多层螺旋CT血管成像在下肢静脉阻塞性病变中的临床应用

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)在下肢静脉阻塞性病变中的临床应用价值.方法 对52例临床疑有下肢静脉阻塞性病变的患者行16层螺旋CT扫描及血管三维重建, 分析CT血管成像技术,其中44例患者做了DSA检查,与DSA检查进行比较,评价MSCTA在下肢静脉阻塞性病变中的应用价值.结果 44例患者中有26例髂静脉受压综合征,其中12例合并下肢深静脉血栓形成.下肢深血栓形成病例共27例.5例CT检查显示其他原因的阻塞:布-加氏综合征1例合并两下肢深静脉广泛血栓形成、左侧腹股沟区囊肿压迫左侧髂外静脉1例、盆腔肿块压迫左侧髂总静脉2例、右侧输尿管肿瘤复发侵犯右髂外静脉1例.下肢深静脉血栓形成合并肺动脉栓塞5例.以DSA为诊断标准,下肢静脉阻塞性病变的MSCTA诊断符合率为100%.结论 MSCTA对下肢静脉阻塞性病变的诊断有较高的临床应用价值.     

多层螺旋CT血管成像与DSA对照诊断下肢静脉阻塞性病变

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(multi-slice CT angiography,MSCTA)在下肢静脉阻塞性病变中的应用价值。方法对32例临床疑有下肢静脉阻塞性病变患者行16层螺旋CT血管成像及血管三维重建,并进行DSA检查,结合临床资料分析CTA技术及其在下肢静脉阻塞性病变中的应用价值。结果32例疑诊下肢静脉阻塞性病变患者,MSCTA诊断髂静脉受压综合征19例,其中左侧髂总静脉受压16例,右侧髂总静脉或其分支受压3例。下肢深静脉血栓形成9例,其中左下肢2例,右下肢5例,双下肢2例。左侧腹股沟区囊肿压迫左侧髂外静脉1例。单纯左下肢浅静脉曲张1例。以上30例CT诊断结果均与DSA结果相符合。MSCTA诊断右侧股腘静脉扩张1例,未见异常1例,该2例DSA均提示下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全。结论MSCTA对下肢静脉阻塞性病变的诊断有较高的临床应用价值。     

多层螺旋CT血管成像与彩色多普勒超声诊断下肢静脉阻塞性病变的比较研究

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)及彩色多普勒超声在下肢静脉阻塞性病变中的临床应用价值.方法 对50例临床疑有下肢静脉阻塞性病变的患者行MSCTA及彩色多普勒超声检查,其中44例患者做了DSA检查,与DSA检查进行比较,评价MSCTA及彩色多普勒超声在下肢静脉阻塞性病变中的应用价值.结果 44例患者中MSCTA发现下肢静脉阻塞性病变43例,其中下肢静脉血栓形成28例,髂静脉受压综合征18例,其中3例合并下肢深静脉血栓形成.彩色多普勒超声发现下肢静脉阻塞性病变39例,其中下肢静脉血栓形成27例,髂静脉受压综合征15例,其中3例合并下肢深静脉血栓形成.以DSA为诊断标准,下肢静脉阻塞性病变的MSCTA及彩色多普勒超声诊断结果无明显统计学差异.结论 MSCTA及彩色多普勒超声对下肢静脉阻塞性病变的诊断均具有较高的临床应用价值,MSCTA对髂静脉受压综合征诊断价值更大.     

彩色多普勒超声诊断下肢静脉疾病的临床价值——与DSA比较研究

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在下肢静脉疾病中的应用价值,并与DSA比较.方法 成用彩色多普勒超声仪对48例临床疑有下肢静脉疾病患者行二维彩色多普勒血流成像、脉冲多普勒及Valsalva试验等检查,并与DSA检查比较.结果 48例患者中有下肢深静脉血栓形成27例,其中15例合并下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全,8例合并下肢浅静脉曲张,2例两者俱存,另有1例左侧腘窝囊肿合并腘静脉血栓,部分病例提示髂静脉流速减慢.单纯下肢静脉瓣膜功能不全5例,单纯下肢浅静脉曲张6例,6例两者俱存.4例超声检查正常,其中2例DSA提示有髂静脉受压.以DSA为诊断标准,诊断符合率为95.8%,两种方法行一致性检验,Kappa值为0.65.结论 彩色多普勒超声对下肢静脉疾病的临床诊断及疗效判断有重要的应用价值.     

