茶树油皮肤消毒液的毒理学安全性评价

目的研究茶树油皮肤消毒液反复使用对哺乳动物的毒性,为茶树油消毒剂的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。方法按照《消毒技术规范〉）（2002年版）,采用大、小鼠急性经口毒性试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、家兔皮肤刺激性毒性试验和大鼠亚急性毒性试验,观察茶树油皮肤消毒液对实验动物的毒性作用。结果大、小鼠的急性经口毒性试验结果显示,茶树油皮肤消毒液的LD50均大于5000mg／kgBW,属实际无毒级;小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验结果为阴性,未发现该受试样品对体细胞有诱变作用;新西兰家兔的多次完整皮肤束B激实验结果,每只动物的平均积分小于0．5,属无刺激性;亚急性毒性试验,给药量在1000mg／kgBW以下,各剂量组与阴性对照组比较,大鼠的体重、脏体系数、血清生化指标及血常规无显著影响,脏器组织病理学检查未发现异常。结论在本实验条件下,茶树油皮肤消毒液毒性较低,刺激性小,将其开发成消毒剂具有广阔的前景。     

聚六亚甲基双胍复方消毒剂毒性试验观察

目的聚六亚甲基双胍复方消毒剂是以盐酸聚六亚甲基双胍为主要成分的复方消毒液。采用动物毒性试验对其经口毒性、皮肤刺激试验性、蓄积毒性、致微核作用、小鼠精子致畸作用、致敏性进行了研究。结果小鼠经口LD50>5000mg/kg·bw,对皮肤刺激反应积分均值为0,小鼠蓄积系数k>5。无毒,对手无刺激,有弱蓄积毒性,无致微核作用、对雄性小鼠精子无致畸作用,无致敏作用,可用皮肤消毒。     

稳定性二氧化氯消毒剂的皮肤刺激和亚急性毒性试验研究

目的了解稳定性二氧化氯反复使用的生物安全性。方法采用多次完整皮肤刺激试验和亚急性毒性试验进行观察。结果在兔多次完整皮肤刺激试验中,稳定性二氧化氯在二氧化氯含量为1996.5mg/L的浓度下多次接触动物完整皮肤未引起动物皮肤刺激反应,属于无刺激性物质;在亚急性毒性试验中,动物经过30d喂养后,试验各剂量组实验动物生长发育良好,体重增加正常,与正常对照组相比较,差异无显著性;各剂量组实验动物血常规和血生化指标与对照组比较差异均无显著性;实验动物各脏器均未见明显病理改变。结论该稳定性二氧化氯在本次试验条件下,未显示对兔完整皮肤有刺激作用;也未显示对大鼠有亚急性毒性作用。     

富含DHA的鱼油制剂遗传毒性和亚急性毒性研究

目的研究富含DHA的鱼油制剂对哺乳动物的遗传毒性和亚急性毒性的影响,了解富含DHA的鱼油制剂可能存在的远期危害和毒性作用。方法采用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和大鼠亚急性毒性试验,观察3.33g/kg.BW、1.67g/kg.BW和0.83g/kg.BW剂量的富含DHA的鱼油制剂对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响及对产生亚急性毒性作用。结果通过小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验未观察到富含DHA的鱼油制剂有明显的诱导骨髓细胞形成微核的作用;通过大鼠亚急性毒性试验未观察到与受试物有关的毒性作用的最大剂量。结论实验未观察到富含DHA的鱼油制剂对哺乳动物产生遗传毒性和亚急性毒性作用,也未发现其可能存在的远期危害,有关其在其它方面的毒理学作用还有待进一步研究。     

