Prevalence of oral methicillin-resistant Staphy/ococcus aureus in an institutionalized veterans population

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) is a nosocomial pathogen now of great concern in nursing homes and other institutional settings. MRSA has been well-documented to inhabit the nares, skin wounds, and respiratory tract, but little is known about its presence in the oral cavity. In this study, all patients admitted to an 80-bed VA extended care facility were cultured weekly for 12 weeks to detect the presence of MRSA in the nares, wounds, in-dwelling devices, and the oral cavity. Of a total of 107 participating subjects, 20 cultured positive for oral MRSA, yielding a prevalence of 18.7%, compared with 19.6% prevalence in the nares —the traditionally accepted screening site for MRSA. There was a 91.6% agreement between oral and nasal carriage in subjects, but four of 107 subjects (3.7%) cultured positive for oral MRSA without evidence of nasal carriage. These results suggest that oral MRSA may be more common than previously thought in high-risk settings, with a prevalence comparable with that of nasal infection. Further investigation is necessary to characterize the factors associated with the presence of MRSA in the oral cavity     

Nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus via the surfaces of the dental operatory

OBJECTIVE: We assess the possibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission via the surfaces of the dental operatory. METHODS: A survey of MRSA contamination on the surfaces of the dental operatory, and an analysis of MRSA transmission via the dental operatory between patients was carried out in the department of special dental care and oral surgery. RESULTS: MRSA was observed on the surfaces of dental operatory including the air-water syringe and reclining chair. Nosocomial infection or colonisation of MRSA occurred in eight out of 140 consecutive patients who had no evidence of MRSA at admission. Antibiograms of 30 antibiotics revealed that the isolates from the eight patients were of the same strain as those from the surface of dental operatory. After treating the patients under a revised infection control (IC) protocol including a single use of barrier covers, MRSA was not detected on the surfaces of the dental operatory, and no nosocomial infection or colonisation occurred during hospitalisation (0/117 patients). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MRSA contaminates the surfaces of the dental operatory, and therefore the dental operatory should be considered a possible reservoir of MRSA.     

Relationship between removable prosthesis and some systemics disorders

This article reviews the dental literature concerning the potential impact of the removable prosthesis (RP) on the health status of patients with certain systemic diseases. Literature was surveyed using Medline/PubMed database resources, as well as a manual search, up to 2015 to identify appropriate articles that addressed the aim of this review. The research used keywords about associations between RP and six pathologies: Human immunodeficiency virus infection, diabetes mellitus, pulmonary diseases, gastric-Helicobacter pylori, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Analysis of literature showed that in patients with dentures having one or more of the six general conditions listed, Candida albicans organism is more frequently found in the oral flora compared to healthy denture wearer. Although causality has not been established and pending further research on this topic, the hygienic practices necessary to minimize the risk of numerous pathologies should be strengthened in the case of these patients, all the more in the presence of physical or psychological disability. The relationship between the general diseases and increasing of oral candidiasis denture patients is not explained. Therefore, attention to oral hygiene and professional care for removing C. albicans may be beneficial in these medically compromised patients.Key Words: Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, pulmonary diseases, removable prosthesis     

Which patients are most at risk of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a review of admissions to a regional maxillofacial ward between 2001 and 2005

This study aimed to identify all Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cases on a Regional Maxillofacial ward, to estimate incidence and to ascertain who were most at risk. The study also explored clinical and demographic factors associated with MRSA in a subset of consecutive patients managed by primary surgery for previously untreated oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC) over the same time period. Patients admitted from 1st April 2001 to 31st March 2006 to the Regional Maxillofacial Unit ward, Liverpool were identified by a retrospective review of the hospital MRSA database and there were 10109 patient admissions. MRSA (1.1%) occurred in 115 patient episodes involving 97 patients. There were 84 patients having a single episode and 13 more than one. There were no cases of mortality due to MRSA. Of the MFU patients 73 were oncology and 7 trauma. In the oncology group the commonest primary sites were wound (41) and sputum (11). Of new patients admitted for definitive treatment for OOSCC, 14% had MRSA and the two main risk factors were stage of cancer (P<0.001) and free flap (P<0.001). The risk of MRSA infection on our maxillofacial ward is low though MRSA infection is more prevalent among oncology patients particularly those requiring free tissue transfer. Careful adherence to infection prevention and control precautions is essential and practical methods to reduce MRSA need further evaluation.     

