广东惠州市华侨精神疾病流行病学调查

目的 了解惠州市杨侨镇越南归国华侨精神障碍的患病率及分布特点.方法 于2012年8月20日～9月20日采取整群抽样方法抽取杨侨镇5个办事处400户人为调查对象,其中200户为越南归国华侨,200户为非华侨.由具有5年以上精神科临床经验的医生采用1982年精神疾病流行病学调查协作组编写的《精神疾病流行病学调查手册》进行逐户筛选,参考《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(第3版)》(CCMD-3)对可疑精神障碍者进行诊断与分类.共调查了酒精依赖、精神分裂症、抑郁症等9个病种.结果 420人完成筛选,≥15岁为1244人,其中华侨为674人,非华侨为570人.华侨患病为40例(59.35‰),其中男性21例(31.16‰),女性19例(28.19‰);非华侨患病43例(75.44‰),其中男性24例(42.11‰),女性19例(33.33‰).调查的9个精神疾病病种在华侨和非华侨中的分布差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 广东惠州市华侨精神疾病的患病率可能高于全国其他地区,但精神疾病患病情况在华侨和非华侨中的分布相当,精神分裂症仍是重点防治的疾病.     

安徽淮北矿区职工精神疾病流行病学调查

目的：了解安徽淮北市矿区职工各类精神障碍的患病率。方法：采用精神疾病流调手册推荐的方法和流程,于2009年9月1日至12月31日对淮北市矿区职工进行精神疾病流行病学调查。结果：通过多级分层整群概率比例,随机抽样2830人完成调查,患有精神疾病177例（其中神经症88例）,精神疾病患病率为62．54‰;若不含神经症,患病率为31．45‰,与1993年全国7个地区精神疾病流行病学调查结果相比明显升高。结论：淮北矿区职工精神疾病患病率较高,各类精神疾病患病率以神经症和酒依赖居前两位。矿区职工精神卫生防治工作亟待加强。     

中国七个地区脑血管疾病所致精神障碍和酒、药依赖流行病学调查

中国七个地区脑血管疾病所致精神障碍和酒、药依赖流行病学调查涂健宁佐喜沈渔张维熙李淑然陈昌惠黄悦勤王金荣王德平付力牧纪丽萍刘志广吴化民罗开林翟书涛严和孟国荣１９９３年４月１日零时，我们在１９８２年精神疾病流行病学调查的１２个地区中的７个地区（北京、...     

济宁市农村精神疾病流行情况再调查的结果及其比较

为掌握我市农村精神疾病患病情况及其相关因素,并与１９８４年资料进行对照研究。方法 依据精神疾病流行病学调查的有关内容,对１９８４年三个样本县进行复调。结果 各类精神疾病总患病率为１０．３５‰,时点患病率为９．４１‰,其中精神分裂症患病率３．６２‰,情感性障碍０．２５‰,脑因管疾病所致精神障碍０．００‰,人格障碍１．０４‰。结论 除脑血管疾病所致精神障碍,人格障碍有显著性差异外,总患病率,时点患病率     

酒精所致精神障碍的观察与护理

21世纪是精神卫生时代.随着社会竞争的日益激烈,精神疾病发病率呈逐年上升趋势,据1993年流行病学调查资料显示,我国精神疾病的患病率已达13.47%,卫生精神病患者1600万人[1].而精神活性物质所致的精神障碍正逐渐漫延.精神活性物质主要有乙醇、鸦片类、大麻类、镇静催眠剂、可卡因、兴奋剂、致幻剂等等.其中酒精依赖患病率明显上升,1982年为0.12‰,1993年即为0.68‰.在此探讨一下酒精所致精神障碍的观察与护理.     

汕头市精神疾病流行病学调查

汕头市精神疾病流行病学调查林勇强张献共赵虎陈平周庄希航赵丹青陈静芳王妙君郭沈亮朱少毅罗开林为了解广东省汕头市精神疾病患病率的情况，我们以１９９５年７月１日零时为调查时点，进行了精神疾病流行病学调查，现场调查时间为１９９５年７月１日至８月３１日。１．资...     

