临床大剂量输注两种不同红细胞悬液的疗效评估

目的评估红细胞悬液经滤除白细胞后降低输血副作用的效果。方法选取1998年1月~2001年10月间148份大剂量输血的手术病历,记录红细胞悬液或去白细胞红细胞悬液输注前、输注1d后的指标,包括白细胞计数(WBC)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TB)、直接胆红素(DB)、肌酐(Cr)、血糖(GLU)、血K和Ca离子浓度、pH值,并比较非溶血性发热反应(FNHTR)的发生率,分析两种成分输血对患者机体的影响。结果在红细胞悬液输注组,术后GOT、ALT、Cr、WBC、GLU、IB、TB的增高与红细胞悬液输注有关(P<0.05),血钾、钙离子浓度和pH的变化不显著(P>0.05);在白细胞去除组,手术前后各项指标的变化均不显著(P>0.05)。输注红细胞悬液组FNTHR发生率为75.6%。结论去白细胞红细胞悬液在大剂量输血中的应用,可有效防止FNTHR的发生,降低因红细胞悬液中白细胞和血小板-白细胞复合物(PLA)对患者机体造成的损伤。     

去白细胞悬浮红细胞的临床应用

目的观察去白细胞前后血液质量变化,及临床输注去白细胞悬浮红细胞降低非溶血性发热性输血反应（FNHTR）的效果。方法随机采集全血30袋（300ml/袋）,在滤除白细胞操作前、后分别留取血液样本进行检测,分别记录过滤前后血液指标。分析临床130例输注去白细胞悬浮红细胞患者和133例输悬浮红细胞患者FNHTR的发生率。结果过滤后红细胞（RBC）回收率大于90%、白细胞去除率99.99%、血小板去除率76.66%、过滤后血液容积减少（44.28±3.12）ml,血红蛋白（HGB）含量、红细胞压积Hct、游离血红蛋白含量FHb、MCV、MCH及MCHC过滤前后的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。去白细胞组FNHTR发生率（2.95%）低于悬浮红细胞组（12.29%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论国产一次性使用去白细胞滤器可有效去除白细胞,且红细胞回收率大于90%,达到或超过血站基本标准中对去白细胞血液成分的要求。临床输注去白细胞悬浮红细胞能有效减少非溶血性发热性输血反应的发生,提高输血质量。     

去除白细胞输血对预防非溶血性输血后发热反应的应用价值

目的探讨去除白细胞输血对预防非溶血性输血后发热反应(FNHTR)的应用价值。方法将该院需行输血的650例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组给予未去除白细胞的普通红细胞悬液,而观察组给予去除白细胞的少白细胞红细胞悬液。分析两种红细胞悬液的常规指标;输液患者总体、不同保存期(7、14、21d)、不同输血次数的FNHTR发生率情况。结果除白细胞和血小板外,去除白细胞对红细胞悬液的红细胞数和血红蛋白含量没有影响,且不同的保存天数对两者的常规指标没有影响;观察组总体及1次输血(P<0.01),2～3次和3次以上输血(P<0.05)的FNHTR发生率均低于对照组。结论去除白细胞输血可预防非溶血性输血后发热反应,尤其在预防因多次输血而引起的非溶血性输血后发热反应效果显著。     

不同型号滤器去除白细胞在临床输血中的应用效果

临床输血采用白细胞过滤方式被认为是预防非溶血性发热性输血反应 ( FNHTR)的有效途径 ,目前国产过滤器有血库型和床边型两种 ,笔者观察 2 3例住院患者输注红细胞悬液、保存前去白红细胞悬液 (使用血库型滤器 )、床边去白红细胞悬液 (使用床边型滤器 )后 FNHTR的发生情况 ,现报道如下。材料与方法1　材料　三联血袋为上海血液中心生产 (红细胞悬液的保养液为 CPDA,保存期 3 5 d) ,白细胞过滤器由南京双威实业公司生产 ,FTS-RC型 ,白细胞去除率为 99.6% ,红细胞回收率为 93 .8%。2　研究对象　本院血液科、肿瘤科住院患者共计 2 3例 …     

