脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI诊断

目的分析脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现,探讨MRI对该病的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析10例经手术和病理证实的脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现。结果10例脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿主要表现为T1WI等或低信号,T2WI及STIR像为高或混杂信号;椎体呈楔形或扁平状,其中9例前后径增加,3例左右径增加;6例形成椎旁软组织肿块,其中5例表现为袖套状;邻近椎间盘形态正常或轻度膨隆;增强扫描,病变及周围软组织肿块呈明显不均匀强化。结论脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现有一定特点,对于诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

胸椎嗜酸性肉芽肿1例及文献复习

目的结合脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像表现,加强对脊柱椎体破坏性疾病的鉴别诊断能力。方法分析1例胸椎嗜酸性肉芽肿病人的CT及MRI表现,同时就脊柱椎体破坏伴周围软组织影的影像诊断文献予以复习。结果 CT示T7椎体呈楔形,其内可见溶骨性骨质破坏,T6、T8椎体前缘局部皮质不规则,可见骨质破坏;周围软组织呈明显梭形增厚;诸椎间盘信号正常,椎间隙未见变窄。MRI平扫示T7椎体呈楔形,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,T2WI抑脂序列呈高信号,周围可见软组织影包绕;T6、T8椎体于T2WI抑脂序列上信号略增高。MRI增强示T7椎体呈均匀强化;周围软组织影呈均匀强化,强化方式与病变椎体一致。手术后病理学检查结果符合骨的朗格汉斯细胞增生症。结论脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿椎体破坏多位于椎体中部,典型表现为"扁平椎"或"铜板椎",椎间盘不受累,增强扫描椎旁软组织明显强化,信号改变及强化方式与病变椎体一致等影像特点是鉴别诊断的关键。     

脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现

目的探讨脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现. 资料与方法搜集经手术病理证实的脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿患者12例,所有病例均进行了X线平片及MRI检查,重点分析其MRI表现. 结果发生于颈椎3例,胸椎7例,腰椎2例.12例椎体均呈不规则性破坏,MRI表现为楔形或盘状改变,12例中2例椎间隙轻度变窄,2例椎旁软组织肿胀,1例椎弓根及椎板受累;所有病例于T1WI呈低或等信号,T2WI呈高信号,脂肪抑制序列STIR呈高信号改变,增强扫描呈均匀性强化. 结论 MRI能准确显示病变范围、结构及邻近组织改变,大部分病例根据临床及MRI表现,可作出正确诊断,但确诊仍需依靠病理活检.     

儿童脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的CT、MRI表现

目的探讨儿童脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿(eosinophilic granuloma,EG)的CT、MRI表现.材料和方法回顾性分析18例经手术病理证实的儿童脊椎EG的CT及MRI的表现.结果发生于颈椎3例、胸椎7例和腰椎8例.CT表现18例椎体不同程度溶骨性破坏,边缘不规则,椎弓根等附件破坏2例,出现周围软组织肿块3例.MRI表现椎体骨质破坏T1W1呈等信号和T2WI呈稍高信号.椎间隙轻度变窄2例、周围软组织肿胀4例和椎弓根受累4例.结论CT和MRI均能准确显示病变范围、结构及邻近组织改变,大多数病例能正确诊断,但MRI优于CT.     

套袖征：骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现

目的探讨骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现,提高MRI对该病的诊断和鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性分析27例经手术和病理证实的骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现。、结果27例共发现36个病灶。其中脊骨11例,颅盖骨7例,四肢骨4例,髂骨2例,另有3例为多骨受累。病灶MRI表现为T1WI低信号或等信号,T2WI高信号,信号均匀或混杂,增强后多均匀强化。脊骨、颅盖骨及长骨早期病灶周围出现信号与病灶基本一致的软组织肿块,呈两条细长带紧贴于病灶周围,整体呈套袖状;增强扫描“套袖征”显示更清楚。结论骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现具有一定特点,“套袖征”对于诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

