36例食物过敏与哮喘的临床关系

目的了解日常食品与哮喘的关系,包括食物品种和临床表现的特点。方法对36例哮喘患者进行食物皮肤特异性过敏试验。结果36例患者均有一项或一项以上阳性皮肤试验反应,部分为强阳性反应。对照液为阴性。致敏食物中淡水鱼占首位,其次为海鱼、虾、芝麻、红小豆等食物。结论食物过敏是支气管哮喘的一个重要诱因,哮喘可以是食物过敏的一种症状,临床上要认识到这点,以便及时诊治。     

THE DIAGNOSIS OF FOOD ALLERGY

It has been stated that allergic responses may affect as much as 16 per cent of the total population. The article discussed here suggests use of several methods to discover the specific foods responsible.     

慢性荨麻疹忌食疗法与食物不耐受IgG水平的研究

目的对有食物不耐受的慢性荨麻疹患者进行忌食治疗,检测忌食治疗前后食物过敏原IgG的变化及症状积分下降指数(Symptom Score Reduce Index,SSRI),探索忌食治疗的效果。方法将明确有食物不耐受的慢性荨麻疹70例在取得知情同意后随机分成对照组和实验组。实验组常规治疗2 w,同时根据食物不耐受情况,进行忌食治疗;对照组常规治疗2 w,不同时进行忌食治疗。治疗6个月后对两组进行食物过敏原IgG及SSRI比较。结果实验组的食物过敏原IgG阳性总级数从101级下降至67级,治疗前后比较有明显差异(p<0.05,SSRI=0.78),疗效显著;而对照组食物过敏原IgG阳性总级数从105级下降至100级,治疗前后比较无明显差异(p>0.05,SSRI=0.42),疗效不显著。两组在治疗后食物过敏原IgG的阳性级数有显著性差异(p<0.05),且实验组疗效明显好过对照组疗效,,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论慢性荨麻疹患者根据食物过敏原IgG情况,进行忌食治疗,可有效减轻慢性荨麻疹患者食物不耐受程度,为治疗提供一个有效途径。     

CHANGES IN CONSUMER CONCERNS REGARDING FOOD SAFETY AND TRUST IN NUTRITION EXPERTS' ADVICE

There has been an increasing emphasis on health risk in the public debate about food, and consumers are constantly exposed to conflicting sources of information about food safety and healthy diets. This may create uncertainty among consumers and affect food choice. This study aims to evaluate change in consumers' perception of food safety and in trust in nutrition experts' advice, as well as consumer awareness of health issues regarding food and the degree to which they take health into consideration when choosing food for their everyday meals. This report is based on two cross-sectional, interviewer-administered surveys of nationally representative samples of the Norwegian population over 15 years of age, conducted in 1994 (n=1048) and 1999 (n=999). The data were analyzed with the use of factor analysis, t-tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Consumers' uncertainty about food safety increased and trust in expert advice declined. Fewer consumers considered fat-rich foods to be a part of a healthy diet in1999 and fewer reported having health considerations in mind when making everyday food choices. Uncertainty was unrelated to consumer food choice, whereas trust had implications for the degree to which consumers chose what they believed to be a healthy diet. In conclusion, the results have shown that the decline in trust in expert advice may have important implications as to whether or not consumers use their nutritional knowledge in the choice of foods for their everyday meals.     

市场经济条件下医院制剂室存在的问题及出路

随着我国市场经济体系的日益完善、市场经济制度的逐步建立，医疗机构制剂室存在的问题日渐凸现。为此，我们根据国家药品管理法规，运用经济学的理论，对医院制剂室在市场经济条件下存在的问题进行分析，并就今后的出路及对策提出我们的建议，现报告如下：     

A STUDY OF POSTDIAGNOSIS BREAST CANCER CONCERNS FOR WOMEN LIVING IN RURAL AND REMOTE QUEENSLAND. PART II: SUPPORT ISSUES

This paper presents the recent findings from a study on the postdiagnosis support needs of women with breast cancer living in rural and remote Queensland. The findings presented in this discussion focus on support needs from the perspective of the women experiencing breast cancer as well as health service providers. The tyranny of distance imposes unique hardships, such as separation from family and friends, during a time of great vulnerability for treatment, the need to travel long distances for support and follow-up services, and extra financial burdens, which can combine to cause strains on the marital relationship and family cohesion. Positive indications are, however, that the rural communities operate on strong, informal networks of support. This network of family, friends and community can, and does, play an active role in the provision of emotional and practical support.     

META-ANALYSIS: CURRENT ISSUES IN RESEARCH SYNTHESIS

Recent concern about the effectiveness of alternative treatments in medicine and health, in education, in psychology, and in the social sciences has led to a consideration of how to combine or synthesize the results of independent studies. Historically, integration of independent results focused on how to combine p-values. More recently the emphasis has been on estimating effect sizes, which in turn has motivated a variety of alternative models depending on the experimental conditions. We here review the development of the field with an emphasis of diagnostics and future research.     

