Chondroblastoma: A clinical and radiological study of 104 cases

The clinical and radiographic findings in 104 patients with chondroblastoma are presented. Pain was an almost constant presenting complaint, often accompanied in the case of para-articular lesions by impaired function of an adjacent joint. The majority (80%) were in long bones with a mean age of presentation of 16 years. The characteristic radiological image of these lesions was an eccentric radiolucency, having a sharply defined sclerotic margin and containing areas of calcification in approximately a third of cases. They were always related to a growth plate. Nearly half were confined to the affected epiphysis or apophysis itself, but most of the remainder had traversed the growth plate to involve also the adjacent metaphysis. The bones around the knee and the proximal ends of the humerus and femur were the sites of predilection. A minority (20%) affected flat bones and short tubular bones of the hand and foot, with a peculiar affinity for the calcaneus and talus. The mean age of presentation of these was 28 years. The radiological pattern was similar, except for a greater tendency to expand the affected bone. Complications included the formation of a secondary aneurysmal bone cyst in 16 cases (10 of them in long bones), one malignant chondroblastoma, and one fibrosarcoma developing after radiation of the original chondroblastoma.     

Imaging features of subperiosteal aneurysmal bone cyst

PURPOSE: To analyze the imaging features of subperiosteal aneurysmal bone cyst. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The imaging material of 6 patients with biopsy-proved subperiosteal aneurysmal bone cyst was reviewed. Evaluation included patient demographics, lesion location and size, radiographic features, and intrinsic characteristics on CT and MR images. Review of histologic specimens was carried out by an experienced musculoskeletal pathologist. RESULTS: All lesions were located at the surface of long tubular bones (femur 3, tibia 2, humerus 1): 3 involved the diaphysis, 2 the dia/metaphysis, and 1 exclusively the metaphysis. Lesion size ranged from 2.5 to 6 cm in maximum diameter. Radiographs and CT images always showed a superficial bone defect, which on radiographs demonstrated irregular margins in 4 cases. All lesions caused an interrupted periosteal reaction (shell 3, trabeculated shell 1, Codman angle 2). MR images always showed a multicystic appearance with a hypointense rim, contrast-enhancing cyst walls, and fluid levels. Edema of adjacent soft tissues was present in all cases. CONCLUSION: Aneurysmal bone cyst in a subperiosteal location can demonstrate an aggressive radiographic appearance. MR imaging appears to be most valuable in the differential diagnosis, since it can demonstrate typical morphological features of the underlying process.     

Case report 748

A case of chondroblastoma associated with an aneurysmal bone cyst has been described. The radiographic appearance of the lesion understandably reflects the combined features of both tumors. Up to one-half of all cases of aneurysmal bone cysts are found in association with other tumors, benign or malignant, and up to 15% of chondroblastomas are combined with an aneurysmal bone cyst (4).     

Primary and secondary aneurysmal bone cyst: a radiological study of 75 cases

Radiological findings in 75 cases of aneurysmal bone cyst were analyzed. Sixty-five per cent were primary or simple and 35% were secondary, the aneurysmal bone cyst being combined with other osseous lesions. A primary aneurysmal bone cyst can be diagnosed with a high degree of certainty, but only 20% of secondary forms had the radiological appearance of aneurysmal bone cyst; in the other 80% the associated lesion dominated the radiological picture, particularly when it was malignant. In the secondary form a small biopsy specimen may show the features of aneurysmal bone cyst only; without radiological assistance a concomitant malignant lesion may be missed. Therefore, there must be close collaboration between the radiologist and and the pathologist.     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT及MRI诊断(附21例报告)

目的分析动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT及MR I表现,评价其影像学诊断价值。方法回顾分析21例经手术或穿刺证实的动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT及MR I表现。结果病变在CT上有16例可见明显液-液平面,其上缘CT值低于下部,其中继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿可见明显软组织肿块,而MR I图像上除1例继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿未见明显液-液平面以外,其它20例均有明显液-液平面。且继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿的软组织肿块显示得更加清楚。结论动脉瘤样骨囊肿大部分病例在CT和MR I上出现有液-液平面,具有一定特征性,但不是惟一性。     

Selective arterial embolization in the treatment of aneurysmal bone cyst and angioma of bone

