鹿鞭及其伪品鉴定方法的研究进展

目的探讨鹿鞭及其伪品鉴定方法的研究进展。方法从性状、理化、生物学等方面归纳目前真伪鹿鞭的鉴定方法。结果寻找到目前为止,鹿鞭及其伪品鉴定方法研究的最新进展。结论 DNA分子标记技术将会与传统鉴定方法并存发展,共同阐明中药材真伪优劣,成为中药材鉴定的有力工具,共同推进中药现代化进程。     

鹿鞭回春胶囊中主要药味的薄层色谱鉴别

目的：建立鹿鞭回春胶囊的质量控制方法。方法：采用薄层色谱法对处方中淫羊藿进行了鉴别。结果：斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰。结论：所建立的薄层色谱鉴别方法可用于鹿鞭回春胶囊的质量控制。     

鹿鞭的真伪优劣鉴定

目的研究鹿鞭的真伪优劣鉴定。方法根据相关专业文献资料，并结合药品市场现状及实际工作经验进行综述。结果市售鹿鞭品种混乱现象严重，且趋于严重。结论应根据现代中药的发展健全质量标准。     

鉴别中药饮片真伪的意义与方法

目的:分析对中药饮片进行真伪鉴定的意义,总结讨论鉴别方法及鉴别效果,为临床用药提供指导。方法:以常见的中药饮片掺假手段和已有的中药饮片真伪鉴别经验为指导,分析中药饮片真伪鉴定的意义,并对中药饮片鉴别方法进行基本描述。结果:通过经验鉴别、显微鉴别、性状特征鉴别等方法,可有效鉴别中药饮片真伪,效果明显。结论:中药饮片在目前的临床治疗中起着重要的作用,对其进行真伪鉴别,可以提高临床治疗效果,避免不良事件的发生,是患者健康的重要保障。     

山豆根与伪品华东木蓝根的真伪鉴别

目的 为山豆根的真伪鉴别提供科学依据.方法 性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别、薄层色谱鉴别.结果 二者有显著差异.结论 四种方法均可用于山豆根的真伪鉴别.     

基于粉末颜色数字化的市售降香真伪判别分析

目的 基于粉末颜色数字化建立鉴别真伪降香数学模型的判别分析。方法 收集39批市售降香样品,使用色差仪测量降香粉末L*、a*、b*、E*ab值,运用显微和薄层方法鉴别市售降香真伪,通过统计学分析,建立市售降香真、伪判别分析模型。结果 通过测定市售降香粉末色差值,建立市售降香真、伪色差判别数学模型,判别真伪结果与鉴别结果一致。结论 通过色差值快速鉴别真伪降香的方法有效,可以为中药材色差鉴别和分析提供参考和依据。     

中药牛黄的鉴别

鉴别牛黄真伪分性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别、经验鉴别。     

蛇床子与伪品旱芹子的真伪鉴别

目的为蛇床子的真伪鉴别提供科学依据。方法从性状、显微、理化等方面进行鉴别。结果二者有显著差异。结论4种方法均可用于蛇床子的真伪鉴别。     

三维荧光指纹图谱用于鉴别真伪厚朴的研究

目的根据三维荧光指纹图谱,建立一种鉴别真伪厚朴的新方法。方法在相同的实验条件下,扫描真伪厚朴的三维荧光指纹图谱,对所得图谱进行对比。结果真伪厚朴的三维荧光指纹图谱在荧光峰个数、峰位置及峰强度方面均有明显差异。结论本方法简单、准确,为鉴别真伪厚朴提供了一种新的手段。     

冬虫夏草的真伪鉴别

目的鉴别冬虫夏草的真伪。方法分别从来源、性状、显微、理化反应和薄层层析综合分析鉴别。结果冬虫夏草正品与伪品存在很大差异。结论5种鉴别方法可清楚鉴别冬虫夏草的真伪。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对大鼠睾丸毒性的研究 Ⅰ.形态学变化及时间-效应关系

本研究对饲喂DBP20,000ppm10、20及30天大鼠睾丸的损伤部位及时间关系,首次进行了观察。结果表明,饲喂DBP20天,大鼠睾丸曲细精管严重萎缩,生精细胞变性、脱落,附睾尾精子计数及活动与不活动精子比值下降,支持细胞的多种细胞器变性。     

