy of nanoelemental Se in comparison to organic Se in both trials is important in the view of the currently limited cheap sources of Se.     

Differential Patterns of Accumulation and Depuration of Dietary Selenium and Vanadium During Metamorphosis in the Gray Treefrog (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hyla versicolor</Emphasis>)

Selenium (Se) and vanadium (V) are contaminants commonly found in aquatic systems affected by wastes derived from fossil fuels. To examine their effects on a widely distributed species of amphibian, we exposed gray tree frogs (Hyla versicolor) to Se (as SeO₂) or V (as NaVO₃) in their diet from the early larval period to metamorphosis. Concentrations of Se in Se-enriched food were 1.0 (Se control), 7.5 (Se low), and 32.7 (Se high) μg/g dw. Concentrations of V in V-enriched food were 3.0 (V control), 132.1 (V low), and 485.7 (V high) μg/g dw. Although we observed bioaccumulation of both metals throughout the larval period, no effects on growth, survival, metabolic rate, or lipid content were observed. Se concentrations in tissues did not vary among life stages, neither in Se low nor Se high treatments, such that maximum accumulation had occurred by the mid-larval period. In addition, there was no evidence of depuration of Se in either the Se low or the Se high treatments during metamorphosis. A strikingly different pattern of accumulation and depuration occurred in V-exposed individuals. In treatments V low and V high, maximum body burdens occurred in “premetamorphs” (i.e., animals with developed forelimbs but in which tail resorption had not begun), whereas body burdens in animals having completed metamorphosis were much lower and similar to those in larvae. These results suggest that compared with Se-exposed animals, V-exposed animals were able to depurate a substantial amount of accumulated V during the metamorphic period. In an ecologic context, it appears that amphibians exposed to Se during the larval period may serve as a vector of the metal to terrestrial predators, yet potential transfer of accumulated V to predators would largely be restricted to the aquatic habitat.     

硒营养状况对大鼠感染肺炎支原体发病率的影响

本研究以大鼠为动物模型，观察了缺硒或适硒大鼠感染肺炎支原体（ＭＰ）间质性肺炎的发病率，以及感染后灌喂亚硒酸钠对发病率的影响。选择３周龄断乳Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠１５０只，在喂饲各自实验饲料４周后，用乙醚麻醉Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ组动物，滴鼻感染肺炎支原体（ＭＰ）菌液，Ｃ组在感染的同时，开始灌喂亚硒酸钠溶液（２Ｓｅμｇ／ｍｌ，每天灌喂剂量为１．５～２ｍｌ），持续１８天；Ｄ组在感染后第１１天灌喂亚硒酸钠溶液，持续７天；Ｂ组和Ｅ组自感染之日起，灌喂生理盐水１８天，Ａ组无感染。结果证明，适硒感染组支原体肺炎发病率低，适硒感染组和低硒感染同时补硒组严重肺炎例数和心肌损害例数均少于缺硒感染组。提示良好的硒营养状况可减少大鼠ＭＰ肺炎发病率，对感染时的心肌有保护作用；补硒可减轻病情和加速病变恢复