非小细胞肺癌患者骨髓CK19和LUNX mRNA的实时荧光定量检测和意义

目的：检测非小细胞肺癌患者CK19mRNA和LUNXmRNA的表达情况，探讨其作为微转移检测分子标志物的可行性．方法：选择初治的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者62例，以肺部良性疾病10例作为对照组，采用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（FQ—RT—PCR）和普通RT—PCR技术，检测肺癌、良性病变肺组织和骨髓的CK19mRNA和LUNXmRNA的表达。结果：肺癌和良性病变肺组织RT—PCR检测结果显示CK19mRNA和LUNXmRNA表达阳性率为100％：62例NSCLC患者骨髓标本FQ—RT—PCR检测结果显示，NSCLC患者中骨髓CK19mRNA表达阳性率45．2％（28／62），明显高于肺良性病变组10％（1／10）（P=0．037），NSCLC组骨髓LUNXmRNA表达阳性率38．7％（24／62）明显高于肺良性病变组0％（0／10）（P=0．017）；骨髓CK19mRNA表达阳性率随病理分期升高，接近统计学意义（P=0．06），而与病理类型、肿瘤分化程度无关；骨髓LUNXmRNA表达阳性率随分期升高且有统计学意义（P=0．02），而与病理类型、肿瘤分化程度无关：骨髓CK19mRNA和LUNXmRNA表达明显相关（P〈0．001）结论：CK19mRNA和LUNXmRNA可作为检测非小细胞肺癌患者微转移特异、敏感的分子标志物，可能有助于早期诊断肺癌转移，从而指导临床分期和治疗、     

巢式PCR检测CK19 mRNA和LUNX mRNA诊断肺癌淋巴结微转移

目的：探讨非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer，NSCLC）淋巴结微转移的基因诊断方法，并分析CK19 mRNA、LUNX mRNA作为肺癌微转移检测分子标记物的可行性。方法：采用巢式RT—PCR技术检测39例NSCLC患者的149枚淋巴结和20例肺良性病变患者的47枚淋巴结中的细胞角蛋白19（CK19 mRNA）、肺特异性X蛋白（LUNX mRNA）的表达。结果：39例NSCLN患者的149枚淋巴结中，46枚（30．9％）淋巴结存在CK19 mRNA阳性表达，56枚（37．6％）存在LUNX mRNA阳性表达，常规病理组织学检出20枚（13．4％）有癌转移，巢式RT—PCR方法和常规病理方法比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；20例肺良性病变患者的47枚淋巴结中CK19 mRNA和LUNX mRNA表达均为阴性，与肺癌组比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。淋巴结微转移与病理类型、细胞分化程度和临床分期有密切关系（P〈0．05）。结论：CK19 mRNA、LUNX mRNA可作为检测NSCLC患者淋巴结微转移的分子标记物，联合检测可能有助于早期诊断肺癌转移，从而指导临床个体化治疗。     

肺癌患者外周血CK19-mRNA的测定及其临床意义

目的：建立一种敏感的方法来检测肺癌患者外周血循环癌细胞,并探讨其临床应用的意义。方法：采用反转录聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）技术检测肺癌患者患者外周血CK19－mRNA的表达情况。结果：40例肺癌外周血标本中16例（40％）CK19－mRNA阳性,15例肺良性病变中1例＊（6．6％）阳性,5例正常人为阴性,10例有转移的肺癌患者,其外周血CK19－mRNA均为阳性（100％）,30例检测时尚我转移证据者,有6例阳性（20％）,经过半定量分析,两组CK19－mRNA在量上判别有显著性,结论：CK19－mRNA可作为一个标志物来检测肺癌患者外周血微转移,定量检测外周血CK19－mRNA有助于诊断肺癌的血行转移,定期检测外周血CK19－mRNA,尚可作为疗效的观察指标。     

