Short-term, high-fat diets lower circulating leptin concentrations in rats

BACKGROUND: Leptin is produced in proportion to body fat mass and can act on the brain to induce satiety and regulate adipose tissue mass; factors other than adipose tissue mass may influence circulating leptin concentrations. OBJECTIVE: We explored the possibility that short-term, moderately high-fat diets induce weight gain by producing inappropriately low circulating leptin concentrations. DESIGN: Female Hooded Wistar rats were fed either a moderately high-fat diet or control diet. Body weight, energy intake, body composition, and fasting plasma leptin were compared after 4 and 14 wk of dietary treatment. RESULTS: After 4 wk, abdominal fat mass was 38% greater in rats fed the high-fat diet than in those fed the control diet (P < 0.01). However, plasma leptin concentrations were 24% lower in animals fed the high-fat diet (P < 0.05), resulting in significantly lower plasma leptin concentrations per unit abdominal fat mass than in control animals (P < 0.005). From 4 to 14 wk, animals fed the high-fat diet gained twice as much weight and consumed 32 kJ/d more than controls (both P < 0.05). At 14 wk, plasma leptin concentrations per unit abdominal fat mass were 27% lower in rats fed the high-fat diet (P = 0.058) and there was a significant negative association between leptin concentrations per unit abdominal fat mass and body weight (r = 0.44, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the short term, a moderately high-fat diet is associated with lower than expected circulating leptin concentrations, which correlate with a higher body weight. A high-fat diet may therefore contribute to weight gain by reducing leptin secretion in adipose tissue.     

Body fat accumulation is greater in rats fed a beef tallow diet than in rats fed a safflower or soybean oil diet

The effects of dietary fats , consisting of different fatty acids, on body fat accumulation and uncoupling protein (UCP) in interscapular brown adipose tissue were studied in rats. Metabolisable energy in experimental diets based on safflower oil, soybean oil or beef tallow was measured strictly (experiment 1). Male Wistar rats were then meal-fed an isoenergetic diet for 8 weeks (experiment 2). Each group of rats showed the same weight gain during the 8-week experimental period. Carcass fat content was greater in rats fed the beef tallow diet than in those fed the with the safflower or soybean oil diets, whereas the weight of abdominal adipose tissue was the same for all three dietary groups. Gene expression of UCP1 and the UCP content of the interscapular brown adipose tissue was lower in the beef tallow diet group than in the other dietary groups. A negative correlation was observed between carcass fat content and n-6 unsaturated fatty acid content in dietary fats. These results suggest that the greater body fat accumulation in rats fed the beef tallow diet results from lower expression of UCP1 mRNA and lower UCP content in brown adipose tissue. n-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acids may be the most effective fatty acids in limiting body fat.     

饮食诱导肥胖和肥胖抵抗大鼠脂联素水平研究

目的探讨高脂饲料对大鼠内脏脂肪中脂联素表达和血清中脂联素水平的影响及大鼠肥胖易感性差异的机制。方法 80只雄性SD大鼠,按体重随机分为两组:对照组(n=10),基础饲料喂养20w;高脂组(n=70),高脂饲料喂养12w。第12w末,根据体重将高脂组分为饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)和肥胖抵抗(DIO-R)组,继续喂养8w,观察各组大鼠体重、内脏脂肪湿重、体脂比、热能摄入量及能量利用率的差异;用Real Time PCR法测定内脏脂肪脂联素mRNA的表达水平;ELISA法测定血清脂联素水平。结果 DIO组体重、内脏脂肪湿重、体脂比、能量利用率显著高于对照组和DIO-R,而DIO-R除能量的摄入量显著低于对照组外,其他与对照组相比未见显著性差异;DIO大鼠内脏脂肪脂联素mRNA的表达水平显著低于对照组和DIO-R;DIO大鼠血清脂联素水平显著低于DIO-R。结论高脂饲料诱导下,不同肥胖易感性大鼠体内脂联素水平有明显差异性,脂联素可能在肥胖形成过程中扮演重要角色。     

Effect of triacylglycerols containing medium- and long-chain fatty acids on body fat accumulation in rats

Effect of triacylglycerols containing medium- and long-chain fatty acids (TML) on body fat accumulation was studied in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed an experimental diet containing 25% soybean oil or TML for 6 weeks. The food intake for 6 weeks did not significantly differ between the two diet groups. However, the perirenal and mesenteric adipose tissue weight and carcass fat content were significantly lower in the TML diet group than in the soybean oil diet group. The epididymal adipose tissue weight and liver triacylglycerol content did not significantly differ between the two diet groups. The digestibility of dietary fat did not significantly differ between the two diet groups. These results suggest that an intake of TML decreases body fat accumulation compared to an intake of soybean oil in rats.     