Cockett综合征二例

Cockett综合征又称为May-Thurner综合征或骼总静脉压迫综合征,为右侧髂总动脉压迫左侧髂总静脉所致[1,2],形成的原因不明。目前诊断方法中DSA较为常用。本次研究初步探讨64层CT对该病的诊断价值,旨在探求一种更加安全可靠的诊断方法。病例资料病例1,女,38岁,左侧下肢肿胀及静脉     

多层螺旋CT血管造影诊断髂及下肢动脉闭塞性病变的价值

目的:评价多层螺旋CT诊断髂及下肢血管闭塞性病变的价值。材料和方法:185例怀疑髂总动脉及下肢动脉闭塞性病变的患者行16层螺旋CT血管造影检查。其中大动脉炎6例,外伤4例和动脉粥样硬化175例。采用16层螺旋CT,层厚1.25mm,重建间隔1mm。100mL非离子造影剂(300mgI/mL)以4mL/s的速度经手背静脉或肘静脉注入,注射开始后25~30S进行扫描。在工作站获得多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积重建(VR)图像,并应用血管分析软件测量血管狭窄程度。结果:128例CTA可显示髂及下肢动脉狭窄/闭塞。有7例患者行血管内支架治疗;26例行人工血管架桥或大隐静脉植入手术,31例患者同时进行了MSCTA和DSA检查。MSCTA对腘动脉以上和腘动脉以下狭窄和闭塞显示与DSA一致性好。结论:多层面螺旋CT是下肢血管病变的术前评价和术后复查非常有用的影像手段,可以替代有创的诊断性血管造影检查。     

直接法MSCTV对下肢深静脉梗阻性病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨双筒双流直接法多层螺旋CT静脉造影(MSCTV)对下肢深静脉梗阻性病变的诊断价值.方法 对临床高度怀疑下肢深静脉梗阻性病变的100例患者进行双筒双流直接法MSCTV,将重建的薄层图像数据导入后处理工作站行最大密度投影(MIP),多平面重组(MPR)及容积重建(VR)等,分析下肢深静脉梗阻性病变的影像学表现并进行图像质量分级.所有患者均在直接法MSCTV 1周内进行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查.结果 直接法MSCTV显示100例患者双侧下肢深静脉重组图像显示清晰,重组血管对比度良好.双下肢深静脉显示情况质量分级:下腔静脉优占95％、髂总静脉优占94％、髂外静脉优占95％、股静脉优占95.5％、胭静脉优占96.5％、小腿静脉优占92％.100例患者中8例正常,92例显示不同部位、不同程度的静脉梗阻(其中多发性静脉梗阻64例,单发性梗阻28例).下肢深静脉梗阻部位:下腔静脉3支,髂总静脉67支,髂外静脉28支,股静脉50支,腘静脉26支,胫前静脉89支,胫后静脉35支,腓静脉5支.DSA显示100例患者中7例正常,93例显示不同部位、不同程度的下肢深静脉梗阻.结论 直接法MSCTV可准确地显示下肢深静脉梗阻的情况,明确下肢深静脉梗阻的原因,图像清晰度及可靠性高,可明确病灶的范围和程度及侧支循环的建立与否,有重要临床应用价值.     

磁共振血管成像在髂静脉受压综合征中的诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振血管成像(MRA)在髂静脉受压中的应用价值。方法对39例临床怀疑髂股静脉病变的患者进行2D-TOFMRA检查。结果MRA发现髂静脉受压24例,其中左侧髂总静脉受压17例,左侧髂总静脉和右侧髂外静脉同时受压4例,单纯右侧髂外静脉受压3例。结论2D-TOFMRA作为一种无创性检查,是诊断髂静脉受压的有效方法,有一定的临床价值。     

髂静脉受压综合征的影像诊断进展

髂静脉受压综合征是较常见的下肢静脉回流障碍性疾病,常继发下肢肿胀、静脉淤滞性皮炎、下肢深静脉血栓及下肢静脉瓣膜功能不全等。目前常用的影像诊断方法包括超声、CT、MR及DSA,本文就各影像学方法对髂静脉受压综合征的诊断作一综述。     

单纯下肢深静脉顺行造影诊断髂静脉压迫综合征

目的: 探讨单纯下肢深静脉顺行造影诊断髂静脉压迫综合征的临床应用价值.材料和方法: 用SIEMENS R200多功能X线机进行单纯下肢深静脉顺行造影并分析其表现.结果: 62例髂静脉压迫综合征的髂静脉均良好显示,髂静脉受压段管径增宽、局部密度减低、充盈缺损、管腔闭塞及侧枝循环形成、造影剂排空延迟.结论: 单纯下肢深静脉顺行造影诊断髂静脉压迫综合征可作为常规首选检查.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.