Staphylococcus aureus in the oral cavity: a three-year retrospective analysis of clinical laboratory data

OBJECTIVE: A retrospective analysis of laboratory data to investigate the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from the oral cavity and facial area in specimens submitted to a regional diagnostic oral microbiology laboratory. METHODS: A hand search of laboratory records for a three-year period (1998-2000) was performed for specimens submitted to the regional diagnostic oral microbiology laboratory based at Glasgow Dental Hospital and School. Data were collected from forms where S. aureus was isolated. These data included demographics, referral source, specimen type, methicillin susceptibility and clinical details. RESULTS: For the period 1998-2000, there were 5,005 specimens submitted to the laboratory. S. aureus was isolated from 1,017 specimens, of which 967 (95%) were sensitive to methicillin (MSSA) and 50 (5%) were resistant to methicillin (MRSA). The 1,017 specimens were provided from 615 patients. MRSA was isolated from 37 (6%) of patients. There was an increasing incidence of S. aureus with age, particularly in the >70 years age group. The most common specimen from which MSSA was isolated was an oral rinse (38%) whilst for MRSA isolates this was a tongue swab (28%). The clinical condition most commonly reported for MSSA isolates was angular cheilitis (22%). Erythema, swelling, pain or burning of the oral mucosa was the clinical condition most commonly reported for MRSA isolates (16%). Patients from whom the MSSA isolates were recovered were most commonly (55%) seen in the oral medicine clinic at the dental hospital, whilst patients with MRSA were more commonly seen in primary care settings such as nursing homes, hospices and general dental practice (51%). CONCLUSION: In line with more recent surveys, this retrospective study suggests that S. aureus may be a more frequent isolate from the oral cavity than hitherto suspected. A small proportion of the S. aureus isolates were MRSA. There were insufficient data available to determine whether the S. aureus isolates were colonising or infecting the oral cavity. However, the role of S. aureus in several diseases of the oral mucosa merits further investigation.     

Prevalence of hepatitis virus infection in association with oral diseases requiring surgery

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the prevalence of hepatitis virus infection in a large population of patients in terms of diseases requiring oral surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective case survey. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus (HBV, HCV) infection were compared between oral diseases such as inflammation, cysts, cancer, trauma, benign tumors, impacted teeth, or jaw deformity in dental inpatients (n = 5830) with adjustment for age, gender, and history of surgery. RESULTS: Of 4402 inpatients, 94 had HB surface(s) antigen (2.1%), while 151 of 2613 were seropositive for HCV (5.8%). Prevalences of HBs antigen and HCV antibody exceeded those in the general population. HBs antigen was more prevalent in patients with benign oral tumors than in patients with impacted teeth, whether or not adjustment was made for age (odds ratios, 4.246 and 5.055 with and without age adjustment, respectively; P < 0.05). On the other hand, HCV antibody was more prevalent in patients with oral cancer than in those with impacted teeth before adjustment for age (odds ratios, 2.433; P < 0.05), but this difference was reversed with age adjustment (odds ratios, 0.443; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: HBs antigen was more prevalent in patients with benign oral tumors, while HCV antibody was higher in patients with oral cancer. However, this increased incidence of HCV antibody apparently was a reflection of age. HCV infection may not have an etiologically important association with oral cancer.     

以口腔表征为首发的血液系统疾病500例临床分析

目的： 探讨以口腔表征为首发症状的血液系统疾病的临床特点,为早期诊断,防止漏诊误诊提供依据。方法： 回顾近5年因口腔症状首诊于上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔相关科室（口腔黏膜病科、牙周病科、牙体牙髓病科和口腔颌面-头颈肿瘤科）的500例血液系统疾病患者的临床资料,分析其口腔表征的多样性及分布情况。结果： 500例首诊于口腔各科的血液系统疾病患者的口腔表征有口腔黏膜和牙龈出血、牙龈增生、口腔黏膜溃疡、口腔黏膜感染及口腔颌面部肿块。其中以口腔颌面部肿块症状首诊者数量居首,占19.8%。血常规、凝血机制和口腔病理活检对血液系统疾病的初步筛查与确诊至关重要。结论： 多种血液系统疾病都可能在疾病初期就出现口腔表征,正确认识血液系统疾病多样性的口腔表征,结合血常规和凝血机制检查以初步筛选血液系统疾病;对表现为口腔颌面部肿块的患者进行肿块活检,可在临床上更早地对血液系统疾病进行诊断和鉴别诊断,从而避免误诊和漏诊。口腔表征的治疗以针对血液系统疾病为主,口腔局部对症治疗为辅。     