非小细胞肺癌患者淋巴结、外周血及骨髓微转移分子诊断在肺癌外科治疗中的作用

目的 探讨检测肺癌患者区域淋巴结、外周血和骨髓中微转移在肺癌外科治疗中的临床意义,以及区域淋巴结、外周血和骨髓肺癌微转移三者之间的相关性。方法 应用巢式RT－PCR技术,对29例肺癌患者和11例肺良性病变患者的淋巴结、外周血和骨髓中CK19基因mRNA表达进行联合检测。结果 本实验建立的巢式RT－PCR技术的敏感性可达到10^-6。术前10例患者检测到外周血微转移,6例患者检测到骨髓肺癌微转移,101枚纵隔淋巴结中55枚检测到肺癌微转移。肺癌患者淋巴结、外周血和骨髓中微转移阳性检出率分别为54．5％、34．5％和20．7％,三者之间存在显著正相关（P＜0．05）,外周血和骨髓微转移与肺癌组织学类型、细胞分化程度及P－TNM分期均存在密切关系（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。结论 RT－PCR法是一种特异性,敏感性均较高的肿瘤微转移检测方法;检测CK19 mRNA表达应用于肺癌微转移的分子诊断有助于选择外科手术适应证,并具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

肺腺癌组织中VEGF mRNA的表达与外周血微转移的关系研究

目的：探讨肺腺癌组织中血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）mRNA的表达和外周血微转移的关系.方法：应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）方法,检测33例肺腺癌组织中VEGF mRNA的表达.以CK19为标志物,以RT PCR检测33例肺腺癌患者和10位正常人外周血的微转移.结果：33例肺腺癌患者中,VEGF mRNA的阳性率为78.79%（26/33）,外周血CK19的阳性率为57.58%（19/33）,10位正常人外周血的CK19的阳性率为0.肺癌组织中,VEGF mRNA的表达和腺癌的淋巴结转移及病理分期密切相关,P值分别为0.002和0.008;VEGF mRNA阳性表达组和VEGF mRNA阴性表达组的CK19的阳性率差异有统计学意义,P=0.009.结论：肺腺癌患者组织中的VEGF mRNA表达和淋巴结及血行转移关系密切,联合检测肺腺癌组织中的VEGFmRNA的表达和外周血微转移不仅能够评估肺癌侵袭转移的程度,而且对正确评价肺癌的病理分期、预后及制定合理的治疗方案有重要意义.     

肺癌患者三种微转移标志物临床意义的比较研究

目的评价肺癌患者外周血LUNX mRNA 、CK19 mRNA、CEA mRNA诊断微转移的特异性、敏感性,探索肺癌患者微转移的早期诊断.方法以肺部良性疾病30例、健康人10例的外周血为对照,以LUNX mRNA 、CK19 mRNA、CEA mRNA的表达为指标,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测48例肺癌患者外周血、手术切除区域44个淋巴结的微转移,并根据淋巴结病理切片、临床分期、随访过程中复发转移率评价微转移的临床意义.结果①LUNX mRNA、CK19 mRNA、CEA mRNA在肺癌组织的表达率均为100%(35/35).②48例肺癌患者外周血中LUNX mRNA阳性30例(62.5%),CK19 mRNA阳性24例(50.0%),CEA mRNA阳性32例(66.7%);44枚肺癌患者手术切除的区域淋巴结,LUNX mRNA阳性16枚(36.4%),CK19 mRNA阳性12枚(27.3%),CEA mRNA阳性18枚(40.9%).③30例肺部良性疾病患者外周血中,CK19 mRNA表达阳性2例(6.7%),LUNX mRNA或CEA mRNA表达均阴性;10例健康人外周血和11枚取自肺良性疾病患者的淋巴结,3个指标检测结果均为阴性.④44枚肺癌区域淋巴结中,普通病理组织学检出6枚(13.6%)有癌转移,阳性率明显低于RT-PCR检测结果(P<0.05).⑤3种微转移指标的阳性率均随TNM分期的增加而升高(P=0.01).⑥随访发现外周血微转移阳性患者的复发率高于阴性患者.结论 LUNX mRNA、CK19 mRNA 、CEA mRNA有可能成为监测肺癌微转移的分子标志.     