肿瘤患者输血反应调查分析

目的探讨肿瘤患者急性输血反应的发生率,分析其中的原因,并提出有效的预防改进措施,为减少输血反应提供参考。方法收集2008~2010年本院临床科室发生的输血反应回报单,回顾性统计分析输血反应的情况。结果 68 791人次受血者中,156例发生输血反应,发生率0.23%;与报道的非肿瘤患者输血反应的发生率相当。其中非溶血性发热性输血反应(FNHTR)有83人次,占53.21%;过敏性输血反应(TRA)72例,占46.15%;溶血性输血反应(HTR)1例,占0.64%;输注红细胞悬液、血浆和血小板占总输血反应的发生率分别为57.05%、32.05%和10.90%。其中47人次(30.13%)首次输血时发生输血反应,109人次(69.87%)在2次或2次以上输血时发生输血反应。结论肿瘤患者输血反应率为0.23%,主要是FNHTR和TRA。输血前联合使用多种药物,输注去白细胞成分血和不规则抗体筛查可以有效降低肿瘤患者的输血反应发生率。     

滤除白细胞对红细胞悬液保存期间炎性细胞因子水平的影响及与临床非溶血性发热的关系

目的 :研究红细胞悬液保存期间白细胞介素IL 1,IL 6,IL 8和肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)水平变化和过滤对细胞因子水平及对非溶血性发热 (FNHTR)发生的影响。方法 :取 2U红细胞悬液 ,1U红细胞悬液予滤除白细胞和 1U红细胞悬液不滤除白细胞处理 ,保存 5周。分别在 0周、1周、3周、5周测定各细胞因子水平 ,临床观察过滤组和非过滤组FNHTR发生率。结果 :未经白细胞滤除的红细胞悬液随保存期延长各细胞因子水平逐渐升高 ,0周、1周、3周有统计学差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但 3周与 5周未见明显差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而经白细胞滤除的红细胞悬液保存期内各细胞因子的增加无统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 )。未滤除白细胞红细胞悬液输注后FNHTR发生率高于滤除组(P <0 0 5 )。结论 :未滤除白细胞的红细胞悬液在保存期内各细胞因子会积聚增多 ,可能与FNHTR发生有关 ,滤除后可有效防止细胞因子的增加 ,有助于降低临床FNHTR发生率     

应用除白细胞的血小板和CMV血清阴性的红细胞以预骨髓移植后早期的CMV感染

应用巨细胞病毒(CMV)血清阴性的血液制品能够有效地预防早期CMV 感染,但此种血液制品并非易得,由于感染的白细胞是CMV 的却源,输注中除掉白细胞部分就可降低或消除CMV 感染的危险。骨髓移植前用乳胶凝集试验和酸免疫分析检测所有病人及供者的CMV 抗体。病人随机分组,一组接受去白细胞的血小板浓缩物(PC)和CMV 阴性的红细胞输注(治疗组),另一组接受未筛选的血液制品输注(对照组),保持观察至CMV 感染发生或骨髓移植后100天,少白细胞PV 从未筛选的效单位全血中制备(约50%献血员CMV 阳性)。全血先以1025g 离心9分钟,再用3000g离心20分钟,血小板扣用50ml 少血小板血浆重悬,将4～6个PC 混合,最后用400g 离心10分钟可除去约99.8%的白细胞,输注前作白细胞计数和血小板计数。用乳胶凝集     

建立输血不良反应监测体系连续对发热性非溶血性输血反应的监测与分析

目的探讨发热性非溶血性输血反应(FNHTR)的发生率及发病的相关因素。方法建立输血不良反应的监测体系,连续监测2006年1月-2014年9月本院门诊或/和住院患者FNHTR的发病情况,对确诊的280例FNHTR的临床资料进行分析。结果 1)输注血小板、红细胞、血浆及冷沉淀患者FNHTR的发生率分别为0.8‰(33/43 684)、0.42‰(156/374 343)、0.17‰(88/519 460)和0.08‰(3/38 361);2)输注悬浮红细胞与少白红细胞的FNHTR的发生率分别为0.50‰(119/240 232)vs 0.28‰(37/134 111)(P0.05);3)男性和女性FNHTR患者有输血史的比例分别为72.4%(121/167)vs 71.7%(81/113)(P0.05)。结论引起FNHTR的血液成分主要是血小板;输注少白细胞红细胞可明显降低FNHTR的发生率;输血史是FNHTR的高危因素。     

