血清酶及心电图变化在有机磷农药中毒中的临床意义

目的：研究急性有机磷农药中毒患血清酶及心电图变化的临床意义。方法：所有患入院后均予清除毒物，应用解毒剂和阿托品及其他治疗，入院第二天抽取静脉血测定血清谷草转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸磷酸激酶（CK）、羟丁酸脱氢酶（HBDH）、查心电图；并于同期测定当地30名健康人血清酶及心电图作为对照组。结果：所有中毒组与对照组有显性差异（P＜0．01），轻度中毒组与对照组，中度中毒组与轻度中毒组有显性差异（P＜0．01）、重度中毒死亡组与中度中毒组有显性差异（P＜0．05），重度中毒治愈组与中度中毒组，重度中毒治愈组与重度中毒死亡组无显性差异（P＞0．05），重度中毒组心律失常室速、室颤较其他组高（P＜0．01）。结论：血清酶及心电图变化可用于判断病情的发展趋势和预后，在治疗上具有指导意义。     

急性心肌梗死患者血清钾离子浓度的变化

目的 探讨急性肌梗死与血清钾浓度的关系。方法 测定92例急性心肌梗死患者， 其中合并心功能Ⅳ级（以下简称心衰）30例及112例急性心绞痛患者发病10h内血清钾浓度，并进行对比分析。结果 急性心肌梗死及急性心绞痛患者血清钾浓度比较，两者无明显差异（P＞0．05）；急性心肌梗死后合并心衰患者与急性心肌梗死患者血清钾浓度比较，两者差异有显著性（P＜0．05）；急性心肌梗死患者血清钾浓度与正常平均血清钾浓度比较，两者差异有显著性（P＜0．01）。结论 急性心肌梗死后与血清钾浓度关系密切。     

冠心病患者血清胆红素和尿酸的变化及相关性

目的：观察冠心病患血清胆红素，尿酸含量变化及其临床意义。方法：采用比色法及酶法测定39例冠心病患及30例健康（对照组）血清胆红素，尿酸含量。结果：冠心病患血清直接胆红素，尿酸含量较对照组明显升高（P＜0．01），血清间接胆红素含量明显低于对照组（P＜0．01），血清总胆红素与对照组比较差异无显性（P＞0．05）；心肌梗死组血清总胆红素，直接胆红素，间接胆红素及尿酸含量与心肌缺血组比较无显性差异（P＞0．05）；心肌缺血组心功能Ⅲ-Ⅳ级患血清尿酸含量较心功能Ⅰ-Ⅱ级患升高显（P＜0．05），血清总胆红素，直接胆红素，间接胆红素含量变化与心功能分级关系不明显；经相关分析，冠心病患血清总胆红素，直接胆红素，间接胆红素与尿酸含量间无相关性（P＞0．05）。结论：胆红素，尿酸在冠心病的发病中可能起重要作用。     

口服有机磷农药中毒患者应用盐水洗胃的效果观察

目的：观察应用简易配制盐水洗胃对急性有机磷农药中毒患者发生低钠血症的影响及效果。方法：将88例口服有机磷农药中毒患者按入院时间先后顺序分为观察组（44例）和对照组（44例），对照组以清水洗胃，观察组以简易配制盐水洗胃。比较两组接诊时及洗胃后1h血清胆碱酯酶、血清钠浓度。结果：洗胃后两组血清胆碱酯酶比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而血清钠浓度比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：简易配制盐水洗胃可避免有机磷农药中毒患者洗胃后出现的低钠血症。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚治疗急性有机磷农药中毒的观察

目的观察新型抗胆碱药盐酸戊乙奎醚治疗急性有机磷农药中毒的疗效。方法本组120例急性有机磷农药中毒患者，随机分为盐酸戊乙奎醚治疗组与阿托品对照组。采用推荐剂量按轻、中、重分组治疗，并对治疗效果进行比较。结果盐酸戊乙奎醚对不同程度急性有机磷农药中毒患者毒蕈碱样症状的控制疗效确实可靠，与对照组相比，达到阿托品化时间无明显差异（P〉0．05），但血清心肌酶释放峰值、住院时间、住院费用及用药过量发生率均显著降低（P〈0．05），特别是给药次数极显著减少（P〈0．001）。对急性有机磷农药中毒患者昏迷时间及因胆碱能危象所致呼吸衰竭，呼吸恢复时间均明显缩短（P〈0．05）。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚在治疗急性有机磷农药中毒多方面明显优于阿托品，可以取代传统抗胆碱药阿托品治疗急性有机磷农药中毒。     