大兴县精神疾病流行学调查报告

大兴县精神疾病流行学调查报告于鲁明赵月华高群义肖秋霞李玉敏我院于１９９３年对北京市大兴县１９个乡进行精神疾病的调查。调查对象是１１种精神疾病患者。调查时点为１９９３年５月１日零时，历时１５个月（包括补漏），分五片进行，每片最长不超过３个月。采用社会学...     

海南归国难侨的精神疾病调查分析

人口迁移是人类历史各时期难免存在的永久性现象,为此,移民精神病学研究不会随着时间的流逝而失去它的现实意义。为了解海南归国难侨各类精神障碍的患病率及可能的影响因素,我们于1999年6月1日至1999年7月31日对印尼、越南归国难侨聚居地海南省彬村山华侨农场进行了精神疾病调查,并与本地居民资料作比较分析。1　资料11　资料:调查样本为海南省彬村山华侨农场归国难侨聚居地区14个连队4589人中的≥15岁人口共4079人;包括印尼、越南难侨和与之居住生活在同一环境条件下的本地居民。12　方法:参照《精神疾病流行学调查手册》[1]中的有关调查工…     

阜阳市情感障碍的流行病学调查

目的了解阜阳市城乡情感性精神障碍患病状况及相关因素，初步探讨我国情感性精神障碍患病率较低的原因。方法2000年儿月～2001年3月在阜阳市区和3县农村进行精神疾病流行病学调查，共调查≥15岁者33332人，以心理卫生筛选表进行筛查，阳性者作精神现状检查及社会功能缺陷量表检查．以中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第2版修订本进行诊断。结果共查出情感性精神障碍患者39例．现患26例。终生患病率为1．17‰，时点患病率为0，78‰.青壮年患病率较高．并有明显的遗传倾向，农村和低收入家庭患病率相对较低．但未识别率和未治疗率却较高。结论我国的患病率低可能与情感性精神障碍分类的范围及人们对本病的认识水平有关。建议卫生部门将情感性精神障碍列为以后重点防治的疾病范围。     

精神疾病患者康复车间的作用

精神疾病患者康复车间的作用朱安其张仲英对１９８７年６～７月，在４个工厂的精神疾病康复车间中劳动的１７４例患者进行调查。其中男９９例，女７５例；年龄１９～７６岁；病程１～３８年，平均１２．６年；精神分裂症１３２例，情感性精神障碍１７例，心因性精神障碍５...     

Emergency commitment of people residing in assisted living facilities

The objective of this study was to describe emergency commitment of people from assisted living facilities (ALFs) and to discuss relevant policy issues. This study used statewide, archival emergency commitment data from July 2000 through June 2008. During the 1 year from July 07 through June 08 there were 3,061 people with 4,163 emergency commitments from ALFs. Some individuals had more than one emergency commitment during the year, with 20% having between 2 and 9 emergency commitments from ALFs. Some of these individuals also had substantial numbers of emergency commitments in the 7 years from July 2000 through June 2007. Discussed are possible factors related to emergency commitment from ALFs and the need for additional research on these topics. This includes availability of mental health services for these populations, the role of client characteristics, and how licensing of ALFs relates to emergency commitment of ALF residents.     

Viewing Uganda's mental health system through a human rights lens

There has been increased global concern about the human rights violations experienced by people with mental disorders. The aim of this study was to analyse Uganda's mental health care system through a human rights lens. A survey of the existing mental health system in Uganda was conducted using the WHO Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems. In addition, 62 interviews and six focus groups were conducted with a broad range of mental health stakeholders at the national and district levels. Despite possessing a draft mental health policy that is in line with many international human rights standards, Uganda's mental health system inadequately promotes and protects, and frequently violates the human rights of people with mental disorders. The mental health legislation is offensive and stigmatizing. It is common for people accessing mental health services to encounter physical and emotional abuse and an inadequate quality of care. Mental health services are inequitably distributed. Within Ugandan society, people with mental disorders also frequently experience widespread stigma and discrimination, and limited support. Promoting and protecting the rights of people with mental disorders has ethical and public health imperatives. A number of policy, legislative and service development initiatives are required.     