Nineteen aneurysmal bone cysts and five angiomas of bone were treated by selective arterial embolization. The median follow-up was 22 months. In 17 patients healing occurred with complete relief of symptoms; in 11 of these almost complete ossification of the lesion resulted. In the remaining cases, little or no ossification was apparent but ossification may take 1 year or more to occur. No recurrence was observed in any of these cases. Recurrence occurred only in two cases. In one, growth of the recurrence stopped after a second embolization, and the X-rays showed no change. Selective arterial embolization represents a treatment of choice in aneurysmal bone cyst and angioma of bone especially of the spine, sacrum, or pelvis. In these sites embolization replaces surgery which might be hazardous due to intraoperative bleeding.Supported in part with Rizzoli Research Funds     

脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT、MRI诊断

目的：分析脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT、MRI表现,提高对该病的CT、MRI诊断和鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析经临床病理证实的12例脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT、MRI表现。结果：12例脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿患者中颈椎3例,胸椎6例,腰椎3例;单独椎体侵犯1例,单发于椎板2例,同时累及椎体及附件者9例。CT表现局限性囊状或膨胀性骨质破坏,边界清晰,内可见分房骨嵴影,4例可见内部多发液一液平面影。MRI示膨胀性溶骨性破坏灶周围可见低信号影包绕,病灶内呈多发分房状改变,T1WI呈不均匀低／等信号;T2WI呈数个大小不等的高／等信号囊腔,10例可见不同信号强度的液一液平面影。增强扫描可见囊腔周缘明显强化,腔内出血和液体无强化。结论：脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿CT、MRI表现具有一定的特征性,能够做出正确诊断。     

髋周骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变影像学诊断

目的评价髋周骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的影像学表现。资料与方法回顾性分析82例经穿刺活检或手术病理证实的髋周骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的影像学表现。全部病例均行X线平片检查,42例行CT检查,24例行MRI检查。结果骨囊肿13例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿16例,骨巨细胞瘤6例,软骨母细胞瘤2例(合并动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例),骨母细胞瘤1例,骨样骨瘤3例,骨化性纤维瘤2例,非骨化性纤维瘤3例,骨纤维异常增殖症6例,嗜酸性肉芽肿3例,骨肉瘤4例,软骨肉瘤3例,恶性骨母细胞瘤1例,淋巴瘤2例,转移瘤17例。良性骨肿瘤17例(占20.7%),肿瘤样病变38例(占46.4%),原发恶性骨肿瘤10例(占12.2%),转移瘤17例(占20.7%)。结论髋周是良性骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的好发部位,X线平片+CT或X线平片+MRI是较好的综合检查手段。     

Metachronous aneurysmal bone cysts with involvement of the humerus and the thoracic vertebrae

Metachronous aneurysmal bone cysts are rare. We report on a 32-year-old man who presented with an aneurysmal bone cyst of the thoracic spine 15 years subsequent to diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst of the humerus.     

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbit

Aneurysmal bone cysts of the skull are rare, and orbital involvement of these cysts is even less frequent. We present CT, MR imaging, and histopathologic findings of an aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbit in a 13-year-old female adolescent. The tumor mainly involved the frontal bone. MR imaging findings of the aneurysmal bone cyst of the skull were highly suggestive of the diagnosis.     

Subperiosteal aneurysmal bone cyst with associated bone marrow oedema: an unusual appearance

A case of a subperiosteal aneurysmal bone cyst with adjacent bone marrow oedema is presented. Aneurysmal bone cysts have been well documented in the published literature; however, relatively few have been observed in a subperiosteal location, and associated bone marrow oedema in the absence of a demonstrable pathological fracture is a rare finding. Aneursymal bone cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subperiosteal bone lesions and may be associated with bone marrow oedema.     

Biopsy proven eradication of an aneurysmal bone cyst treated by superselective embolization: A case report

A large aneurysmal bone cyst of the upper tibia in a 17-year-old patient was treated by superselective embolization with excellent clinical and radiological results. Extensive curettage and detailed pathologic analysis performed 2 years following embolization revealed only healing bone. The presented case and reviewed cases in the literature indicate that embolization is a promising method for definitive therapy of the aneurysmal bone cyst.     