Terminal care for oral cancer patients in hospital dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery at a local area

A sequential study concerning suicide of patients with oral cancer, notification of oral cancer, terminal care of patients with oral cancer at home, etc. has been performed in our department. As part of the study, a possible role of hospital dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery at a local area was examined recently with reference to the terminal alleviating care provided to three patients with oral cancer at Joetsu General Hospital. The result was as follows: It is natural that most patients want to die at home in the presence of their family. In order to fulfill such a desire, it is considered necessary that a hospital dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery must handle terminal alleviating care. However, many problems still remain in managing patients with terminal cancer in a hospital dentistry. But also a cooperation with a university hospital and cooperation with the department of dentistry in other hospitals, education activity concerning oral cancer at local medical treatment including within hospital care, effective utilization of local nursing station, and examination of the home care system, are considered essential.

     

曲安奈德口腔软膏治疗充血糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓的疗效及安全性观察

目的:观察曲安奈德口腔软膏治疗充血糜烂型口腔扁平苔藓(EOLP)的疗效及安全性.方法:选择62例经临床确诊的EOLP患者,随机分为2组.实验组29例采用局涂曲安奈德口腔软膏、口服硫酸羟氯喹、口含西吡氯铵含片,对照组33例采用口服硫酸羟氯喹、口含西吡氯铵含片治疗.分别于初诊、第2、4周记录患者病损面积和疼痛程度的变化,并观察初诊和4周后的安全性指标.结果:实验组在2周能加速口腔扁平苔藓的充血糜烂面的愈合(P＜0.05),降低患者的疼痛指数(P＜0.05),但4周后与对照组无统计学差异(P＞0.05).实验组4例唾液真菌感染阳性(P＜0.05),其他安全指标与对照组无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:曲安奈德口腔软膏配合硫酸氢喹、西吡氯铵治疗EOLP,具有良好的疗效和安全性,但要防范局部真菌感染.     

Aetiological factors for oral manifestations of HIV

OBJECTIVES: Describe the oral diseases in HIV-infected individuals in London, UK and identify social and medical factors related to the presence of specific oral diseases.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytic study.
SETTING: Dental clinics.
SUBJECTS: Consecutive sample of 456 patients with HIV infection.
METHODS: Social and medical history and clinical examinations. Univariate and logistic regression analysis.
OUTCOMES: Presence of HIV-associated oral disease.
RESULTS: 80% of patients with AIDS and 50% of patients with HIV had a specific oral disease. The most common diseases were hairy leukoplakia (30%), erythematous candidiasis (24%), pseudomembranous candidiasis (14%), angular chielitis (6%), necrotising periodontal disease (8%) and non-recurrent ulceration (6%).
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of erythematous candidiasis was not related to advanced HIV disease. Pseudomembranous candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia and mucosal ulceration were significantly associated with advanced HIV disease. Smoking was also identified as a strong aetiological factor in oral diseases. Longitudinal studies are required to further explore the prognostic significance of oral diseases in HIV infection.     

High prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody and RNA in patients with oral cancer

We have investigated the correlation between the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is detectable in saliva, and oral cancer and other digestive tract cancers in the Northern Kyushu region of Japan. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected in sera from 24 of the 100 patients with oral cancer (24%, p<0.05 vs the control group, p<0.01 vs the stomach cancer group), in 11 of 104 patients with non-malignant diseases receiving dental treatment (the control group, 10.6%), and in 12 of 113 patients with stomach cancer (10.6%). HCV-RNA was detected in sera from 17 of 100 oral cancer patients (17%, p<0.05 vs the control group) and 4 of 104 patients of the control group (3.9%). These results indicate a high prevalence of HCV infection in oral cancer patients, which warrants a systematic study of etiological associations between oral cancer and HCV.     