Viewing Uganda's mental health system through a human rights lens

There has been increased global concern about the human rights violations experienced by people with mental disorders. The aim of this study was to analyse Uganda's mental health care system through a human rights lens. A survey of the existing mental health system in Uganda was conducted using the WHO Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems. In addition, 62 interviews and six focus groups were conducted with a broad range of mental health stakeholders at the national and district levels. Despite possessing a draft mental health policy that is in line with many international human rights standards, Uganda's mental health system inadequately promotes and protects, and frequently violates the human rights of people with mental disorders. The mental health legislation is offensive and stigmatizing. It is common for people accessing mental health services to encounter physical and emotional abuse and an inadequate quality of care. Mental health services are inequitably distributed. Within Ugandan society, people with mental disorders also frequently experience widespread stigma and discrimination, and limited support. Promoting and protecting the rights of people with mental disorders has ethical and public health imperatives. A number of policy, legislative and service development initiatives are required.     

Health professionals' recognition of co-occurring alcohol and depressive disorders in youth: a survey of Australian general practitioners, psychiatrists, psychologists and mental health nurses using case vignettes

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether health professionals who commonly deal with mental disorder are able to identify co-occurring alcohol misuse in young people presenting with depression. METHOD: Between September 2006 and January 2007, a survey examining beliefs regarding appropriate interventions for mental disorder in youth was sent to 1,710 psychiatrists, 2,000 general practitioners (GPs), 1,628 mental health nurses, and 2,000 psychologists in Australia. Participants within each professional group were randomly given one of four vignettes describing a young person with a DSM-IV mental disorder. Herein is reported data from the depression and depression with alcohol misuse vignettes. RESULTS: A total of 305 psychiatrists, 258 GPs, 292 mental health nurses and 375 psychologists completed one of the depression vignettes. A diagnosis of mood disorder was identified by at least 83.8% of professionals, with no significant differences noted between professional groups. Rates of reported co-occurring substance use disorders were substantially lower, particularly among older professionals and psychologists. CONCLUSIONS: GPs, psychologists and mental health professionals do not readily identify co-occurring alcohol misuse in young people with depression. Given the substantially negative impact of co-occurring disorders, it is imperative that health-care professionals are appropriately trained to detect such disorders promptly, to ensure young people have access to effective, early intervention.     

What Are the Best Predictors of Opinions of Mental Illness in the Indian Population?

Mental illness affects millions of people around the world, and yet support, advocacy, and acceptance of people with psychological disabilities is lacking. The stigma of mental illness hinders those who want and need help from getting it, which only perpetuates the problem. The purpose of this study was to identify those factors that have predictive value for opinions of mental illness. Mechanical Turk was used to distribute the Opinions of Mental Illness scale along with a demographics survey. Taking part in the initial survey were 195 people (82 females) of Indian descent. Utilizing a backwards stepwise regression, we constructed a model that included the four most influential factors. Gender, political affiliation, parental nurturing, and age emerged as the best predictors of opinions of mental illness within the Indian population.     

Mental illness in one district of Uganda

AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorder in one district of Uganda. METHODS: Data were collected from a survey of a random sample of households in Kabarole, West Uganda. Interviews were carried out with household members. Further information was obtained from interviews of key community informants and from Focus Group discussions conducted in each Parish. RESULTS: Some 384 households were surveyed. Of these, 99 households identified members with a mental illness in the previous year and a total of 130 individuals were identified, 12 of whom were children. Few individuals had been seen by formal mental health services and traditional methods of treatment were commonly used. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated prevalence of 30.7% in adults is higher than that of 25.3% found in the only other community based survey of mental illness previously conducted in Uganda. A well conducted study using modern case defining methods needs to be carried out in Uganda.     