血库型滤白红细胞的临床应用分析

目的探讨血库型滤白悬浮红细胞在减少非溶血性发热性输血反应(FNHTR)的临床应用效果。方法选取在2016年1月-10月期间,在惠州市七家二级甲等以上医院接受血库型滤白悬浮红细胞治疗患者1744例次作为观察组,随机抽取同期使用普通悬浮红细胞治疗的患者2318例次作为对照组,分析两组不同病种、不同输血次数输血后FNHTR发生率。结果观察组发生FNHTR14例,发生率0.80%,对照组发生FNHTR49例,发生率2.11%,两组FNHTR发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05);外科和妇产科的两组FNHTR发生率差异无统计学意义;儿科、肿瘤科、血液科等需多次输血的病种两组FNHTR发生率差异有统计学意义;5次以上输血患者FNHTR发生率在两组间差异有统计学意义;保存期两周后滤除白细胞的FNHTR与对照组总体FNHTR发生率相比差异无统计学意义,保存三周后滤除白细胞的FNHTR发生率高于对照组总体FNHTR发生率,差异有统计学意义。结论在需反复输血患者身上应用在一定储存期内滤除白细胞的血液,可降低FNHTR的发生率,提高输血安全性。     

去白细胞单采血小板的临床应用

【目的】研究保存前白细胞过滤与保存后白细胞过滤对单采血小板临床输注效果及非溶血性发热输血反应（FNHTR）发生率的影响。【方法】46例肿瘤化疗后血小板减少患者，分别输注保存前过滤单采血小板（保存前组）与保存后过滤单采血小板（保存后组），输注后1h及24h后检测外周血小板计数，以校正血小板计数增殖（CCI）判定输注效果，并考查FNHTR发生率。【结果】保存前组与保存后组其1h及24hCCI值无明显差异（P〉0．05），但保存前组FNHTR发生率要明显低于保存后组（P〈0．05）。【结论】两种方法制备的单采血小板均能有效地治疗血小板减少，但保存前过滤能更有效地减少FNHTR的发生率。     

Pre-storage leucocyte depletion and transfusion reaction rates in cancer patients

Passenger leucocytes transfused with allogenic blood are responsible for potential adverse effects. The impact of pre-storage leucodepletion (in-line filtration) of all whole blood units on transfusion reaction rate among patients suffering from cancer was retrospectively studied, comparing all reactions following red blood cell (RBC) transfusions during 2 years of pre-storage vs. 2 years of selective (bedside) leucodepletion. During selective leucodepletion, 5165 RBC units - of which 2745 were bedside filtered units- were transfused to 866 patients. Twenty-eight reactions were recorded: 22 (15 in the bedside group) febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR) and six allergic reactions (five in the bedside group). The overall percentage of reactions was 0.54 (0.76 for bedside) and 0.42 for FNHTR (0.54 for bedside). During pre-storage leucodepletion, 4116 RBC units were transfused to 841 patients. Eleven reactions were recorded: four FNHTR and seven allergic reactions (urticaria). The percentage of reactions for transfused RBC units was 0.26 (0.09 for FNHTR). Comparison between pre-storage filtration and bedside filtration with regard to FNHTR showed an odds ratio of 2.80 (95% confidence interval = 0.83-14.87) for bedside filtration. The study suggests that, for transfused patients affected by cancer, pre-storage leucodepletion is more effective than selective (bedside) filtration in reducing the incidence of transfusion reactions (FNHTR).     