膳食钙对高脂膳食大鼠血糖、血脂及激素的影响

目的　探讨不同剂量膳食钙对高脂膳食大鼠血糖、血脂及激素水平的影响。方法　将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成 6组 ,每组 9只 ,分别喂以基础饲料A组 (5 %脂肪 ,0 5 %钙 )、高脂低钙饲料B组 (15 %脂肪 ,0 0 8%钙 )、高脂正常钙饲料C组 (15 %脂肪 0 5 %钙 )、高脂高钙饲料D和E组(15 %脂肪 ,1%和 1 5 %钙 )和高脂高钙 (15 %脂肪 ,1 5 %钙 ) +维生素D(6 0 0IU % )饲料F组。 9周后断头取血测血糖、血脂和血清胰岛素、甲状腺激素、生长激素和血浆神经肽Y。结果　与C组相比 ,其它各组大鼠体重和体脂含量均显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,胆固醇和甘油三酯各组与C组相比显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,高密度脂蛋白各组均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;C组血糖和胰岛素均增高 ,与C组相比 ,E组胰岛素显著降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,D、E、F组FT3显著增加 (P <0 0 5 ) ,E、F组神经肽Y(NPY)显著降低 ,其余各组无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,生长激素各组间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　高钙膳食可能通过降低血清胆固醇和甘油三酯 ,改善高胰岛素血症 ,降低血浆NPY ,提高血清FT3的水平 ,从而抑制了高脂膳食诱导的肥胖。     

Dietary chickpeas reverse visceral adiposity, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance in rats induced by a chronic high-fat diet

The improved effects of dietary chickpeas on visceral adiposity, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance were examined. Rats were fed a normal-fat diet (NFD), a high-fat diet (HFD) or a high-fat plus chickpea diet (HFD+CP) for 8 months. The epididymal fat pad weight v. total body weight of rats was higher in the HFD group (0.032 (sd 0.0042) g/g) than in the NFD group (0.015 (sd 0.0064) g/g) and smaller in the HFD+CP group (0.023 (sd 0.0072) g/g) compared with the HFD group (P < 0.05). Chickpea treatment also induced a favourable plasma lipid profile reflecting decreased TAG, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and LDL-C:HDL-cholesterol levels (P < 0.05). HFD-fed rats had higher TAG concentration in muscle and liver, whereas the addition of chickpeas to the HFD drastically lowered TAG concentration (muscle, 39 %; liver, 23 %). The activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in epididymal adipose tissue and hepatic TAG lipase in liver recorded a 40 and 23 % increase respectively in HFD rats compared with those in NFD rats; dietary chickpeas completely normalised the levels. Furthermore, chickpea-treated obese rats also showed a markedly lower leptin and LPL mRNA content in epididymal adipose tissue. An insulin tolerance test, oral glucose tolerance test and insulin-releasing test showed that chickpeas significantly improved insulin resistance, and prevented postprandial hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia induced by the chronic HFD. The present findings provide a rational basis for the consumption of chickpeas as a functional food ingredient, which may be beneficial for correcting dyslipidaemia and preventing diabetes.     