50例急性有机磷农药中毒的治疗体会

目的：探讨急性有机磷农药中毒的有效治疗方法及效果。方法：将我院2013年1月至2013年12月收治的50例急性有机磷农药中毒的患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组25例,对照组采用阿托品治疗,观察组采用长托宁治疗,比较两组的治疗效果及不良反应。结果：观察组的阿托品用量少于对照组,起效时间、症状消失时间、全血胆碱酯酶（ChE）活性恢复正常时间、住院时间均短于对照组,中间综合征（ISM）的发生率、病死率低于对照组,有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。两组的阿托品化时间无统计学意义（P＜0．05）。观察组视力模糊、口干、心动过速等发生率均低于对照组,有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：长托宁能够有效提高急性有机磷农药中毒的治疗效果,减少阿托品的用量,降低病死率,减少药物使用的不良反应,值得推广。     

超声对不同染毒剂量兔肾背向散射积分的研究

目的：探讨背向散射积分（IBS）技术描述不同剂量有机磷中毒兔肾改变的价值。方法：建立兔急性有机磷中毒动物模型，分别于染毒后1h和3h对四个不同剂量实验组及对照组行二维超声和IBS检查、二维超声观察肾回声，测量肾大小，IBS定量分析肾改变：结果：任一剂量组染毒后肾回声均无改变。随着剂量的增大和染毒时间的延长，肾体积、长径与对照组相比差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05），体积的变化早于长径。染毒1h后，3．75mL／kg组和5．00mL／kg组肾皮质和髓质IBS％与对照组相比差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；染毒3h后，2．50mL／kg组、3．75mL／kg组和5．00mL／kg组肾皮质和髓质IBS％与对照组相比差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）：结论：不同染毒剂量有机磷类化合物中毒兔肾IBS改变与其病理变化相关，超声检查可为诊断有机磷中毒肾损害提供依据     

增液承气汤内服加灌肠治疗有机磷农药中毒22例疗效观察

目的：观察在常规西药治疗基础上加增液承气汤治疗有机磷农药中毒的临床疗效。方法：将急性有机磷农药中毒患者分为两组,治疗组22例以增液承气汤洗胃后胃内保留,并行结肠灌肠并保留,其后口服;对照组20例以常规洗胃后口服50％硫酸镁导泻。两组病例均按阿托品及解磷定分级用药治疗,给以阿托品及解磷定常规治疗。结果：两组痊愈率比较,治疗组优于对照组,差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。治疗组阿托品过量及反跳发生率少于对照组。两组比较,差异无显著意义（P〉0．05）。恢复胆碱酯酶活性治疗组明显优于对照组,差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。两组排便时间比较,差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论：在常规西药治疗基础上加用增液承气汤综合治疗有机磷农药中毒疗效优于单纯西药常规治疗。     

新生儿窒息患儿血清镁变化与临床关系的探讨

目的：探讨新生儿窒息时血清镁变化与临床的关系。方法：窒息组与对照组均于生后第1天和第4天抽取股静脉血，测血清镁值，进行比较分析。结果：新生儿轻度窒息患儿的血清镁，生后第1天有所降低，但在正常范围内，与对照组无显性差异（P＞0．05），至第4天仍有下降趋势，但仍在正常范围。重度窒息患儿血清镁明显,天至第4天仍有下降趋势，与轻度组，对照组有显性差异（P＜0．01），治愈组与对照组血清镁第1天均在正常范围，且两间无显性差异（P＞0．05），而后遗症及死亡组则明显降低，与对照组比较有显性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：新生儿窒息时血清镁变化与临床有密切关系。     

急性有机磷农药中毒血浆甲状腺激素含量测定的临床意义研究

目的：探讨急性有机磷农药中毒（AOPP）患者血浆甲状腺激素（TSH）的含量与病情变化之间的关系。方法：应用放射免疫分析法测定48例AOPP患者与正常健康人40例的血浆TSH含量。结果：轻度中毒TSH水平T3、T4与对照组无显著差异（P＞0．05）。中度中毒及重度中毒者T3、T4于中毒后均明显降低，并显示中毒程度越重，T3、T4下降和rT3上升越明显，随中毒症状消失及机体各脏器功能的改善，T3、T4、rT3也恢复正常，而血浆TSH水平两组间无显著差异（P＞0．05）。结论：监测有机磷农药中毒患者血浆TSH水平可反映病情程度及评估预后的一项参考指标。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.