宫颈癌放疗后盆腔MRI分析

目的 分析宫颈癌放射治疗(简称放疗)中与放疗后肿瘤与盆部非肿瘤组织、器官的MRI改变。方法 48例经病理证实的宫颈癌患者在放射治疗前、治疗中和治疗后不同时间段行盆腔的MR成像。在MR图像上观察肿瘤及盆部软组织、器官及骨髓在放疗前后的大小或信号改变。结果 (1)放疗中，4例肿瘤无缩小，42例肿瘤出现不同程度缩小，2例肿瘤消失。T1W增强成像，15例患者肿瘤灶内出现“无强化区”。肿瘤痊愈表现为T2W、频率敏感脂肪抑制(SPIR)序列成像呈低信号，T1W增强扫描轻微强化或无强化。(2)放疗可引起盆腔区域多个软组织、器官的异常MRI表现。(3)骨髓信号最早出现改变的是在外照射开始后第8天，病人受照剂量在12Gy时。放疗早期，骨髓在T1W、T2W及SPIR序列影像上信号升高，T1W增强扫描见强化。放疗晚期，骨髓的T1WI、T2WI上信号升高程度增加，SPIR序列图像上出现信号降低，T1W增强扫描骨髓强化不明显。结论 MR成像有助于宫颈癌放疗疗效的评价，同时可显示放射线所致的盆部软组织器官及骨髓的损伤。     

合成MRI临床应用的研究进展

合成MRI是一种定量磁共振成像技术[1],该技术一次扫描即可得到T1、T2、质子密度(PD)的定量图谱和包含反转恢复(IR)在内的多种对比加权图像[2].合成M RI可以应用于全身各个系统,目前的研究多数集中在脑成像方面,并且研究结果获得了较好的临床应用.现有文献显示该技术在前列腺、乳腺、骨关节等方面的研究越来越多.本...     

联合T2加权和扩散加权MRI检测低、中或高风险前列腺癌

摘要目的评价扩散加权成像(DWI)联合T2WI方法检测低(Gleason评分≤6)和中或高风险(Gleason评分≥7)的前列腺癌的增加价值。方法评价51例前列腺切除前病人所接受的MRI检查。2名研究人员独立对T2WI和T2WI联合表观扩散系数(ADC)影像上可能发生前列腺肿瘤的8个区域进行评分。数据分为两组,低风险组和中或高风险前列腺癌组,并与组织病理学结果对比。对诊断性能参数、受试者操作特性曲线下面积(AUC)及两名研究者的一致性进行评估。     

前列腺癌的磁共振诊断

前列腺癌是欧美老年男性的最常见恶性肿瘤之一,其预后及治疗主要取决于早期诊断和准确的术前分期,正确处理的情况下前列腺癌的死亡率相对较低[1～6]。随着我国人口老龄化的进程和男性人口预期寿命的延长,我国前列腺癌的发病率日益上升,其术前诊断与分期的方法成为倍受关注的研究热点。磁共振成像（MRI）以其优异的软组织分辨率及多方位、多序列成像能力成为目前前列腺癌术前诊断、分期的最主要、最准确的方法。前列腺癌的磁共振成像包括常规MRI及功能MRI两个部分。     

磁共振水成像在临床中的应用

磁共振水成像是近年来发展迅速的磁共振成像技术之一。其基本方法就是使用重T2加权技术使实质器官及流动血液呈低信号，而长T2静态液体呈高信号，独立成像。它包括磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)，磁共振泌尿系成像(MRU)，磁共振椎管成像(MRM)，磁共振内耳成像，磁共振涎腺管成像，磁共振泪道造影，磁共振脑室系统造影     

前列腺癌的分期:是否需采用磁共振成像?——决策分析探讨

目的 :确定磁共振成像在前列腺癌术前分期的正确使用。方法 :文献综述是通过使用循证医学原理和医学技术评估来完成。决策分析模型用于比较策略Ａ(在临床分期基础上进行前列腺癌根治术 )与策略Ｂ(临床分期基础上认为可手术的患者而通过磁共振成像探查到其包膜外疾病而不适合前列腺癌根治术 )。结果 :通过文献复习 ,专家组的意见不推荐用磁共振进行分期。尚未发现有关疗效的研究结果。决策分析模型表明包括有磁共振分期的方案降低了费用 (磁共振成像＄ 10 5 68;前列腺癌根治术＄ 11669)且有几乎相同的预期寿命 (磁共振成像12 .5 9年 ;前列腺…     

1.5T磁共振动态增强 扩散成像在前列腺癌诊断中的应用

目的分析前列腺癌患者接受1.5T磁共振动态增强、扩散成像诊断的临床应用价值。方法选择2018年2月至2019年2月我院收治40例前列腺癌患者为观察组研究对象,选择同期来我院接受体检的健康者40名为对照组,均采取1.5T磁共振动态增强、扩散成像检查,记录并比较2组患者动态增强结果及扩散成像结果差异。结果观察组患者在0 s时信号强度(0.85±0.12)SI、30 s时信号强度(1.04±0.23)SI、60 s时信号强度(1.30±1.03)SI、90 s时信号强度(1.32±0.14)SI、120s时信号强度(1.35±0.21)SI、150 s时信号强度(1.44±0.31)SI均高于对照组(P<0.05)(按照0 s、30 s、60 s、90 s、120 s、150 s描述),另外观察组患者在不同b值下ADC值均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论前列腺癌患者通过1.5T MR动态增强及扩散成像诊断准确性较高,值得临床应用与推广。     

MRI对主动脉瘤伴主动脉夹层的诊断价值

目的:探讨MRI对主动脉瘤伴主动脉夹层的诊断价值及其表现。材料与方法:10例主动脉瘤伴主动脉夹层病人于临床症状出现后1天至360天接受了磁共振成像,其中男性8例,女性2例,年龄25～63岁(平均43岁)。5例呈急性发病,而另5例为慢性发病。半数以上的病人有高血压病史。对所有病人的磁共振成像,均采用了Siemens超导机Magnetom Impact 1.0T。结果:10例病人按受累部位分别归类为DeBakey Ⅰ型1例,Ⅱ型2例,以及Ⅲ型7例。结论:磁共振成像技术对主动脉瘤伴主动脉夹层病人的诊断,具有其他方法所不能比拟的精确性。     

7T定量髋关节MRI:健康志愿者髋关节软骨的T_1、T_2以及T_2~*成像

正摘要目的评估7 T定量髋关节MRI评价髋关节软骨的可行性及适用性,其中7 T定量髋关节MRI包括软骨延迟增强磁共振成像(d GEMRIC)、T_2及T_2~*成像。方法对11名健康志愿者的髋关节进行了7 T MRI扫描,具体方法包括:8     

3 T MR扩散加权成像描述前列腺癌的最佳b值是什么?

目的确定3TMR扩散加权成像显示前列腺癌的最佳b值。方法41例经活检证实前列腺癌的病人用16通道线圈采用5个b值(0、1000、1500、2000、2500s/mm2)的3TMR扩散加权成像检查。对比不同b值影像的最佳病灶显     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.