全髋关节置换术小切口与传统切口临床比较研究

目的 比较后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术(THA)与传统THA的临床疗效及并发症.方法 2004年11月至2009年6月,对38例(40髋)患者行后外侧小切口(6～10 cm)THA,47例(48髋)患者行传统切口(11～15 cm)THA.所有病例均由同一位主刀医生完成手术.结果 术后随访平均21.2个月(18～24个月...     

后外侧入路微创小切口人工全髋关节置换术

[目的]探讨后外侧入路微创小切口人工全髋关节置换术(total híp arthroplasty,THA)的临床疗效.[方法]2005年6月～2008年12月,采用改良后外侧入路微创小切口人工全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节疾病患者31例33髋,均为单切口微创技术,并与同时期微创传统人工全髋关节置换术的28例31髋患者比较,两组患者年龄、性别、病种、体重指数、髋关节功能等大致相同.分析两组病例围手术期出血量、手术时间、切口长度、疼痛评分、Harris评分、假体位置、并发症等,并进行两组病例对比研究.[结果]小切口THA组与传统THA组病例随访6～48个月,平均24.8个月.两组手术时间相近.小切口组平均切口长度9.2 cm(7～11 cm),传统手术组15 cm(12～20cm),两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);围手术期出血量小切口组450 ml(200 ～600 ml),传统组800 ml(600～1200 ml),两组有统计学意义(P＜0.05);小切口组疼痛评分5.1分,传统组为6.5分(P＜0.05);术后6个月小切口组Harris评分93.8分(85～99分);传统组92.1分(82～96分)(P＞0.05).小切口组术后早期功能恢复较传统组快,而中期结果相似.术后及随访时,两组假体位置均良好.两组THA均末出现术后脱位、感染.肢体不等长各2例,但差异均在1 cm以内,两组均各出现2例下肢深静脉血栓形成.[结论]小切口微创THA可选择性用于部分髋关节疾病的治疗,手术创伤小,围手术期出血少,切口小,疼痛轻,术后恢复快,且可获得与传统后路THA相同的治疗效果.     

小切口与传统切口在全髋关节置换术中的早期临床疗效分析

【摘要】〓目的〓本文通过采用后外侧小切口和传统切口施行全髋关节置换术对比研究,探讨后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术的临床效果。方法〓选择我科2008年12月至2010年12月施行人工全髋关节置换术(THA)的80例患者并分成两组,每组40例患者,分别采用后外侧小切口和传统切口,对切口长度,术中的失血量,术后的伤口引流量,手术时间,髋臼外展角,髋臼前倾角,术后第1、3、6个月Harris评分进行比较。结果〓所有病人均获随访,平均随访12个月(6~24)。小切口组切口长度为6.8~10.3 cm,平均8.5 cm;传统切口组切口长度15.6~23.8 cm,平均18.2 cm;小切口组的术中失血、术后引流血量分别为163.8±15.6 mL,325.4±20.3 mL,传统切口组分别为283.5±13.5 mL,410.4±27.6 mL,两组均有差异(P<0.05);小切口组手术时间为89.4±14.2 min,传统切口组为123.5±10.3 min(两组比较,P<0.05);小切口组术后X线片髋臼外展角为43.8±8.5°,传统切口组为46.5±6.7°;小切口组前倾角为22.8±3.5°,传统切口组前倾角为23.5±2.9°,两组间有统计学差异。术后第1、3个月随访,小切口组的Harris评分为69.5±8.9、84.8±7.3分,传统切口组为58.7±6.6、75.4±10.4分,两组间有统计学差异;术后第6个月、12个月随访Harris评分在两组间无统计学差异。两组患者均无脑血管意外、股骨假体周围骨折、神经损伤、下肢深静脉血栓形成、及下肢不等长等并发症。结论〓小切口全髋关节置换术减少了术中、术后的伤口出血及手术的暴露时间,有助于术后功能锻炼。     

