甲氨蝶呤联合米非司酮治疗异位妊娠疗效观察

摘 要 目的:观察甲氨蝶呤联合米非司酮治疗异位妊娠的临床疗效。方法：58例异位妊娠患者按入院前后次序分为观察组及对照组各29例。对照组予甲氨蝶呤50 mg·m-2,im bid;观察组在对照组基础上,加用米非司酮片50 mg,po bid。两组疗程均为3 d。治疗后比较两组治愈率、二次用药率及不良反应发生率。结果：观察组治愈率为93.1%,高于对照组的69.0%（P<0.05）;二次用药率为10.3%,明显低于对照组的48.4%（P<0.05）;两组不良反应发生差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：甲氨蝶呤联合米非司酮治疗异位妊娠效果确切,能明显降低二次用药率,值得临床推广使用。     

丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸肠溶片治疗重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的疗效及对患者肝功能影响观察

摘 要 目的： 研究丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸肠溶片在重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症治疗中的疗效及对肝功能的影响。方法: 2013年7月~2014年11月,122例重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症患者按入院顺序分为观察组（61例）和对照组（61例）。两组患者均给予常规治疗,观察组在此基础上给予丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸肠溶片治疗。观察两组患者治疗后的临床疗效、瘙痒程度、围生儿和妊娠结局情况,比较两组患者治疗前后肝功能指标变化。结果: 治疗后,两组患者各项肝功能指标均明显低于治疗前,且观察组患者各项指标明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,观察组总有效率（96.72%）显著高于对照组（80.33%）,瘙痒程度显著低于对照组,围生儿和妊娠结局情况显著优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸肠溶片治疗重度妊娠期内胆汁淤积症疗效较好,能明显改善肝功能指标,安全性较高,值得广泛推广使用。     

地屈孕酮片治疗原因不明复发性流产患者的疗效及对细胞免疫因子的影响观察

摘 要 目的：探讨地屈孕酮片治疗原因不明复发性流产患者的疗效,及对患者细胞免疫因子的影响。方法: 不明原因复发性流产患者90例随机分为观察组和对照组各45例。对照组患者妊娠后给予注射用绒促性素治疗,观察组患者停经35d后给予地屈孕酮片治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后白细胞介素 4（IL 4）、白细胞介素 10（IL 10）、白细胞介素 17（IL 17）和干扰素（IFN γ）水平变化,以及两组治疗前后患者辅助性T淋巴细胞（Th17/CD4+）、调节性T淋巴细胞（Treg/CD4+）和辅助性T淋巴细胞/调节性T淋巴细胞（Th17/Treg）变化。观察治疗后妊娠成功率和流产率,以及药品不良反应发生情况。结果: 治疗后,两组患者血清IL 4、IL 10水平较前明显上升,IL 17和IFN γ水平则较前明显下降（P<0.05）;且观察组血清IL 4、IL 10水平高于对照组,IL 17和IFN γ水平则低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组患者的Th17/CD4+、Th17/Treg均较前明显下降,Treg/CD4+则较前明显上升（P<0.05）;且组间比较,观察组Th17/CD4+、Th17/Treg低于对照组,Treg/CD4+高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组妊娠率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）,流产率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）;药品不良反应发生率也低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论: 地屈孕酮片治疗原因不明复发性流产患者效果显著,可以有效改善患者的细胞免疫因子,值得临床推广使用。     

氨氯地平阿托伐他汀对高血压合并冠心病患者血压、血脂的影响观察

摘 要 目的： 探讨氨氯地平阿托伐他汀对高血压合并冠心病患者血压、血脂的影响。方法: 高血压合并冠心病门诊患者80例随机分为观察组40例与对照组40例。对照组患者给予氨氯地平片10 mg,po,qn;观察组患者给予氨氯地平阿托伐他汀片20 mg,po,qn。两组疗程均为6周。观察两组治疗前后血压、血脂变化,比较两组临床疗效及药品不良反应。结果: 两组患者治疗后收缩压、舒张压及血脂各项指标均较治疗前明显改善（P＜0.05）;且观察组患者各项指标均明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后,观察组临床总有效率为92.5%,高于对照组的80.0%（P＜0.05）。两组药品不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:氨氯地平阿托伐他汀片治疗高血压合并冠心病,能明显改善患者血压、血脂水平,临床疗效确切,不良反应少,值得临床推广应用。     