合成油的营养评价——(二)合成油饲料对实验性高胆固醇血症大鼠体重、血脂和肝脂成分的影响

在88g基础饲料中加入12g不同种类的油脂(合成油、猪油和豆油)和1％胆固醇喂养大鼠5周以诱导动物产生高脂血症,并以不加入胆固醇的豆油饲料作为正常对照。比较各组动物在实验期内的生长、血清脂质、肝脏脂质和某些内脏器官重量的改变。结果如下: (1)大鼠摄食含不同油脂的致高胆固醇血症饲料5周后,各组雄鼠的体重增加无明显的不同,雌鼠的体重增加则有显著的差别,即合成油组动物的增重显著较猪油组和对照组的为低。 (2)在各种油脂饲料中加入胆固醇都可使动物的肝重增大。猪油组和豆油组动物的肝脏有明显的脂肪肝病变。肝脂含量增加,肝胆固醇和甘油三酯大量积存(分别约为对照组的9-10倍和2-3倍)。而合成油组动物的肝脏外观表现正常,肝脂含量、肝胆固醇和甘油三酯水平则接近对照组的正常水平。 (3)在各种油脂饲料中加入胆固醇喂养大鼠,对雄鼠血清胆固醇水平的影响不明显,但引起雌鼠血清胆固醇的改变和对照组比较,猪油饲料使动物的血清胆固醇含量明显增高,豆 油和合成油饲料则可维持动物的血胆固醇含量于正常水平。血清甘油三酯水平则以合成油饲料组动物的为最高。 (4)在各种饲料中加入胆固醇除增大肝脏重量外,也使雌鼠的主动脉重量增高,但饲料油脂种类对其重量的影响不明显。 上述结果表明,当饲料中含有高水?     

��-Lipoic acid reduced weight gain and improved the lipid profile in rats fed with high fat diet

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of α-lipoic acid on body weight and lipid profiles in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high fat diet (HFD). After 4 weeks of feeding, rats on the HFD were divided into three groups by randomized block design; the first group received the high-fat-diet (n = 10), and the second group received the HFD administered with 0.25% α-lipoic acid (0.25LA), and the third group received the high-fat diet with 0.5% α-lipoic acid (0.5LA). The high fat diet with α-lipoic acid supplemented groups had significantly inhibited body weight gain, compared to that in the HFD group (P < 0.05). Organ weights of rats were also significantly reduced in liver, kidney, spleen, and visible fat tissues in rats supplemented with α-lipoic acid (P < 0.05). Significant differences in plasma lipid profiles, such as total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein, were observed between the HFD and 0.5LA groups. The atherogenic index and the plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio improved significantly with α-lipoic acid supplementation in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Total hepatic cholesterol and total lipid concentration decreased significantly in high fat fed rats supplemented with α-lipoic acid in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), whereas liver triglyceride content was not affected. In conclusion, α-lipoic acid supplementation had a positive effect on weight gain and plasma and liver lipid profiles in rats.     

Low-vitamin-D diet lowers cerebral serotonin concentration in mature female mice

Low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is commonly found in obese individuals and is often attributed to a volume dilution effect of adipose tissue. However, low vitamin D (LD) intake may contribute to the obesity itself. In this study, we examine whether low vitamin D status contributes to increased food intake and weight gain and can be explained by altered brain serotonin metabolism in 8-month-old female C57BL/6J mice. In a first experiment, mice were fed a 45% high-fat diet (HFD) containing different amounts of vitamin D at low (100 IU/kg), normal (1,000 IU/kg) or high (10,000 IU/kg) intake. After 10 weeks, mice fed LD had greater energy intake, weight gain, total and hepatic fat than the higher vitamin D groups (P < .05). In a second experiment, mice were examined for the central serotonin regulation of food intake after a 10% normal-fat diet (NFD) or 45% HFD containing low (100 IU/kg) or normal (1000 IU/kg) vitamin D. After 10 weeks, both HFD and LD diets attenuated circulating 25OHD concentration. Additionally, LD intake lowered cortical serotonin level, regardless of dietary fat intake (P < .05). In the arcuate and raphe nuclei, gene expression of vitamin D 1α-hydroxylase was lower due to LD during HFD feeding (P < .05). Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 and serotonin reuptake transporter gene expression was not altered due to LD. Overall, these findings suggest that a LD diet alters peripheral 25OHD, reduces central serotonin, and may contribute to weight gain in an obesogenic environment.     