前路小切口人工全髋关节置换术疗效分析

目的对前路小切口人工髋关节置换术(THA)的临床效果进行回顾分析。方法将2002年8月至2004年2月施行THA的120例患者随机分成两组,每组60例患者,分别采用前路小切口和传统后路切口,对手术时间、出血量、并发症、切口长度、术后平均住院时间、术后Harris评分进行比较。结果平均随访20个月(12～30个月)。小切口组的平均手术时间为72min,传统切口组为69min(P>0.05);小切口组的平均切口长度为7.9cm,传统切口组为16.3cm(P<0.01);小切口组出血量平均为350ml,传统切口组650ml(P<0.01);小切口组平均术后住院时间为7d,传统切口组为13.5d(P<0.05)。小切口组术后X线片髋臼前倾角平均为24°,传统切口组为19°;小切口组外展角平均为47°,传统切口组为45°。术后3个月随访时,小切口组的平均Harris评分为91.4分,传统切口组为78.5分(P<0.05);末次随访时,小切口组的平均Harris评分为95.1分,传统切口组为95.6分(P>0.05),但两组髋关节活动度差异有统计学意义,分别为(110.0±3.2)°和(90.0±2.9)°(P<0.05)。两组患者都未出现感染、血管神经损伤等并发症。小切口组有1例术中摄片发现髋臼前倾角偏大,立即将髋臼取出重新安放,术后无不良反应。传统切口组2例症状性DVT,1例出现嗜睡,CT示脑基底节小梗塞灶。结论前路小切口THA具有创伤小、出血少、美观的优点,是一种安全、有效、可靠的方法。     

后外侧入路小切口人工全髋关节置换术

目的探讨小切口人工全髋关节置换术(total hip arthrop lasty,THA)的适应证、技术要点及临床初步结果。方法2003年3月至2005年3月,采用改良后外侧入路的小切口人工全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节疾病患者43例49髋,男22例,女21例;年龄22￣79岁,平均53.2岁。体重指数17.1￣30.2,平均23.4。同期采用常规后外侧入路行人工全髋关节置换术35例43髋。两组年龄、性别及体重指数均衡(P>0.05),但疾病谱不同。对两组病例的围手术期出血量、手术时间、切口长度、术后早中期功能恢复情况及假体位置进行比较。结果小切口THA组31例(36髋)、常规THA组25例(31髋)随访6～24个月,平均13.1个月。小切口THA组切口长度平均9.3cm,较常规THA组短(P<0.05);围手术期出血量(318±223.1)ml,引流量(252±169.1)ml,均较常规THA组少(P<0.05);平均手术时间两组差异无统计学意义。小切口THA组术后早期功能恢复较常规THA组快,而中期结果相似。术后及随访时,两组假体位置均良好。小切口THA组无并发症,常规THA组1例术后脱位。结论小切口微创技术可选择性用于部分病例的人工全髋关节置换术,创伤小,围手术期出血少,切口小且不影响假体位置,术后早期功能恢复快。但应严格选择手术适应证,由拥有相应设备条件的医院及一定经验的医生开展。     

后外侧入路传统及微创人工全髋关节置换术对比研究

目的 比较经后外侧入路传统及微创人工全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的临床疗效.方法 2007年1月-11月,对38例41髋行小切口微创THA(小切口组),同期15例15髋行常规切口THA(常规切口组).小切口组:男23例25髋,女15例16髋;年龄(53.2±15.5)岁.体重指数(body mass index,BMI)为23.4±3.3.股骨颈骨折20例20髋,原发性骨性关节炎2例2髋,股骨头Ⅲ期或Ⅳ期无菌性坏死14例16髋,强直性脊柱炎累及髋关节2例3髋.髋关节Harris评分为(47.7±5.5)分.病程(4.5±4.3)年.常规切口组:男7例,女8例,均为单髋;年龄(54.8±10.8)岁.BMI为26.1±5.1.股骨颈骨折8例,原发性骨性关节炎1例,股骨头Ⅲ期或Ⅳ期无菌性坏死5例,强直性脊柱炎累及髋关节1例.Harris评分为(51.2±4.3)分.病程(3.8±3.7)年.两组一般资料比较筹异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结果 两组切口长度、围手术期出血量、引流鼍及输血量比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);手术时间、术后即刻髋门杯外展角及髋臼杯前倾角比较,差异尤统计学意义(P＞0.05).患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无早期相关并发症发生.两组均获随访,随访时间12～22个月,平均18.3个月.患者于术后2～3个月弃拐行走.小切口组和常规切口组术后6个月Harris评分分别为(88.6±3.6)分及(85.8±3.3)分,组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),与同组术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 后外侧入路微创THA较传统术式具有创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快、住院时间短、并发症少、股骨处理方便及假体定位准确的优点,但需严格掌握手术适应证.     