右美托咪定与丙泊酚联用于老年患者无痛胃镜麻醉的临床观察

摘 要 目的： 观察右美托咪定与丙泊酚联用在老年患者无痛胃镜麻醉中的效果及安全性。方法: 拟行无痛胃镜检查的老年患者70例随机分为观察组（35例）和对照组（35例）;观察组给予右美托咪定联合丙泊酚麻醉,对照组给予丙泊酚麻醉。比较两组患者的麻醉诱导时间、苏醒时间,患者不同时点的生命体征,术中并发症、药品不良反应等指标。结果: 观察组麻醉诱导时间、苏醒时间均短于对照组（P<0.01）。两组患者平均动脉压（MAP）在T2、T3、T4阶段均明显低于T1阶段（P<0.05或P<0.01）;对照组的HR在T3阶段、R在T2阶段均低于T1阶段（P<0.05）;观察组的RR在T2阶段明显低于T1阶段（P<0.05）;观察组MAP在T2、T3阶段明显高于对照组（P<0.01）,在T4阶段低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组的HR在T3阶段明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组患者术中并发症显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论:右美托咪定联合丙泊酚的麻醉效果与安全性均高于单用丙泊酚,值得临床推广应用。     

保妇康栓治疗宫颈柱状上皮异位疗效及对子宫颈组织ICMI-1mRNA、TGF-β1m RNA及炎性细胞因子水平的影响

摘 要 目的： 探讨保妇康栓治疗宫颈柱状上皮异位的疗效及对子宫颈组织细胞间黏附分子1（ICMI 1）、转化生长因子SymbolbA@1（TGF SymbolbA@1）mRNA表达以及炎性细胞因子的影响。方法: 宫颈柱状上皮异位患者102例随机分为观察组和对照组,每组51例。观察组给予保妇康栓治疗,对照组给予冷冻治疗。均连续治疗7 d。观察两组临床疗效和不良反应情况,比较两组患者治疗前后子宫颈组织ICMI 1 mRNA和TGF SymbolbA@1 mRNA表达及血清炎性细胞因子水平变化。结果: 观察组总有效率为94.12%,明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组治疗后ICMI 1 mRNA和TGF SymbolbA@1 mRNA均较治疗前明显降低（P＜0.05）,且观察组明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。对照组治疗前后白介素 6（IL 6）和白介素 1（IL 1）无明显变化（P＞0.05）;观察组治疗后IL 6和IL 1较治疗前明显降低（P＜0.05）,且低于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组治疗前后月经期和月经周期无明显变化,未见不良反应发生。结论: 保妇康能有效治疗宫颈柱状上皮异位,降低宫颈柱状上皮异位患者子宫组织ICMI-1mRNA、TGF-β1m RNA表达以及血清炎性细胞因子水平。     

玻璃酸钠滴眼液联合重组人表皮生长因子滴眼液治疗白内障术后干眼症的疗效观察

摘 要 目的：观察玻璃酸钠滴眼液联合重组人表皮生长因子（rhEGF）滴眼液治疗白内障术后干眼症的临床疗效。方法：白内障术后干眼症患者80例（80眼）随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例（40眼）。对照组给予玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用rhEGF滴眼液治疗,两组疗程均为4周。比较两组患者用药前及用药2周、4周的干眼症状评分,两组泪膜破裂时间（BUT）、泪液分泌试验（SIt）及角膜荧光素染色（FL）情况,评价两组疗效和药品不良反应。结果：观察组总有效率为97.5%,显著性高于对照组的75.0%(P<0.05)。治疗2周、4周后,两组干眼症状评分均较前显著下降（P<0.05）;且观察组评分明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组BUT、SIt均较前显著上升,FL较前显著降低（P<0.05）;且观察组BUT、SIt明显高于对照组,FL明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。对照组药品不良反应发生率显著高于观察组（P<0.05）。结论：玻璃酸钠滴眼液联合rhEGF滴眼液可以显著改善白内障术后干眼症患者的临床症状,促进泪膜的稳定性,减少泪液分泌与角膜损伤,值得临床推广应用。     