肺腺癌组织中VEGF mRNA的表达与外周血微转移的关系研究

目的探讨肺腺癌组织中血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)mRNA的表达和外周血微转移的关系.方法应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法,检测33例肺腺癌组织中VEGF mRNA的表达.以CK19为标志物,以RT PCR检测33例肺腺癌患者和10位正常人外周血的微转移.结果33例肺腺癌患者中,VEGF mRNA的阳性率为78.79%(26/33),外周血CK19的阳性率为57.58%(19/33),10位正常人外周血的CK19的阳性率为0.肺癌组织中,VEGF mRNA的表达和腺癌的淋巴结转移及病理分期密切相关,P值分别为0.002和0.008;VEGF mRNA阳性表达组和VEGF mRNA阴性表达组的CK19的阳性率差异有统计学意义,P=0.009.结论肺腺癌患者组织中的VEGF mRNA表达和淋巴结及血行转移关系密切,联合检测肺腺癌组织中的VEGFmRNA的表达和外周血微转移不仅能够评估肺癌侵袭转移的程度,而且对正确评价肺癌的病理分期、预后及制定合理的治疗方案有重要意义.     

非小细胞肺癌患者外周血CK19 mRNA的表达及与临床的关系

目的：研究非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者外周血中细胞角蛋白19（cytokeratin 19，CK19）mRNA的表达变化及与临床的关系。方法：采用逆转录多聚酶链反应（RT—PCR）法进行外周血CK19mRNA表达的测定。结果：NSCLC组患者外周血CK19mRNA的阳性率为60．7％。显著高于良性病变组的3．3％和健康对照组的0（P〈0．01）；Ⅲ和Ⅳ期NSCLC患者的阳性率显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ期患者的阳性率（P〈0．05）；而不同病理类型NSCLC患者外周血CK19mRNA阳性率之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：外周血CK19mRNA的检测有助于我们对NSCLC患者的病情、预后和治疗进行判断．且这并不受病理分型的影响。     

LunX和CK19基因定量表达在肺癌诊断及疗效观察中的应用研究

目的：探讨采用荧光定量RT—PCR检测肺癌患者外周血LunX和CK19基因的表达，以及在肺癌诊断和疗效观察中的应用价值。方法：建立定量检测LunX和CK19 mRNA的荧光定量RT—PCR技术，检测在肺癌患者外周血的表达及治疗前后的表达水平的比较。结果：外周血标本中治疗前病例、治疗后病例和肺部良性病例LunX mRNA的表达分别为83．87％（26／31）、46．67％（7／15）和10％（1／10）。治疗前肺癌组和肺部良性病例组LunX mRNA的表达差异有统计学意义，X^2=15．2，P〈0．001；肺癌治疗前后LunX mRNA的表达也有统计学意义，X^2=4．9，P〈0．05。正常对照10例和非肺癌的肿瘤患者4例LunX mRNA的表达均为阴性，与LunX基因相比较，CK19基因灵敏度相近，但特异性较差。结论：荧光定量RT—PCR检测LunX基因的表达可以作为肺癌诊断及治疗前后疗效考核的重要参考指标，应用价值优于CK19基因。     

肺癌患者外周血中CK19-mRNA表达的检测

目的　检测肺癌患者外周血中CK 19 mRNA的表达情况。方法　采用逆转录PCR (RT PCR )方法 ,分别检测有明确肿瘤病灶的肺癌患者、肺部良性疾病患者和健康对照者外周血中CK 19 mRNA的表达。结果　 70例肺癌患者外周血中CK 19 mRNA表达阳性率为 3 7.14 % ,3 8例肺部良性疾病患者阳性率为 18.42 % ,3 7例健康对照者阳性率为 5 .41% ,肺癌组与肺部良性疾病组、健康对照组间阳性率均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,CK 19 mRNA表达阳性率与肿瘤分期及病理类型无相关性。结论　外周血中CK 19 mRNA作为肺癌的 1项分子检测指标 ,具有一定的临床应用价值 ,值得进一步扩大样本研究及随访 ,其检测的灵敏度及特异度尚有待提高     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia, myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives, and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P less than 0.05). Similarly, relatives of decreased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P less than 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P less than 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P less than 0.001). The opinions of patients were similar to those of their relatives. However, the relatives of leukemia patients were even more satisfied with the contact with the medical staff than the patients themselves (P less than 0.05). As many as 10-30% of the relatives never gave up hope for their relative's survival. Only two out of 27 deaths were considered not dignified. The lung carcinoma patients reported a less good quality of life (P less than 0.001), and less satisfaction with the information given (P less than 0.01), than the hematological patients from the same year. Similarly, their attitude to the medical care improved less (P less than 0.01), and they were less content with the general care than the leukemia group (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)