超声诊断小儿游走脾并脾扭转、脾梗死1例

患儿女,2岁.10余天前无明显诱因出现腹部不适,无恶心、呕吐,无呕血、黑便.3d前因上呼吸道感染在当地医院就诊,超声检查时发现腹部占位,随后转入我院就诊.查体:腹部可以触及10.0 cm×8.0cm大小的肿块,质韧,活动度可.腹部无压痛及反跳痛.超声检查:左侧腹部测及中等回声包块,大小约8.3 cm×6.2 cm×3.9 cm,呈半月状,回声不均质,内见多处片状不均匀低回声区,肿块内侧部分凹陷,形成"肿块门"表现,并见系带样强回声伸入肿块内.彩色多普勒示肿块及"肿块门"内未见血流信号.左上腹脾区未见脾回声.     

婴儿肠系膜脂肪瘤超声表现1例

<正>患儿女,10个月25 d,因"无明显诱因呕吐1 d"就诊。体格检查:腹部平软,无肌紧张及压痛,未触及明显异常包块。肛门指检:进指顺利,可及大小约3.0 cm×4.0 cm包块,质软,无触痛,边界清楚,稍活动。超声检查:右中下腹可探及7.0 cm×6.6 cm×3.8 cm不均质包块,略呈椭圆状,边界尚清晰,与肠管分界尚清,包块内回声不均匀,未见明显分叶,实质大部为稍强回声,亦可     

巨大肾积脓超声表现1例

患者女,78岁.主因"发现左上腹包块半年,伴疼痛,偶发热,近1个月包块明显增大,疼痛加剧"来我院就诊.曾在当地卫生院接受抗感染治疗.查体:体温39.2℃,脉搏86次/分,血压125/76 mmHg,左腹部明显膨隆,可扪及大小约25 cm×20 cm的包块,质韧,压痛阳性,表面光滑,活动度差.超声:左肾区未见正常肾脏样回声,左侧腹部可见约290 mm×210 mm的无回声区,边界欠清晰,形态不规则,内可见光带分隔及细密点状回声.右肾切面形态尚可,右肾集合系统未见分离,右肾大小为122 mm×53 mm,实质厚11 mm,其内可见无回声区,边界清晰,约64 mm×68 mm.下腹可见52 mm的无回声区.     

肠系膜炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤伴阑尾黏液囊肿超声表现1例

患者女,55岁.因左上腹包块,4个月,申请超声检查.既往史无特殊.查体:左上腹扪及大小12.0 cm×15.0 cm的包块,质硬,活动,边界清,无压痛、反跳痛.彩超所见:(1)左上腹查见混合回声团块,大小约16.0 cm×13.0 cm×6.3 cm,边界清,未见明显包膜,内部回声不均质,强回声与低回声交替,以低同声为主,间杂索条状强回声.团块活动度大,后方与腹主动脉比邻.     

膀胱平滑肌瘤1例

患者女,48岁,3年前无明显诱因出现尿急、尿频和间断性尿道刺痛症状,未见肉眼血尿.此后症状间断性出现,气温下降时明显.半个月前症状明显加重,当地医院B超提示膀胱占位病变.查体:无腰痛,肾、输尿管走行区及膀胱区无隆起,无叩击痛和压痛.实验室尿检:WBC(++),RBC(0～1/HP),脓细胞(-),隐血:阳性.B超:膀胱内壁可探及大小约7.6 cm×6.7 cm的实质性包块,边界清,形态规则,有完整包膜.包块内侧大部分向膀胱内突起,内部回声不均,可见少许无回声区.膀胱镜检查:膀胱黏膜未见充血,未见小梁.膀胱右侧顶部可见一大小约5.0 cm×5.0 cm肿块,似外压肿瘤.     