护理现状面临的法律问题分析与对策

随着国民法制教育的普及,文化生活水平的提高,患者在就医过程的法律意识及经济意识的增强,特别是新的《医疗事故处理条例》的执行,护理现状面临的法律问题亦日浮水面。因此,对护理现状面临的法律问题进行分析,探讨解决问题的方法和途径,是护理管理者当前的重要工作。1　护理现状面临的法律问题及分析1 1　护理人员无证上岗　《护士管理办法》规定,未经护士执业注册从事护理工作的,由行政主管部门予以取缔。而护生就业后,经过1～3个月的带教(主要熟悉科室情况) ,即独立工作的现象在各级医院相当普遍。一是由于临床护士缺乏管理者不得已而为之…     

医院采购管理现状、问题与建议

随着医疗体制改革的深入,医院采购管理已成为业内人士关注的重点。本文结合现阶段我国医疗行业的实际,在列举医院采购管理现状的同时,提出了克服医药采购弊端的新见解和对策。     

THE LACTOSE INTOLERANCE TEST AND MILK CONSUMPTION

Many children who show symptoms of lactose intolerance in a standard lactose tolerance test (LTT) can and do consume moderate amounts of milk without significant gastrointestinal upset. The LTT probably overemphasizes the problem of lactose deficiency in a population.     

INSULIN AND GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE IN MALNOURISHED RATS

Malnourished rats show glucose intolerance and a depressed insulin release in response to various stimuli. These occur despite the fact that the pancreatic content of insulin is elevated in the malnourished animals.     

THE ETIOLOGY AND IMPLICATIONS OF LACTOSE INTOLERANCE

Lactose intolerance does not mean milk Intolerance. Tolerance to lactose and lactase activity decrease with age. No correlation can yet be established between lactose intolerance and other factors such as length of breast feeding, continued milk consumption, or previous malnutrition.     

谈医院档案信息化管理现状、问题及对策

随着现代科学技术的发展,信息化交流在各层各级的应用越来越广泛。档案管理作为医院工作的重要组成部分,加强医院档案信息和其他信息纵向和横向交流,满足临床一线对信息需求的时效性、统计性,实现医院档案信息化建设是必然趋势。     

益生菌和酸奶对乳糖不耐受者的作用研究

目的:研究益生菌和酸奶对乳糖不耐症(lactoseintolerance,LI)者的作用及其机制。方法:以经乳糖负荷试验筛选的乳糖不耐受者11名为对象,持续摄入益生菌(含B.longum)和酸奶(含L.bulgaricus,S.thermophilus,B.animalis)14d进行补充研究。试验分3个阶段,第1阶段为基值阶段1w,第2阶段为补充阶段2w,第3阶段为补充后阶段1w。在第2阶段前后1d分别进行双标稳定同位素13C-lactose/2H-glucose负荷试验,分析受试者摄入底物后6h呼气H2浓度值,以及血浆13C-glucose和2H-glucose浓度,并计算乳糖消化指数(lactosedigestionindex,LDI),乳糖消化量和口—结肠转运时间(orocecaltransittime,OCTT)。整个实验期间共收集5次粪便样本,分析β-半乳糖苷酶活性。结果:在第2阶段补充结束后个体LI症状评分显著低于补充前(7.09±5.50vs16.09±10.03,P<0.05);LDI、乳糖消化量、OCTT和各时间点呼气H2浓度在补充前后无显著性改变;粪便β-半乳糖苷酶活性在补充第1w即开始升高,补充第2w显著高于基值(147.6±165.8IUvs77.3±77.2IU,P<0.05)。结论:持续摄入益生菌和酸奶具有明显改善乳糖不耐受症状的作用,其原因可能与结肠β-半乳糖苷酶活性的增加有关。     

A STUDY OF POSTDIAGNOSIS BREAST CANCER CONCERNS FOR WOMEN LIVING IN RURAL AND REMOTE QUEENSLAND. PART I: PERSONAL CONCERNS

The findings presented in this paper are part of a research project designed to provide a preliminary indication of the support needs of postdiagnosis women with breast cancer in remote and isolated areas in Queensland. This discussion will present data that focuses on the women's expressed personal concerns. For participants in this research a diagnosis of breast cancer involves a confrontation with their own mortality and the possibility of a reduced life span. This is a definite life crisis, creating shock and needing considerable adjustment. Along with these generic issues the participants also articulated significant issues in relation to their experience as women in a rural setting. These concerns centred around worries about how their partner and families cope during their absences for treatment, the additional burden on the family of having to cope with running the property or farm during the participant's absence or illness, added financial strain brought about by the cost of travel for treatment, maintenance of properties during absences, and problems created by time off from properties or self-employment. These findings accord with other reports of health and welfare services for rural Australian and the generic literature on psycho-oncology studies of breast cancer.