The distribution of services to demented elderly people living in the community

One hundred and sixty demented, community-resident elderly people were identified by means of a community survey. Subjects who lived alone received home helps and meals-on-wheels more often than those who lived with supporters but there were no differences between the two groups with respect to district nursing or day care. Services increased in line with the degree of mental infirmity and nearly all moderately and severely demented people who lived alone were known to at least one service. We suggest that the home help and meals-on-wheels services, as presently constituted, may have limited applicability to dependent old people who live with able-bodied supporters. If services are to provide effective assistance, they may need to adapt their provision to the actual needs of elderly people and their relatives.     

Attitudes of U.S. Psychiatry Residents and Fellows towards Mental Illness and its Causes: a Comparison Study with Medical Students

Stigma towards people with mental illness remains a burden for patients and healthcare providers. This study at a large US university examined the attitudes of psychiatry residents and fellows towards mental illness and its causes, and whether their attitudes differed from the medical student attitudes previously studied utilizing the same survey method. An electronic questionnaire examining attitudes toward people with mental illness, causes of mental Illness, and treatment efficacy was used to survey the attitudes of psychiatry residents and fellows. Exploratory factor analysis derived from the authors’ medical student survey was used to examine attitudinal factors. The study response rate was 54.2% (n =?94). Factor analysis employed three factors previously identified reflecting social acceptance of mental illness, belief in supernatural causes, and belief in biopsychosocial causes. Residents and fellows reporting more personal experiences with mental illness, both as a group and when compared with medical students, were significantly more willing to socialize with the mentally ill. Respondents who had more professional (work) experience other than medical school or post-graduate training were less likely to believe in supernatural causes of mental illness. Female residents and fellows were more willing to socialize with the mentally ill, and were less likely to believe in supernatural causes for mental illness than their male counterparts. In our study, increased social acceptance of the mentally ill relates to having personal experiences, advanced training in psychiatry, and female gender. Both professional experiences outside of training and female gender reduced the belief in supernatural causes.     

Mental health service delivery to older people in New South Wales: perceptions of aged care, adult mental health and mental health services for older people

OBJECTIVE: To compare the perceptions of aged care services, adult mental health services and mental health services for older people regarding aspects of mental health service delivery for older people in New South Wales, Australia. METHOD: The NSW Branch of the Faculty of Psychiatry of Old Age in association with the NSW Centre for Mental Health, sent a postal survey to all aged care services, adult mental health services and mental health services for older people in NSW. The survey canvassed issues ranging across service profiles, regional variations, availability of resources, processes of care, views on working relationships between services, difficulties and gaps experienced, and ways to improve co-ordination and service delivery. Clinical issues such as the management and practice of psychiatric disorders of old age, educational/training requirements and skill and experience in working with older people were explored. RESULTS: An overall response rate of 86% was achieved, including 95% from aged care services (n = 58), 74% from adult mental health services (n = 62) and 90% from mental health services for older people (n = 20). Only 59% of aged care services and adult mental health services considered that their local mental health services for older people provided an adequate service; resource and budget limitations were portrayed as the main constraint. Mental health services for older people varied widely in structure, settings and activities undertaken. Access to mental health beds for older people was also variable, and alongside staffing levels was considered problematic. Lack of staff training and/or inexperience in psychogeriatrics posed a challenge for aged care services and adult mental health services. CONCLUSION: Relationships between aged care services, adult mental health services and mental health services for older people are affected by lack of access to psychogeriatric staff, resource limitations of mental health services for older people, and inadequate liaison and support between the service types. Joint case conferences, education, increased funding of mental health services for older people, and cross referrals were considered ways to address these issues.