超声诊断腹膜后巨大脂肪肉瘤合并急性胃穿孔1例

患者男,47岁,因突发腹痛4h。体格检查：全腹平坦,未见肠型及蠕动波,中上腹压痛明显伴反跳痛、肌紧张,下腹部无明显压痛,未扪及包块。肝脾肋下未及,肝浊音界消失,双肾区无叩痛,无移动性浊音。临床上消化道穿孔。超声检查：受气体干扰明显,肝未显示全貌,所见肝外形规则,包膜完整,实质回声均匀。胆脾双肾未见明显异常。肝右下缘见一实质性团状低回声,大小约11．0cm×8．2cm,边界尚清晰,形态尚规则,内部回声欠均匀（图1）;肿块内未探及明显彩色血流信号。     

B型超声诊断胆总管乳头状囊腺癌1例

患者女性,17岁,于1月前无意中发现右上腹包块,逐渐增大,伴有右上腹疼痛不适,遂来我院就诊。查体生命体征正常,右上腹呈局限性膨隆,可触及一质硬包块,大小约18×15cm,表面尚光滑,无明显压痛。B超听见:肝脏大小形态及回声正常,胆囊被挤压、前移,右上腹探及大小约18.0×15.3×16.0cm混合性异常回声区,边界尚清,形态不规则,内壁不规整,其内见分隔样强回声光带及不规则乳头状强回声,无回声区处透声尚     

阑尾黏液性囊肿超声表现1例

患者女性,67岁。因右下腹隐痛5d就诊。查体:一般情况良好,心肺未见异常。右下腹压痛,无反跳痛及肌紧张,未触及明显包块。妇科检查:绝经后子宫,活动好,无压痛,左侧附件区未及异常,右侧附件区偏上方触及一囊性包块,质偏韧,略活动,边界清,明显触痛。临床初步诊断为右卵巢囊肿慢性蒂扭转。经阴道超声检查:子宫体前位,大小约2 .7cm×3 .1cm×2 .3cm ,肌壁回声均匀,外形平滑,内膜呈线状高回声,厚约1mm ,规则。左卵巢大小约1.8cm×0 .7cm ,右卵巢显示不清,右附件区未见包块回声。经腹部超声检查:右下腹部测及一大小约5 .9cm×5 .0cm×6.1cm无回声包…     

卵巢平滑肌瘤超声表现1例

患者女,35岁.体检发现右侧附件包块2年.妇科检查:子宫前位,正常大小,质中,无压痛;右附件区可扪及一鸡蛋大小的包块,质韧,活动度一般,压痛(-),左附件区未及明显异常.入院检查肿瘤标志物未见明显异常.超声检查:子宫前位,5.8 cm×4.3 cm×3.4 cm,形态规则,回声分布不均,子宫左侧壁宫颈内口水平见低回声团,范围约2.5 cm×2.4 cm,其形态规则,边界尚清晰,内部回声欠均匀;内膜厚0.4 cm;左侧卵巢2.3 cm×1.4 cm;右侧附件区见实性低回声团,大小约5.9 cm×4.0 cm×3.7 cm,形态尚规则,边界清晰,内部回声不均匀,后方回声未见增强或衰减,紧邻其旁似可见范围约2.5cm×1.0 cm的卵巢组织;彩色多普勒血流显像示右侧附件区低回声团内部可见少量血流信号(图1),测得其中一支动脉频谱,阻力指数0.69.盆腔积液前后径1.2 cm.超声提示:子宫肌瘤(肌壁间);右侧附件区低回声团(卵巢实性包块?阔韧带肌瘤?).患者行腹腔镜下右侧卵巢肿瘤切除术,手术所见:子宫前位,正常大小,右侧卵巢增大,表面见一大小约5 cm×5 cm的肿块突起,包膜完整,色白,右侧输卵管及左侧附件形态未见明显异常;盆腔见量约30 ml的黄色积液.病检结果示:右卵巢非典型平滑肌瘤.     

腹部多发韧带样型纤维瘤病1例

正患者女,43岁,发现腹部包块20天,腹痛半天,3年前曾接受剖宫产术。查体:下腹压痛,右下腹肌紧张及反跳痛,右下腹可触及包块,质硬,活动度差。实验室检查:外周血白细胞11.4×109/L,中性粒细胞0.92。CT平扫示右下腹腔及右下腹直肌区分别见10.20cm×11.92cm×10.53cm及6.11cm×3.72cm×6.74cm肿块,边界清楚,密度较均匀,CT值分别约21HU和35HU,同层腹肌平扫CT值约50HU;右下腹腔肿     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.