Effects of milk fermented by Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 on adipocyte size in rats

Despite adequate scientific evidence of the potential benefits of probiotics to human health or disease prevention, their contribution to the growth of adipose tissue remains to be established. Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet containing skim milk (control diet) or skim milk fermented by Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LGSP diet) for 4 weeks. Their body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, adipocyte size distribution profile, blood and hepatic lipids, and serum leptin, glucose and adiponectin levels were determined. There was a significant reduction in average adipocyte size in mesenteric white adipose tissue (P = 0.004). Moreover, the rats fed the LGSP diet displayed greater numbers of small adipocytes from mesenteric and retroperitoneal adipose tissues than did those on the control diet. Whereas adiponectin concentrations did not differ between the groups, serum leptin concentrations were decreased to 32 % in the LGSP diet group compared with the control group. Concentrations of serum glucose and lipids, and liver lipids, except for the liver TAG level, were similar in the two groups. These results indicate a possible role for a fermented milk product in the regulation of adipose tissue growth.     

Effects of different ratios of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids on regulating body fat deposition in hamsters

ObjectiveEffects of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption on regulating body fat accumulation and body weight gain are controversial between animal and human studies.MethodsWe designed a 2 × 2 factorial study, with two levels of MUFAs (60% and 30%) and two levels of polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio (5 and 3) to prepare four kinds of experimental oils consisting of 60% MUFAs with a high or low P/S ratio (HMHR or HMLR, respectively) or 30% MUFAs with a high or low P/S ratio (LMHR or LMLR, respectively). Thirty-two male golden Syrian hamsters were randomly divided into four groups and fed the experimental diets containing 15% (w/w) fat for 12 wk.ResultsNo difference was observed in the mean daily food intake. Hamsters fed the LMLR diet had increased weight gain, epididymal and retroperitoneal white adipose tissues, plasma non-esterified fatty acids, insulin, hepatic acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase and malic enzyme activities, and mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c among all groups (P < 0.05). Hamsters fed the HMHR diet had lower plasma insulin levels and hepatic acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase activities among groups (P < 0.05) and elevated hepatic acyl coenzyme A oxidase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I activities compared with those fed the LMLR diet (P < 0.05).ConclusionHamsters fed the LMLR diet had increased weight gain and body fat accumulation, whereas the HMHR diet appeared to be beneficial in preventing white adipose tissue accumulation by decreasing plasma insulin levels and increasing hepatic lipolytic enzyme activities involved in β-oxidation.     

Dissociation between Corneal and Cardiometabolic Changes in Response to a Time-Restricted Feeding of a High Fat Diet

Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) ab libitum show corneal dysregulation, as evidenced by decreased sensitivity and impaired wound healing. Time-restricted (TR) feeding can effectively mitigate the cardiometabolic effects of an HFD. To determine if TR feeding attenuates HFD-induced corneal dysregulation, this study evaluated 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice fed an ad libitum normal diet (ND), an ad libitum HFD, or a time-restricted (TR) HFD for 10 days. Corneal sensitivity was measured using a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer. A corneal epithelial abrasion wound was created, and wound closure was monitored for 30 h. Neutrophil and platelet recruitment were assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. TR HFD fed mice gained less weight (p < 0.0001), had less visceral fat (p = 0.015), and had reduced numbers of adipose tissue macrophages and T cells (p < 0.05) compared to ad libitum HFD fed mice. Corneal sensitivity was reduced in ad libitum HFD and TR HFD fed mice compared to ad libitum ND fed mice (p < 0.0001). Following epithelial abrasion, corneal wound closure was delayed (~6 h), and neutrophil and platelet recruitment was dysregulated similarly in ad libitum and TR HFD fed mice. TR HFD feeding appears to mitigate adipose tissue inflammation and adiposity, while the cornea remains sensitive to the pathologic effects of HFD feeding.     

Abietic acid has an anti-obesity effect in mice fed a high-fat diet

We investigated the anti-obesity effect of abietic acid in mice fed a high-fat diet with emphasis on changes in adipogenesis in epididymal adipose tissues. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups and fed a normal diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD plus oral administration of abietic acid (20 mg/kg of body weight/day [LA] or 40 mg/kg of body weight/day [HA]) for 8 weeks. Compared with the HFD group, mice orally administered 40 mg of abietic acid/kg of body weight/day exhibited significantly decreased body weight and adipose tissue weights. Serum triglyceride concentrations in the HA group were significantly lower than those in the HFD group, as were the levels of serum insulin and leptin. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that epididymal adipose tissue mass was decreased by abietic acid administration. Abietic acid also inhibited the protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, and CD36 in epididymal adipose tissues, which are up-regulated by HFDs. These data demonstrate that abietic acid has an anti-obesity effect in mice mediated by the regulation of adipogenesis.     