白细胞过滤对血小板保存期间炎性细胞因子水平的影响及临床效果的评估

目的　考察浓缩血小板悬液 (plateletconcentratesuspend ,PCs)在保存期内IL 1β、IL 6、IL 8和TNF α的浓度变化和过滤对其的影响 ,了解在保存前滤除PCs中的白细胞是否能有效地减少这些细胞因子的积累和降低受血者非溶血性发热性输血反应 (febrilenonhemolytictransfusionreactions,FNHTR)发生率。 方法　将 1单位PCs分成两等份 ,分别给予血小板专用白细胞滤器过滤处理和不滤除白细胞处理 ,保存 5d。在 0、3、5d测定IL 1β、IL 6、IL 8和TNF α含量及白细胞计数 ,采用配对t检验进行统计分析 ;临床观察未滤组和过滤组PCs输后FNHTR发生率。结果　PCs中的白细胞计数与保存 5d时IL 1β、IL 6、IL 8和TNF α水平之间呈正相关。未滤组PCs中有较多白细胞混入 [(35 1± 81)× 10 6/袋 ],在保存期间IL 1β、IL 6、IL 8和TNF α水平明显升高 ;过滤组的PCs残余白细胞 <1× 10 6/袋在保存期间诸细胞因子均保持在 0d水平 ;临床观察显示 ,末滤PCs与过滤PCs输注后FNHTR发生率分别为 2 0 .83%和 5 .83% ,P <0 .0 1。结论　保存前用血小板专用去白细胞滤器去除PCs中残留的白细胞能有效地防止细胞因子的积累 ,同时保留 95 %以上的血小板。输注滤除白细胞的PCs能有效地减少FNHTR发生     

非血缘脐血移植术后患者输血情况相关影响因素分析

目的探讨行非血缘脐血移植术(UCBT)后患者成分输血及剂量的相关影响因素。方法回顾29例行非血缘脐血移植的血液病患者移植后60天内输血信息,将患者分为低剂量输注组:红细胞和血小板输注量总计<18 U;高剂量输注组:红细胞和血小板输注量总计≥18 U。分析患者的移植前临床资料、移植后植入情况、移植后急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)发生以及一年内生存率与临床输血情况的关系。结果29例患者移植后60天内平均红细胞输注量为(10.97±11.80)U,平均血小板输注量为(7.12±5.06)U,血小板与红细胞的输入量呈显著正相关;高低剂量输注组移植前两组患者临床资料无显著差异,移植后中性粒细胞植入时间与血小板输注量呈正相关(P<0.05);移植后发生Ⅱ~Ⅳ级aGVHD的患者输注红细胞与血小板显著高于0~I级aGVHD的患者;低剂量输注组一年生存率显著高于高剂量输注组(P<0.05)。结论非血缘脐血移植患者移植后60天内红细胞和血小板输注量与供体植入,移植后aGVHD发生以及移植后生存期显著相关。     

Prestorage universal WBC reduction of RBC units does not affect the incidence of transfusion reactions

BACKGROUND: Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) has been identified as a pivotal reason for prestorage universal WBC reduction. A regional blood center implemented universal prestorage WBC reduction for RBCs on January 1, 2000. Whether prestorage universal WBC reduction of RBC units will affect FNHTR is not known. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: All reports of RBC transfusion reactions at Barnes-Jewish Hospital submitted for evaluation to the blood bank, before and after the implementation of WBC reduction of RBCs, were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: For the 36,303 allogeneic RBC transfusions administered in 1999, 85 reactions (0.23%) were reported. These reactions were classified as FNHTR in 43 cases, allergic in 13, delayed hemolytic in 19, and miscellaneous in 10. For the 31,543 non-WBC-reduced RBC transfusions performed in 1999, 78 reactions (0.25%) were reported. These reactions were classified as FNHTR in 39 cases, allergic in 13, delayed hemolytic in 19, and miscellaneous in 7. In the first half of 2000, 32 reactions (0.20%) were reported for 16,093 prestorage WBC-reduced RBC transfusions (p = 0.41). There were 13 FNHTRs and 10 allergic, 7 delayed hemolytic, and 2 miscellaneous reactions. The use of prestorage WBC-reduced RBCs did not significantly affect the rate of reactions classified as allergic (0.04% in 1999; 0.06% in 2000; p = 0.43) or as FNHTR (0.12% in 1999; 0.08% in 2000; p = 0.33). For all patients, universal WBC reduction in 2000 did not reduce the rate of FNHTR from the rate seen with selective bedside WBC reduction, the practice used in 1999 (0.12% in 1999; 0.08% in 2000; p = 0.36). CONCLUSION: No significant difference was found in the incidence of transfusion reactions in patients receiving prestorage WBC-reduced RBCs and non-WBC-reduced RBCs. In addition, no difference was found in transfusion reaction rates when periods of prestorage universal WBC reduction were compared to those of selective WBC reduction.     