小切口甲状腺次全切除术的临床观察

目的 探讨小切口甲状腺次全切除术的疗效和安全性.方法 120例甲状腺良性肿瘤患者,随机分为两组:A组(60例)采用小切口甲状腺次全切除术,B组(60例)采用传统甲状腺次全切除术.对两组临床疗效进行比较分析.结果 手术均获成功,A组切口长度为2.5～3.9cm,平均3.3 cm,术中出血量7～18 ml,平均11.8 ml,手术时间39～64min,平均50min,无一例发生手术并发症(包括切口血肿、切口感染、神经损伤及低血钙症),颈部皮肤感觉异常持续时间13～40d,平均23 d,术后3个月时患者抬头视物功能受限1例,颏隆凸至颈静脉切迹的缩短距离平均为0.5 cm(0～0.8 cm);B组切口长度为6.5 cm(5.5～7.8 cm),术中出血量平均31.6ml(22～42 ml),手术时间50～78 min,平均60.1 min,术后1例发生暂时性喉返神经麻痹,在1个月内恢复,颈部皮肤感觉异常持续时间45～76d,平均62 d,术后3个月时患者抬头视物功能受限12例,颏隆凸至颈静脉切迹的缩短距离为1.0～2.4 cm,平均1.6 cm.两组术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而切口长度、手术时间、术后出血量、切口感觉异常时间及术后3个月抬头视物功能等比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).所有病例经1年连续观察后均无复发.结论 小切口甲状腺次全切除术临床效果好,能够缩短手术时间、减少出血量、切口小、创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快、瘢痕小、安全可行.     

外侧入路小切口技术在全髋关节置换术中的应用

[目的] 探讨髋外侧小切口全髋关节置换术的可行性、操作方法及优缺点.[方法] 2008年2月～2008年8月,采用外侧入路小切口进行单侧全髋人工关节置换手术28例.分析术中出血量、术后引流量、下床活动时间及髋关节Harris评分.[结果] 切口长度8～10 cm.术中出血量为280～710 ml,平均410 ml;术后引流量为250～600 ml,平均420 ml.患者平均下床时间6.5 d(3～9 d).Harris评分从术前的41.2分提高到术后6个月的91.5分.[结论] 外侧入路小切口具有创伤小、患者术后恢复快、易接受、术后关节功能好等优点,但应注意其适应证及容易发生的并发症.     

小切口不保留关节囊的全髋关节置换术

目的探讨小切口人工全髋关节置换术(THA)中不保留关节囊的安全性和实用价值。方法回顾性分析本组1999年1月至2009年1月行初次THA的患者,其中采用小切口不保留关节囊的THA(A组)141例163髋,男61例,女80例,年龄26～95岁,平均66.5岁;同期采用小切口不保留关节囊且未缝合修补外旋肌的THA(B组)88例101髋,男41例,女47例,年龄44～75岁,平均61.5岁;同期采用传统Gibson切口,保留关节囊的并修复外旋肌群的THA(C组)72例84髋,男30例,女42例;年龄33～80岁,平均68.3岁。对三组患者的手术切口长度、手术时间、出血量、髋脱位率、Harris评分进行比较。结果三组患者均获至少6个月的随访,A、B组在切口长度、手术时间方面与C组间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);三组之间出血量、髋脱位、术后6个月的Harris评分间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小切口THA具有微创一些优点,术中不保留关节囊,降低了手术难度,术野暴露充分,有利于髋臼假体及内衬的安装,并能有效缩短手术时间,不增加术后假体脱位率,从近期的疗效来看是一种安全快捷的髋关节置换方法。     

改良切口与传统切口治疗锁骨外侧端骨折的临床对比研究

[目的]探讨改良切口治疗锁骨外侧端骨折的可行性、操作方法及优缺点.[方法] 2009年2月～2011年2月,应用锁骨钩钢板分别采用改良切口与传统切口治疗锁骨外侧端骨折患者共50例,其中每组各25例,分析比较两组患者的平均手术时间,术中出血量,切口长度,术后切口愈合情况,采用Lazzcano标准比较两组患者的手术疗效.[结果]改良切口与传统切口患者的平均手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度分别为44.80 min、49.76ml、3.36 cm和46.92 min、51.76 ml、4.42 cm,其中平均手术时间、术中出血量差异无显著性(P＞0.05),切口长度有显著性差异(P＜0.01),两组患者切口愈合良好.按Lazzcano标准评定,改良切口优良率87.3％,传统切口优良率85.2％,临床疗效无明显差异(P＞0.05).[结论]改良切口具有创伤小、操作简便、切口隐蔽、易接受等优点,临床疗效满意,值得广泛推广.     