保留阴茎浅筋膜包皮环切术的疗效研究

目的探讨保留阴茎浅筋膜包皮环切术的手术方法及治疗效果。方法在准确定位包皮内外板标记线的前提下,分别锐性剥离、切除多余的包皮内外板,保留内外板间的浅筋膜,3-0丝线间断缝合内外板切口。结果所有116例患者,术中出血少,术后水肿轻,无血肿形成,无皮下硬结。结论保留阴茎浅筋膜包皮环切术是治疗包皮过长的理想方法,值得临床推广应用。     

袖套式阴茎固定术治疗隐匿型阴茎

目的探讨隐匿性阴茎的的分类和手术治疗方法。方法对2003年7月-2005年12月年龄从3岁到15岁（平均年龄10岁）20例的隐匿性阴茎病人采用袖套式阴茎固定方法。结果1例术后阴茎回缩,二次再手术成功;其余均一次手术成功。达到了类似于包皮环切的外观效果。总的成功率98%。结论袖套式阴茎固定术是目前治疗隐匿性阴茎最简单和有效的方法之一。     

The use of the bovine retractor penis muscle for the assessment of ganglion-blocking activity of neuromuscular blocking and other drugs

Inhibition of relaxation of strips of the bovine retractor penis muscle induced by a standard dose of nicotine (30 μm) was used for quantitative assessment of the ganglion-blocking activity of eight neuromuscular blocking agents that are in clinical use. The order of potency of the drugs studied was (+)-tubocurarine alcuronium vecuronium metocurine pancuronium atracurium >>> suxamethonium gallamine. The results have been compared to those obtained with other methods. On the basis of the present results, it is concluded that inhibition of the nicotine-induced relaxation of the bovine retractor penis muscle can be used as an alternative, sensitive in vitro method for the assessment of the ganglion-blocking activity of a neuromuscular blocking agent relative to that of, for example, (+)-tubocurarine. Earlier results have showed that this method is useful also for the assessment of the ganglion-blocking activity of other drugs, because it has yielded comparable and reproducible results at the quantitation of this property of actual ganglion-blocking and various antimuscarinic agents. In addition, this method may be useful for rapid screening of ganglion-blocking activity.     

睾丸附睾病变的彩色超声诊断

目的评价实时彩色超声显像在睾丸附睾病变诊断的应用价值。方法应用高频线阵探头对48例睾丸及附睾病变进行检查并诊断,睾丸肿瘤经手术、病理证实。结果31例睾丸病变中,肿瘤14例,炎症8例、扭转2例、挫裂伤7例;17例附睾病变中炎症9例,结核3例、精液囊肿5例。彩色多普勒超声对睾丸及附睾病变的阳性病变诊断合格率为100%。结论彩色多普勒超声对睾丸附睾病变的诊断及鉴别诊断有极为重要的诊断价值。     

Sugita术式治疗儿童隐匿阴茎的临床观察

目的 观察Sugita术式治疗隐匿阴茎的近期疗效.方法 对住院的92例中重度隐匿性阴茎患儿实施Sugita术式治疗,观察其近远期手术疗效.结果 术后4~5 d拆除其阴茎包扎敷料同时拔除尿管,住院5~6 d;所有病例随访时间为10个月至2年,平均随访时间为12.4个月;所有患儿排尿正常,12例患儿出现包皮水肿,于术后8~12周完全消肿.所有患儿阴茎显露良好,家长对其手术疗效表示满意.结论 Sugita术式治疗小儿隐匿性阴茎,手术效果良好,并发症较少,术式设计佳,易于掌握.     

Comparison of benzo(a)pyrene metabolism by testicular homogenate and the isolated perfused testis of rat following 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin treatment