临床急性输血反应的回顾性分析

目的回顾性分析安徽省立医院近年来发生的急性输血反应,为临床减少输血反应、有效处理输血反应提供参考。方法对2012年1月～2013年6月期间输注各种血液成分的住院患者的急性输血反应情况进行调查分析。结果研究期间共有37 857人次输注了108 543 U的各种血液成分;结果158例患者发生159次急性输血反应,反应发生率为0.38%（415/108 543）,其中FNHTR和ATR占97.48%,两者分别为46.54%（74/159）和50.94%（81/159）;不同血液成分中输注红细胞悬液、血浆和血小板的急性反应发生率分别为0.43%（225/52 554）、0.33%（166/50 456）和0.57%（24/4237）;既往输血次数为0、1、2、3次和大于3次的构成比分别为21.38%（34/159）、7.55%（12/159）、10.69%（17/159）、12.58%（20/159）和47.80%（76/159）。结论急性输血反应主要是FNHTR和ATR,以输注血小板的反应发生率最高,发生急性输血反应的病例中输血次数超过3次的比例最高;合理输血、减少血液输注、自体输血是目前预防输血反应最好的措施。     

The utility of < or =3-day-old whole-blood platelets in reducing the incidence of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions

BACKGROUND: Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs) to platelet transfusions have been linked to the presence of cytokines in supernatant plasma. Cytokine concentration is directly related to WBC content and storage time. This study evaluated the effect of limiting the storage time of random-donor platelet concentrates on the FNHTR rate. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: FNHTR rates were calculated retrospectively for single-donor apheresis platelet (SDP) and pooled random-donor platelet (PP) transfusions given during three consecutive 5-month study periods (November 1995 to February 1997) to patients on a single hematology/oncology/bone marrow transplant unit. Transfusion practice policies were: Baseline Period, SDPs preferred; Study Period A, PPs preferred; and Study Period B, < or =3-day-old PPs preferred. FNHTR rates were calculated from physicians' interpretations of reported reactions and the total number of SDP and PP transfusions in each period. SDPs were collected on two cell separators. All platelet components were filtered at issue in the laboratory by WBC-reduction filters. RESULTS: FNHTR rates for PP transfusions were: baseline, 11.1 percent (3/27); Study Period A, 4.6 percent (22/481); and Study Period B, 1.1 percent (3/282). The rates for SDP transfusions were 0. 15 percent (1/650), 0.75 percent (2/267), and 0.36 percent (1/273), respectively. The FNHTR rate for < or =3-day-old PPs was significantly less than the rate for older PPs (p = 0.0086 for Study Period A vs. Study Period B), and was not significantly different than that for SDPs (p = 0.33 for PPs vs. SDPs in Study Period B). CONCLUSION: Limiting transfusion of PPs to those stored 相似文献   

血液白细胞滤除方法及其临床应用效果比较

【目的】探讨去白细胞血液制备最佳工艺方法和临床应用效果。【方法】应用五种全血过滤方法,即无菌导管连接法（A法）;贮存后过滤法（B法）;采用血袋和滤器一体四联袋采血后6h直接过滤法（C法）;采用血袋和滤器一体四联袋采血后24～72h直接过滤法（D法）;采用血袋和滤器一体四联袋采血后96h直接过滤法（E法）。对过滤前后的血液进行血细胞计数、游离血红蛋白含量、红细胞膜脆性实验、白细胞介素2（IL-2）等质量检测,同时计算去白细胞血液红细胞回收率、白细胞去除率。比较不同方法制备的去白细胞血液经临床输注后红细胞输注效果及非溶血性发热性输血反应（febrilenonhemolytictransfusionreactions,FNHTR）。【结果】采用不同的过滤方法制备的血液产品质量不同,B法与C法制备血液临床输注后FNHTR和红细胞输注效果都有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。B法和E法两种方法与A法、C法、D法三种方法比较去白细胞血液红细胞脆性和游离血红蛋白FHb有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,同时前两种方法制备血液保存期末IL-2与其它方法也有差异（P〈0．01）。C法制备的去白细胞血液质量及制备工艺整体优于其它方法,而且能够减少临床FNHTR和红细胞输注无效。【结论】采用联袋采集血液后6h内进行血液白细胞过滤,能够提高临床输血整体疗效,减少红细胞输注无效及FNHTR。     