颅骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的CT及MRI表现

目的:探讨颅骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的CT及MRI特点,以提高对该病的认识。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的15例颅骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的CT及MRI表现,15例中CT平扫10例,MRI平扫9例,MRI增强扫描6例。结果:15例均为单发,额骨8例,顶骨4例,颞骨2例,枕骨1例。颅骨嗜酸性肉芽肿CT上主要表现为不规则骨质破坏区伴软组织肿块形成,4例见"钮扣征",2例见"双边征"。MRI T1WI多呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号。增强扫描多数明显强化。结论:颅骨嗜酸性肉芽肿影像学表现具有一定特征性,分析其特点有助于提高术前诊断率。     

骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学分析

目的 探讨骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现，资料与方法 回顾分析经病理证实的骨嗜酸性肉芽肿18例，其中X线平片检查16例，CT检查10例，MRI检查4例。结果 颅骨6例，表现为圆形。类圆形骨质破坏伴颅板内外软组织肿块；脊椎5例，椎体不规则破坏，边缘硬化，楔形变，椎旁软组织肿块。严重者椎体压缩呈盘状；肋骨2例，穿凿样或膨胀性骨质破坏；肩胛骨1例，斑片状骨质破坏伴周围广泛增生，有骨膜反应；股骨4例，膨胀性或溶骨性骨质破坏伴骨膜反应。MRI表现，T1WI呈低或等信号，STIR高信号，增强明显强化，18例中正确诊断12例，诊断准确率66.7%。结论 通过影像学检查，并结合临床，大部分骨嗜酸性肉芽肿术前能够正确诊断。CT较X线平片能更好的显示病变结构及邻近软组织的改变。MRI能够精确显示病变的范围。     

脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的影像学表现(附10例分析)

目的　为了提高对脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的认识。方法　回顾分析 10例手术病理证实的脊椎嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线、CT及MRI的表现。结果　椎体呈溶骨性破坏 7例 ,囊性破坏 3例 ,椎间隙不同程度变窄或消失 ,部分椎弓及椎旁软组织受累。结论　椎体破坏与椎弓受累、椎间隙改变及椎旁软组织肿块不成比例 ,破坏区内可残存小骨碎片而无死骨存在等 ,可作为脊椎骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的主要特征表现     

骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的MRI表现

目的 :探讨MRI常规扫描、DWI、SWI及增强扫描在骨嗜酸性肉芽肿(EGB)诊断中的价值。方法 :回顾性分析经病理证实的9例EGB的MRI常规检查、DWI、SWI及增强扫描表现。结果:9例中,多发1例,单发8例。颅骨病变3例,表现为颅骨穿凿样骨质破坏,并软组织肿块,呈哑铃状改变,无骨膜反应。四肢长骨病变3例,骨干为主,局限性骨皮质破坏,出现以病灶为中心超出其范围的层状连续性骨膜反应,骨髓及软组织水肿显著。四肢非长骨病变局限性骨皮质缺损,轻度膨胀,骨髓水肿。脊椎病变2例中,1例早期椎体高度无改变,椎体内及周围软组织肿块,软组织肿块与正常椎体界限清楚,见低信号边,椎体骨髓水肿显著;中晚期椎体成楔形或铜钱样改变,T1WI呈等低信号,T2WI呈混杂高信号,椎间盘不受累。结论 :EGB的高场MRI表现有一定特异性,DWI、SWI对疾病的病理分期有一定价值,SWI对病变内出血的诊断有一定价值。     

MRI诊断骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的价值

目的：探讨MRI对骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的诊断及分期价值。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的27例骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的临床和影像学资料。结果：病灶单发23例,多发4例。4例病灶呈斑片状骨破坏,边缘清但不规则;14例呈类圆形骨质破坏,边界清楚、规则,周围骨髓及软组织明显肿胀;9例呈斑片状骨破坏伴周围硬化,中间伴见分隔。所有病灶T1WI均呈低信号,T2WI呈低于周围骨髓的稍高信号,STIR呈高信号;三维容积快速采集（LAVA）动态增强扫描4例急性期病灶呈持续性环状明显强化,14例肉芽肿期病灶呈均匀持续性强化,9例修复期病灶早期强化不明显而延迟期呈轻度环状、分隔状强化;6例出现骨膜反应。结论：MRI能充分显示骨嗜酸性肉芽肿痛变的范围、细节,能提示病变的分期,对临床诊断、治疗本病具有重要的参考价值。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.