一种过氧化氢手消毒液的毒理及现场手消毒试验观察

目的：验证一种复方过氧化氢手消毒液的毒性和现场手消毒试验效果。方法：采用动物试验法对其毒性作出评价,采用现场手消毒试验对其消毒效果进行了实验观察。结果：含过氧化氢13.35g·L-1该复方过氧化氢手消毒液,对日本大耳兔皮肤刺激性试验积分均值为0,按皮肤刺激强度分级评定为无刺激;对雌、雄性小鼠经口LD50﹥5000mg·kg-1,属实际无毒。用10.03g·L-1复方过氧化氢手消毒液,对外科手涂抹消毒作用3min,平均细菌菌落总数为0cfu·cm-2;对医务人员手卫生消毒涂抹作用1min,平均细菌菌落总数为5cfu·cm-2,对手自然菌平均杀灭对数值为1.46。结论：该复方过氧化氢手消毒液对外科手消毒、医务人员手的卫生消毒具有较好的应用效果,属实际无毒级物质,具有较高的使用安全性。     

强氧酸性离子水毒性试验研究

目的 了解新型消毒剂强氧酸性离子水的毒性。方法 采用一次性限量灌胃法测定急性经口ＬＤ５０;采用剂量递增蓄积系数法测定蓄积毒性;采用取样前３０小时、６小时两次给予受试物法测定其对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核形成的影响;用斑贴法测定其对动物的皮肤刺激强度;用棉条浸入法测定其对大鼠阴道粘膜的刺激强度。结果急性经口ＬＤ５０大于２１５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｂｗ,属实际无毒物,蓄积试验属弱蓄积性,对小鼠骨髓微核细胞未见损伤作用,对家兔皮肤和大鼠阴道粘膜无刺激。结论 强氧酸性离子水是一种安全的消毒剂。     

一种中草药消毒液遗传毒性研究

目的研究白速消皮肤黏膜消毒液的遗传毒性。方法对白速消皮肤黏膜消毒液进行小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核(MNPCE)试验和小鼠精子畸形试验。结果白速消皮肤黏膜消毒液小鼠微核试验、精子畸形试验阴性。结论白速消皮肤黏膜消毒液对实验动物未见遗传毒性,可以安全使用。     

α-溴代肉桂醛的毒性研究

用急性毒性试验、亚急性毒性试验及传统致畸试验研究了α-溴代肉桂醛(BCA)的毒性,结果表明,该物质为低毒类化学物;对皮肤和眼睛有非特异性炎性刺激作用;对SD大鼠经口亚急性毒性试验最小作用剂量为369 mg/kg体重;对SD大鼠无胚胎毒性及致畸作用。     

IVC笼盒常用两种消毒剂毒性比较

目的对常用过氧乙酸和二氯异氰尿酸钠两种消毒剂毒性进行毒理学评价，检验其使用的安全性。方法采用急性、亚急性动物毒性试验方法，对一些毒理学试验结果进行比较。结果过氧乙酸和二氯异氰尿酸钠半数致死量（LD50）试验均属低毒；2g/L过氧乙酸对动物皮肤无刺激，对眼睛有轻度刺激；以112mg/L有效氯溶液对豚鼠皮肤有轻度刺激性；3种剂量诱导小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞（PCE）微核细胞率与阴性对照组比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05），对小鼠PCE无诱变作用；对小鼠精子无致畸作用（P〉0.05）。结论过氧乙酸和二氯异氰尿酸钠两种消毒剂属于低毒级物质，在一般消毒使用浓度下具有较好的使用安全性。     

玉洁新伤口清洗液毒理学试验研究

目的 :为验证玉洁新伤口清洗液 (主要成分为 2 ,4 ,4’ 三氯 2’羟基二苯醚 ,含量为 990mg/L)的安全性 ,我们参照卫生部《消毒技术规范》的检验及评价方法进行了毒理学试验。结果表明 :急性经口毒性属实际无毒级 ;对眼刺激、皮肤刺激、阴道粘膜刺激属无刺激性 ;致敏强度属极轻致敏级 ;对大鼠蓄积毒性为弱蓄积毒性 :对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞无致微核作用。证实了该玉洁新伤口清洗液 ,安全性可靠 ,可应用于临床使用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.