Sasa borealis Stem Extract Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis in High-Fat Diet-induced Obese Rats

The aim of the current study is to examine the improving effect of Sasa borealis stem (SBS) extract extracts on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in rats. To determine the hepatoprotective effect of SBS, we fed rats a normal regular diet (ND), HFD, and HFD supplemented with 150 mg/kg body weight (BW) SBS extracts for five weeks. We found that the body weight and liver weight of rats in the HFD + SBS group were significantly lower than those in the HFD group. Significantly lower serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were observed in the SBS-supplemented group compared with the HFD group. We also found that the HFD supplemented with SBS group showed dramatically reduced hepatic lipid accumulation compared to the HFD alone group, and administration of SBS resulted in dramatic suppression of TG, TC in the HFD-induced fatty liver. In liver gene expression within the SBS treated group, PPARα was significantly increased and SREBP-1c was significantly suppressed. SBS induced a significant decrease in the hepatic mRNA levels of PPARγ, FAS, ACC1, and DGAT2. In conclusion, SBS improved cholesterol metabolism, decreased lipogenesis, and increased lipid oxidation in HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in rats, implying a potential application in treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.     

Impact of high-protein diets with either moderate or low carbohydrate on weight loss, body composition, blood pressure and glucose tolerance in rats

One approach to achieve weight loss and decrease both obesity and associated morbidities involves high-protein, low-carbohydrate (HPLC) diets. This study compares the impact on metabolic health of HPLC and high-protein, medium-carbohydrate (HPMC) diets offered to diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. Weanling male rats were fed either a 37 % fat diet (n 48) or stock pellets (n 12) for 22 weeks. Rats fed the 37 % fat diet accumulated more body fat (26.6 versus 14.8 % body weight, P < 0.001) compared with those on stock diet. The DIO rats had higher systolic blood pressure (+6.6 mmHg, P = 0.002), fasting insulin (+63 % P = 0.006) and areas under the glucose (+21 %, P < 0.001) and insulin (+81 %, P < 0.001) curves following an oral glucose tolerance test. DIO rats were then separated into four groups and offered for 8 weeks either: (1) the 37 % fat diet; (2) an HPLC or (3) HPMC diet; or (4) fed the 37 % fat diet to the intake of the HPMC group. Rats offered the 37 % fat or HPLC diets gained while those on HPMC lost body fat. Blood pressure was not altered by the dietary switch. Both HPLC and HPMC rats had lowered fasting insulin (P = 0.027) and improved homeostatic assessment (HOMA; P = 0.011) that was not different from those of stock animals. These improvements occurred despite differences in fat gain, and indicate that both weight loss and macronutrient intake can impact favourably on obesity-associated morbidities.     

Assessment of the mechanisms exerting glucose-lowering effects of dried peas in glucose-intolerant rats

The present study compared the effects of feeding uncooked pea fractions (embryo v. seed coat) on glucose homeostasis in glucose-intolerant rats and examined potential mechanisms influencing glucose homeostasis. Rats were made glucose intolerant by high-fat feeding, after which diets containing both high-fat and pea fractions were fed for 4 weeks. Rats fed diets containing uncooked pea seed coats low (non-coloured seed coat; NSC) or high (coloured seed coat; CSC) in proanthocyanidins but not embryos had improved oral glucose tolerance (P?相似文献   

A high-protein, high-fat, carbohydrate-free diet reduces energy intake, hepatic lipogenesis, and adiposity in rats