Intracortical and subperiosteal aneurysmal bone cysts: a report of three cases

 Aneurysmal bone cyst of the long bones in a purely intracortical or subperiosteal location is unusual. Three such cases are reported, and the radiographic and pathologic differential diagnoses are discussed.Those subperiosteal or intracortical aneurysmal bone cysts with radiographic features similar to the intramedullary variety should suggest the same diagnosis. However, the radiographic features may be less specific, so that a diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst must be entertained when considering a subperiosteal or intracortical lytic lesion.     

Sacral cysts with exophytic components

Sacral cysts are rare lesions. Two cases are presented, an aneurysmal bone cyst and a simple cyst. Simple cysts have not previously been described in the sacrum. Both cysts were asymptomatic, had similar radiographic appearances, and displayed significant exophytic components.     

Bone scintiscanning in osteolytic lesions

Osteolytic lesions seen on plain radiographs can be caused by various disorders of the bones such as simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst, plasmacytoma, giant cell tumor, eosinophilic granuloma and tuberculosis. We studied prospectively Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate bone scan findings in osteolytic lesions seen radiologically and followed them to histopathology. Interestingly, the scans in these patients helped to show if the lesions were monoostotic or polyostotic and, in some cases, ruled out malignant or infective etiology.     

原发性与继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿CT表现

目的评价CT对诊断与鉴别原发性与继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿的价值。方法回顾性分析9例经手术病理证实原发性与继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿的CT征象,并进行献复习。结果9例患中骨皮质缺损征象出现率(67％)高于“液一液平面”出现率(44％)。继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿骨嵴明显粗大,可构成分房。9例病灶内呈不均匀软组织密度,增强后强化明显。结论CT检查有助于动脉瘤样骨囊肿早期定性诊断,并有助于鉴别原发性与继发性病灶。     

Giant cell tumor with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst: A unique presentation with an ossified extraosseous soft tissue mass

The authors describe a case of giant cell tumor (GCT) with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) in a 44-year-old man with chronic, intermittent knee pain. A unique feature is the presentation of GCT with an ossified extraosseous soft tissue mass. Radiograph demonstrates a multiloculated lytic lesion in the distal meta-epiphyseal region of the femur with an adjacent extraosseous soft tissue mass. The soft tissue mass was partially ossified along its margin and internal septa. MRI demonstrates a multiloculated lesion in the distal femur with multiple fluid–fluid levels and cortical penetration of the lesion. Both the intraosseous lesion and extraosseous soft tissue mass have similar MR signal characteristics. At surgery, the intraosseous component was found to be contiguous with the extraosseous soft tissue mass through a cortical perforation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of GCT with aneurysmal bone cyst initially presenting with an extraosseous soft tissue mass.     

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the temporal bone

Aneurysmal bone cysts are benign fibrosseous lesions of the bone that are rarely detected in the temporal bone. Seventeen cases of aneurysmal bone cysts with histological confirmation involving the temporal bone were reported in the literature. We report a case of left temporal aneurysmal bone cyst in a 52-year-old male with the clinical findings of periauricular painful swelling, decreased hearing, and facial paralysis. A magnetic resonance image of the patient showed a well-circumscribed multi-loculated expansile lesion of the left temporal bone during the first admission to the hospital. The lesion recurred 1 year after the subtotal resection with a more solid appearance. In addition, we review the literature for these rare lesions.     

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbit with unusual angiographic features.

A 14 month old boy with sudden onset of proptosis of the left eye due to an aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbit is reported. Sequential plain films of the orbital region demonstrated changes ranging from subtle loss of bone definition of the orbital margin to the characteristic appearance of an aneurysmal bone cyst twelve months later. Arteriography at the time of the initial evaluation demonstrated prolonged retention of the contrast medium which we believe represents changes secondary to the number of giant cells present in the tumor rather than the relative vascularity of the lesion. While aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbit is extremely rare, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of proptosis in the pediatric age group.     

An extraosseous aneurysmal cyst in the pelvic cavity: report of a case

A 51-year-old Japanese female was referred to us with a left lower quadrant pain and palpable mass. The CT and MRI study showed a 10x8x8 cm of well-circumscribed, multicystic mass adjacent to the left iliac bone. The mass was excised and consisted of multiple cysts containing bloody viscous material surrounded by thin-ring of eggshell-like tissue. The histological findings correlated with those of an aneurysmal bone cyst. This extraosseous case might be the first reported case observed in the pelvic cavity.