Mini-incision anterior approach does not increase dislocation rate: a study of 1037 total hip replacements

Correct positioning of the prosthetic components in total hip replacements is important to prevent dislocations. Correct positioning is made easier by extensive approaches, but it also is possible using the mini-incision approach. The mini-incision used to facilitate early rehabilitation should not produce a higher dislocation rate than that of the more conventional approaches. The anterior surgical approach we describe allows for good exposure, despite the reduced size of the skin incision. Its length is 5-10 cm and usually 6-8 cm for patients with normal corpulence. Our mini-incision anterior approach using intermuscular planes allows a surgical approach to the hip and implantation of a total prosthesis with no muscle, tendon, or trochanteric section, even partially. This is not possible with any other surgical approach. A series of 1037 primary total hip replacements done between June 1993 and June 2000 was studied retrospectively. The dislocation rate was 0.96% (10 of 1037 hips). The mini-incision approach allows for adequate positioning of the two prosthetic components. Preserving the muscular potential also may contribute to dynamic stabilization of the hip.     

Mini-incision technique for total hip arthroplasty with navigation

This prospective study compares a mini-incision technique and traditional posterior approach for total hip arthroplasty (THA). Thirty-three patients who had undergone a mini-incision THA were matched by diagnosis, gender, average age, and preoperative Harris Hip Score (HHS) to 33 patients who had undergone THA using the traditional posterior approach. The average length of the incision for group 1 was 11.7 cm (range, 7.3-13.0) and for group 2 was 20.2 cm (range, 14.8-26.0). At the 3-month follow-up, patients in the mini-incision group had significant improvement in limp (P<.05) and ability to climb stairs (P <.01) compared with the traditional group. At the 6 month follow-up, the mini-incision group was significantly better in terms of limp (P <.05), distance walked (P<.001), and stairs (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between groups for pain, function, or range of motion at the 1-year follow-up examination.     

微创小切口人工全髋关节置换术在晚期股骨头坏死治疗中的应用

目的探讨微创小切口人工全髋关节置换术在晚期股骨头坏死治疗中的应用价值。方法2003年3月始，采用微创技术治疗18例22髋国际骨循环学会（Association Research Circulation Osseous，ARCO）分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期股骨头坏死患者，其中男13例，女5例，年龄24～57岁；体重指数（body mass index，BMI）24．6（17．1～30．1），术前髋关节Harris评分平均46分。均采用改良的后外侧切口、非骨水泥假体行人工全髋关节置换术（微创组）。与同期常规人工全髋置换术的18例22髋（对照组，术前髋关节Harris评分平均43分）进行比较，包括：围手术期出血量、切口长度及术后早期功能恢复情况等。结果术后两组均获随访6～20个月，平均11个月。对照组1髋术后2d脱位，微创组中无并发症发生；微创组手术切口长9．3cm（8．7～10．5cm），较对照组16．8cm（14．0～20．0cm）短，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）；两组术后随访6个月时Harris评分分别为92、90分，差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）；手术时间相近，但围手术期出血量及引流量微创组较少，两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；微创组术后恢复较快。结论微创小切口全髋关节置换术，手术创伤小、出血少，术后恢复较快，但开展此手术的初期，应由有经验的医师及有相应设备的医院、有选择地用于晚期股骨头坏死患者的治疗。     

Effects of anterolateral minimally invasive surgery in total hip arthroplasty on hip muscle strength, walking speed, and functional score

We conducted this study to observe the difference in muscle strength and walking speed between patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) in whom an anterolateral mini-incision technique was used and those in whom a conventional approach was used. Fifty-three patients who underwent a mini-incision THA were matched by diagnosis, sex, age, period elapsed since surgery (which ranged from 6 months to 4 years), weight, and height to 53 patients who underwent THA using the conventional anterolateral approach. During the first year after surgery, patients with the mini-incision THA had significantly better hip muscle strength, walking speed, and functional score (P < .05). At 1 year, the performance characteristics studied were statistically equivalent (P > .05). Although the mini-incision technique is more difficult than the conventional technique, its use by experienced surgeons can produce quicker short-term recovery.     