The aim of this work was to determine the effects in rats of ingesting 1 of 3 diets with normal or high protein concentrations and various carbohydrate:lipid ratios on weight gain, body composition, and the development and metabolism of white adipose tissue (WAT). For this purpose, male Wistar rats were fed for 20 or 42 d a high-carbohydrate, low-fat, normal-protein diet (76, 10, and 14% of energy as carbohydrate, lipid, and protein, respectively, carbohydrate:lipid ratio (C/L) = 7.6), a normal-carbohydrate, low-fat, high-protein diet (35, 10, and 55% of energy as carbohydrate, lipid, and protein respectively, C:L = 3.5), or a carbohydrate-free, high-fat, high-protein diet (45 and 55% of energy as fat and protein, respectively, C:L = 0). Growth, food intake, body composition, WAT cellularity, and several markers of lipogenesis including fatty acid synthase and lipoprotein lipase activities were measured in adipose tissue and liver. Lowering the C:L ratio reduced the development of WAT, weight gain, body fat mass, and adipocyte size, and in rats fed the carbohydrate-free diet (C:L = 0), the total number of adipocytes in subcutaneous WAT. These reductions in adipose tissue development with decreases in the C:L ratio of the diet seemed to be due primarily to reduced hepatic lipogenesis.     

Effect of dietary soluble fiber on neurohormonal profiles in serum and brain of rats

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary soluble fiber administration and /or high fat diet on serum and brain neurohormonal profiles, adipose tissue mass and body weight gain in Sprague-Dawley rats. Four groups of rats were respectively fed 10% fat diet (C), 10% fat plus pectin diet (P), 20% fat diet (HFC) and 20% fat plus pectin diet (HFP) for 4 weeks. In HFP group, the food and energy intake, body weight gain, FER including fecal excretion were the smallest (p<0.05). Serum HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose level were also the lowest in HFP group (p<0.05). The weight of brain, epididymal fat pad and adrenal gland except liver didn''t show any significant differences among groups. Interestingly serum norepinephrine concentration of HFP group tended to be higher, but dopamine concentration tended to be lower than those of HFC group. However serum catecholamine concentration didn''t show any significant differences among all groups. Norepinephrine and epinephrine contents of right portion of midbrain of P and HFP groups were remarkably lower than those of the C group. These results suggested that soluble fiber pectin consumption might affect neurohormonal profiles in serum and brain according to dietary fat level.     

A lower proportion of dietary saturated/monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces the expression of adiponectin in rats fed a high-fat diet

The role for the amount of different dietary fatty acids in regulating expression of adiponectin and metabolism of glucose and lipids has been implicated, but the optimal amount has not been established yet. To address this issue, we fed male Wistar rats with either chow diet or various high-fat diets (HFDs) for 12 weeks. The HFDs contained the same percentage of fat (35% energy from fat) but had different proportions of saturated/monounsaturated/polyunsaturated (S/M/P) (1:1.7:1.2, 1:1:1, 2:1.5:1, 1:2:1, or 1:1:2) fat. Glucose and lipid metabolism and adiponectin expression were subsequently examined. In comparison with chow diet, HFD with any proportion of S/M/P increased energy intake but had no obvious effect on body weight gain. The HFD with the S/M/P proportion at 1:1:1 or 1:1:2 significantly decreased the serum triglyceride level and increased the serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in comparison with the HFD with the S/M/P proportion at 1:1.7:1.2, 2:1.5:1, or 1:2:1. The HFD containing the highest level of saturated fatty acids (S/M/P proportion at 2:1.5:1) increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood glucose. Levels of serum insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index were significantly increased by HFD with S/M/P proportions at 1:1.7:1.2, 1:1:1, 2:1.5:1, or 1:2:1 but not by the HFD with the S/M/P proportions at 1:1:2 (containing the highest level of polyunsaturated fatty acids). Levels of adiponectin messenger RNA in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues were reduced by the HFD with the S/M/P proportion at 1:1.7:1.2 or 1:1:1 but increased by the HFD with the S/M/P proportion at 1:1:2. These changes in expression of adiponectin were inversely associated with those in levels of triglyceride, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Together, the proportion of different fatty acids in diets plays an important role in expression of adiponectin and metabolism of glucose and lipids. Specifically, the proportion of S/M/P at 1:1:2 can promote expression of adiponectin, improve metabolism of glucose and lipids, and increase insulin sensitivity.