神经节苷酯辅助治疗急性脑梗死患者的疗效及对其血清hs-CRP、TNF-α的影响

摘 要 目的： 探讨神经节苷脂钠治疗急性脑梗死患者的疗效及对其血清高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的影响。方法: 急性脑梗死患者216例随机分为观察组与对照组,每组108例。对照组患者予常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上加用神经节苷脂注射液100 mg加入0.9%氯化钠注射液250 ml,ivd,qd。两组疗程均为14 d。评价两组临床疗效,比较两组患者治疗前后神经功能缺损程度评分（NDS）、日常生活活动量评分,以及血清hs-CRP和TNF-α水平变化。观察两组药品不良反应发生情况。结果: 观察组治疗总有效率为90.7%,明显高于对照组的71.3%（P＜0.05）。治疗后,观察组NDS评分较前明显降低,而ADL评分较前明显提高（P＜0.05）,且与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;而对照组患者治疗前后NDS及ADL评分无明显变化（P＞0.05）。两组患者治疗后血清hs-CRP和TNF-α水平均较治疗前明显降低（P＜0.05）,且观察组血清hs-CRP和TNF-α水平明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗期间两组患者均未见药品不良反应发生。结论: 神经节苷脂钠辅助治疗急性脑梗死疗效良好,能显著降低患者血清hs-CRP和TNF-α水平,改善患者NDS及ADL评分,且安全性好,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。     

百令胶囊辅助治疗哮喘慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠患者疗效观察

摘 要 目的：观察百令胶囊辅助治疗哮喘 慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠（ACO）患者的临床疗效。方法：61例ACO门诊患者随机分为对照组30例和观察组31例。对照组给予常规治疗;观察组在对照组治疗基础上加用百令胶囊,比较两组患者随访1年后的急性加重次数及稳定期持续时间,以及治疗前后两组肺功能（FEV1% pred、FEV1/FVC、PEF日变异率）、诱导痰炎细胞分类和比例、血清炎症因子（IL 4、IL 6、TNF α）水平、SGRQ评分和6 min步行距离（6 MWD）等指标等变化。 结果：观察组随访1年后急性加重次数明显低于对照组,稳定期持续时间明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组治疗后PEF日变异率较前降低（P<0.05）。治疗后两组诱导痰中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞比例降低,巨噬细胞比例升高（P<0.01）,且观察组中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞比例低于对照组,巨噬细胞比例高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后血IL 4、IL 6、TNF α均较治疗前下降（P＜0.05）,SGRQ评分降低,6MWD值升高（P＜0.05）;两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：百令胶囊用于辅助治疗ACO可以改善患者的临床指标,提高生活质量。     

他克莫司与甲氨蝶呤联合治疗难治性类风湿关节炎效果观察

摘 要 目的：探讨他克莫司与甲氨蝶呤联合治疗难治性类风湿关节炎的临床效果。方法：80例难治性类风湿关节炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。观察组给予他克莫司与甲氨蝶呤联合治疗,对照组给予环磷酰胺与甲氨蝶呤联合治疗,两组均治疗24周。观察两组患者治疗前后关节疼痛指数、关节肿胀指数及晨僵时间的变化,采用视觉模拟评分（VAS ）对患者疼痛情况进行评估;评价两组临床疗效;比较两组患者治疗前后红细胞沉降率（ESR）、C 反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF α）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）等指标变化。结果：观察组总缓解率为100.00%,显著高于对照组的67.50%（P<0.05）。治疗后两组关节疼痛指数、关节肿胀指数、晨僵时间及VAS 评分均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）,且观察组各项指标均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后ESR、CRP、TNF α、VEGF均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）,且观察组明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：他克莫司与甲氨蝶呤联合治疗难治性类风湿关节炎临床疗效好,安全性高,其作用机制可能与降低患者体内炎症反应及下调VEGF水平有关。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.