Benzo(a)pyrene (BP) metabolism was studied in the cell free testicular homogenate and in the isolated perfused rat testis 72 h following tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin (TCDD). The BP concentration for both metabolic systems was 2 × 10^–7 M. BP metabolites were extracted from testicular homogenate, perfusate and testicular tissue and subjected to high-pressure liquid Chromatographic analysis. The ratio of various BP metabolites in the cell free homogenates ranged from 3.5 to 164 times those of the isolated perfused testis, and the total BP metabolites in the cell free system of either control or TCDD-induced testis were 16 times that of the intact isolated perfused testis. The major BP metabolites in the organic extractable phase from the isolated perfused testis and the testicular homogenate were BP dihydrodiols and BP phenols, respectively.The ratio of water soluble metabolites to organic soluble metabolites in the homogenate and the isolated perfused testis is 1.1 and 3.0 respectively. Therefore, in the intact isolated testis, water soluble BP metabolites are formed three times greater than those of the organic soluble BP metabolites, and thus suggests that specific conjugating enzyme activities in the intact testis are greater than those of the homogenates. The magnitude of various BP metabolites in either the homogenates or the isolated perfused testis of TCDD treated rats ranged from 1.4 to 2.2 times their respective controls, except 4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene in the isolated perfused testis was not altered by TCDD treatment. In conclusion, the isolated perfused rat testis is metabolically active and capable of biotransforming PAH. This system better reflects metabolic capability of the intact organ in the rats than do cell free homogenate system. The isolated perfused testis system retains the integrity of the complex biological organization of tissues, cell types, and enzymes in testicular metabolism and may provide data that may aid in the prediction of germ cell mutation as well as toxicity.The Abbreviations Used are PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - BP benzo(a)pyrene - 9,10-diol 9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene - 7,8-diol 7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene - 4,5-diol 4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene - 3-OH 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene - 9-OH 9-hy-droxybenzo(a)pyrene - 7-OH 7-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene - 12-OH 12-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene - 1,6-quinone benzo(a)pyrene-1,6-dione - 3,6-quinone benzo(a)pyrene 3,6-dione - 6,12-quinone benzo(a)pyrene 6,12-dione - DMBA 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene - DMN dimethylnitrosamine - 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide 5,7-t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene - HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography - TCDD 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin - HEPES N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethane sulfonic acid - NADP⁺ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - AHH aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase - EH epoxide hydrolase - GSH-T glutathione transferase - HPRT hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase     

不同牛奶消费量对雄性ICR小鼠生殖系统的影响

目的研究不同牛奶消费量对雄性ICR小鼠生殖器官的影响。方法取ICR小鼠(21d)96只,雌雄各半。随机将实验动物分为4组:5ml牛奶组,10ml牛奶组,15ml牛奶组,对照组。小鼠在给予牛奶12周后进行组内雌雄1∶1同笼配对繁殖,同笼6d后处死亲代雄鼠,待子代小鼠断奶后处死亲代雌鼠。喂饲期观察ICR小鼠一般情况、体重、饲料摄入量、交配率、怀孕率,喂饲结束后处死小鼠,观察以下指标:精囊腺、附睾、睾丸的湿重与组织学观察,精子计数,放射免疫法检测血清中雌二醇、雌三醇、睾酮浓度。结果雄性ICR小鼠生殖器官未发现明显的增重或减重,生育能力及病理学观察也未见异常。结论牛奶对雄性ICR小鼠生殖系统无明显影响。     

经冠状沟下方环形切口阴茎延长术治疗隐匿性阴茎

目的介绍一种治疗隐匿性阴茎的阴茎延长术。探讨该手术的适应证、手术方法、手术效果及并发症。方法对12例成年隐匿性阴茎患者实施经冠状沟下方环形切口阴茎延长术。手术步骤包括包皮口成型,肉膜层纤维索条切除,阴茎悬韧带切断等。结果 12例手术均获成功,术后阴茎自然显露长度较术前延长3.5～6cm(平均4.6cm),术后勃起长度较术前延长2～3.5cm(平均2.6cm)。术后包皮内板均有不同程度的水肿。持续35～60d后逐渐消退。术后随访1～6个月,患者对阴茎外形、长度均满意,其中,有性生活的患者对术后性生活质量满意度均有不同程度的提高。结论经冠状沟下方环形切口阴茎延长术可以有效地解决包皮口狭窄对阴茎伸张的限制,便于切除发育不良的纤维索条。具有手术成功率高、术后并发症少等优点,是一种值得进一步研究的手术方法。     

儿童睾丸附件扭转的非手术治疗

目的 讨论儿童睾丸附件扭转非手术治疗的指征和方法。方法 经彩色多普勒超声检查，排除睾丸扭转的36例睾丸附件扭转患儿应用低强度激光局部照射，静脉输入抗生素等非手术治疗。结果 34例睾丸附件扭转患儿用非手术方法治愈，治愈率94．4％，平均治愈时间5．8d。结论 睾丸附件扭转可以用非手术治疗，尤其是低强度激光局部照射可以明显缩短病程。