肝硬化患者肝移植术中红细胞输注影响因素

目的通过对资料回顾性分析,确定影响肝硬化患者肝脏移植术中红细胞输注因素。方法收集本院2003-2010年肝脏移植中肝硬化患者的临床资料328例,根据红细胞输注量将移植受体分为无红细胞输注组、一般输注组（8I细胞输注量〈12单位）和大量输注组（红细胞输注量≥12单位）3组,比较各组患者资料,并通过逐步回归分析选择预示术中红细胞输注指标。结果术中红细胞输注量与患者ChildPugh评分和MELD评分相关（相关系数分别为0．287和0．250,P〈0．01）,不同红细胞输注组的年龄、ChildPugh评分、MELD评分、术前白蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白、总胆红素水平和凝血酶原时间的差异有统计学意义,年龄、ChildPugh评分、术前前白蛋白、血红蛋白、总胆红素和肌酐水平对术中红细胞输注量有预示作用。结论患者术前的肝肾功能是影响肝硬化患者肝脏移植术中红细胞输注量的重要因素,其中肝脏合成功能受损作用更强。     

Reactions to platelet transfusion: the effect of the storage time of the concentrate

Random platelet concentrates were pooled and depleted of leucocytes by centrifugation immediately prior to transfusion. The incidence and severity of reactions to 570 leucocyte-poor platelet transfusions in 74 patients were studied. An overall transfusion reaction rate of 13.7% was observed. The reaction rate to platelets stored for less than 3 days (8.7%) was significantly different from the reaction rate to platelets stored for 3 days or more (17.6%). Minor reactions as well as moderate and severe reactions were more frequent in the latter group. As most of the white blood cells were removed prior to transfusion, it is suggested that the reactions result from the transfusion of pyrogenic and/or vasoactive substances accumulated in the plasma of the concentrate during storage.     

Platelet transfusions in children: results of a randomized,prospective, crossover trial of plasma removal and a prospective audit of WBC reduction

BACKGROUND: Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs) complicate 2 to 37 percent of platelet transfusions in adults, but the incidence of such reactions in children is not known. The effectiveness of plasma reduction after storage and WBC reduction of platelet concentrates before storage was studied in pediatric recipients of platelet transfusions. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In the first study, a prospective randomized crossover design was used in which patients received either unmodified whole-blood-derived or apheresis platelets or platelets from which most of the plasma supernatant had been removed just before transfusion. The second study was a prospective audit of recipients of prestorage WBC-reduced platelets. Children between 3 months and 17 years of age were eligible for both studies. Patients were assessed for signs and symptoms that are characteristic of a reaction during, immediately after, and 2 hours following transfusion. RESULTS: There were 226 platelet transfusions administered to 66 children. One hundred and sixty transfusions were given to 35 children enrolled in the randomized study, and 66 transfusions were given to 33 children during the audit. In the randomized study, nine of the 75 transfusions of unmodified platelets (12%) and six of 85 transfusions of poststorage plasma-removed platelets (7%) were associated with an FNHTR (p=0.42). In the audit, three of 66 transfusions of prestorage WBC-reduced platelets (5%) were associated with an FNHTR. Allergic reactions occurred with 5 percent (4 of 75), 6 percent (5 of 85), and 6 percent (4 of 66) of platelet transfusions, respectively. CONCLUSION: FNHTRs appear to be less common among pediatric recipients of platelet transfusions than in adults. In our two studies, there was a trend toward a lower frequency of FNHTRs with poststorage plasma removal and prestorage WBC reduction than with standard platelets, but this was not significant.