Mini-incision total hip replacement using an anterolateral approach: technique and results

The mini-incision exposure can be used in most primary THA patients. As the surgeon begins to perform mini-incision THA, he or she can gradually shorten the skin incision with improved confidence and skill. A true mini-incision THA (2.5"-3.5") requires specialized retractors and instrumentation such as the mini-incision set. Following the outlined procedure not only results in a smaller incision, but also transects less muscle and tendon. This less invasive approach can result in a shorter length of stay, less pain, fewer rehabilitation transfers, quicker recovery, and better cosmesis. All of these combine to produce a more satisfied THA patient.     

A posterior mini-incision for total hip arthroplasty -- results of 76 consecutive cases

AIM: A refinement of the classic surgical approaches to the hip for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is presently being developed with a drastic shortening of the skin incision. The aim of this study was to explore if a minimal-invasive posterior approach (1) is technically feasible regardless of varying patient anatomy and (2) is associated with such results that do not suggest increased patient risk. We sought to find out how surgical time, blood loss, requirement for pain medication, pain perception and implant position were affected by a posterior mini-incision approach for THA. METHODS: Prospectively, the results of 76 consecutive THAs operated by the same surgeon via a posterior mini-incision approach were recorded. RESULTS: The length of skin incision ranged from 6.0 to 11.0 cm. On average, surgical time was 83 minutes, intraoperative blood loss was 343 ml, and the amount of PCA-administered Piritramid i. v. in the first 24 hours was 21.4 mg. Pain-free (defined as a 0-10 self rating on a VAS) were 8 % of the patients on day one following mini-incision THA, 41 % on day three, 54 % on day five and 71 % of patients on day seven. The average cup inclination and anteversion were 46 and 13 degrees, stem position was regarded as neutral in 76 %. Complications occurred in 7 patients (9 %). CONCLUSION: Our posterior mini-incision approach allowed for the placement of 76 consecutive THAs through a skin incision of equal to or less than 11.0 cm in a non-selected population without jeopardising patient safety.     

侧卧位直接前方入路全髋关节置换的可行性和效果

目的探讨侧卧位直接前方入路(DAA)全髋关节置换术的可行性和临床效果。方法对307例患者(332髋)行侧卧位DAA全髋关节置换术,评估临床功能,观察影像学结果和并发症。结果单侧髋关节置换手术时间41~73(52.0±5.6)min,术中失血量60~210(94.0±37.4)ml。患者均随访1年。髋关节Harris评分术后1、3、12个月均较术前明显改善(F=237.2,P<0.001)。术后第2天,髋臼假体前倾角为7°~22°(14.4°±6.0°),外展角为26°~57°(43.8°±4.4°)。双下肢长度的差异由术前0~2.5 cm纠正为术后0~1.5 cm(Z=-14.71,P<0.001)。18髋发生股外侧皮神经损伤,3髋发生术中股骨近端骨折,2髋术后早期出现髋关节脱位,1髋髋臼杯未完全打入臼窝,该24例经对症治疗后均愈合、复位良好。术后1年未发生假体周围骨折,无菌性假体松动。结论侧卧位DAA全髋关节置换术安全可行,临床效果良好。     

Comparison of total hip arthroplasty via a posterior mini-incision versus a classic anterolateral approach

Surgical approaches to the hip for total hip arthroplasty (THA) are termed minimally invasive when allowing for a skin incision length of 10 cm or less. The aim of this study was to explore if a minimally invasive posterior approach compared to a classic anterolateral approach negatively influenced surgical time, blood loss, implant position, or perioperative complications. Two groups of THA patients mainly differing with respect to the surgical approach were compared. Results of 76 consecutive THA via a posterior mini-incision approach were recorded prospectively and those of 76 controls operated via a classic anterolateral approach were recorded retrospectively. THA was performed by the same surgeon in every case. Surgical time or intraoperative blood loss were not different among the groups. Total 24-h blood loss was significantly less in patients undergoing THA via minimally invasive posterior approaches. Median cup inclination was 45 degrees in both groups. Cup anteversion was 15 degrees (classic anterolateral) and 12 degrees (minimally invasive posterior), respectively. Stem position was regarded as neutral in 80% of THA through classic anterolateral and in 76 % through minimally invasive dorsal incisions. Complications occurred in 8% (classic anterolateral) and 9% (minimally invasive posterior) of THA patients. Surgical time, blood loss, risk of malpositioned implants, or complications were not increased for THA patients operated through minimally invasive posterior incisions compared to those operated via classic anterolateral approaches.