0．03％他克莫司软膏治疗口腔糜烂型扁平苔藓的疗效观察

目的：观察局部应用0．03％他克莫司软膏治疗口腔糜烂型扁平苔藓的疗效。方法：选择口腔糜烂型扁平苔藓患者67例并随机分成两组,分别用0．03％他克莫司软膏和局部注射曲安奈德联合维甲酸治疗。结果：随访观察治疗6个月后显效率及不良反应率,两组差异显著。结论：0．03％他克莫司软膏治疗口腔糜烂型扁平苔藓具有良好的临床疗效。     

Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in oral squamous cell carcinoma,oral lichen planus,and normal oral mucosa

OBJECTIVE: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with both malignant and benign diseases in the head and neck region. In several studies it has also been associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a disease with unknown origin, and viral antigens have been proposed as etiologic agents. Smoking and alcohol habits are known risk factors for oral cancer development. In this study, the prevalence of EBV in OSCC and OLP was investigated, along with the effect of smoking, alcohol use, and age on EBV prevalence. STUDY DESIGN: We examined 29 patients with OSCC, 23 with OLP, and 67 with clinically healthy oral mucosa. For EBV DNA analysis, a nested polymerase chain reaction method was used. RESULTS: The overall EBV prevalence in patients with oral disease was 32.1%. Of the OSCC patients, 37.9% were EBV positive; and of the OLP patients, 26.1% were EBV positive. Both percentages were statistically significant compared with that of control patients (7.3%). The difference in EBV prevalence between the smoking control group and the nonsmoking control group was insignificant. Increased age did not enhance EBV prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation shows that EBV is present in oral diseases such as OSCC and OLP. Smoking, alcohol use, or age does not seem to be a risk factor for EBV infection. The etiologic role of EBV in OSCC and OLP needs to be examined in a prospective follow-up study.     

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a primer for dentists

BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW: In 2005 in the United States, an estimated 94,370 new, invasive infections and 18,650 deaths were associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); most of these infections were in people with exposures in health care settings. MRSA also has emerged as a community-based pathogen, causing primarily skin infections that are not life-threatening, but occasionally causing more severe and invasive infections. The authors describe the history of MRSA; identify populations at greatest risk of experiencing MRSA colonization and infection; compare characteristics of MRSA infections occurring in health care and community settings; and summarize strategies, based on U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations and the literature, to prevent transmission of MRSA in dental offices. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Standard infection control precautions should be enforced strictly in all ambulatory care settings, including dental offices, to prevent facility-based transmission of MRSA and other infectious agents.     

综合医院口腔专科夜间急诊1206例临床分析与对策

目的:通过分析口腔专科夜间急诊病例的年龄、性别、就诊时间及病种,分析综合医院口腔科夜间急诊发病规律及特点.方法:收集我院2008.08-2011.07间,急诊病例1206例.按年龄分四个组,对各组就诊患者性别、就诊月份、病种进行统计,结果采用方差分析.结果:1、口腔专科夜间急诊病例的性别比例男∶女为1.32∶1;2、各年龄组就诊最高月份为7月,最低月份为2、3月;3、口腔专科夜间急诊就诊率高的病种分别为:颌面部外伤(38.64％),牙髓炎(13.76％),冠周炎(13.18％)和根尖周炎(8.96％).结论:针对综合医院口腔急诊患者的发病规律和特点,加强口腔急诊医疗救治的管理,提高口腔专科医师的临床急救技能,强化老年患者口腔疾病与全身健康关系的意识,熟悉和掌握临床急救知识,对提升口腔专科急诊医疗质量具有重要意义.     

Managing the care of patients with bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis: an American Academy of Oral Medicine position paper

BACKGROUND: This position paper addresses the prevention of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis (BON) and the management of care of patients with cancer and/or osteoporosis who are receiving bisphosphonates and who have BON or are at risk of developing it. METHODS: The authors reviewed the literature available on this newly described oral complication. Information of interest included bisphosphonates, the medications associated with this oral complication; the patient population at risk of developing BON and the diseases being treated with this class of medications; the clinical presentation of the oral lesions; guidelines for managing the care of patients who develop BON; the prevention of this complication based on current knowledge; and recommendations for routine dental treatment of patients receiving bisphosphonates. RESULTS: There is strong evidence that bisphosphonate therapy is the common link in patients with BON. The pathobiological mechanism leading to BON may have to do with the inhibition of bone remodeling and decreased intraosseous blood flow caused by bisphosphonates. People at risk include patients with multiple myeloma and patients with cancer metastatic to bone who are receiving intravenous bisphosphonates, as well as patients taking bisphosphonates for osteoporosis. The risk of developing complications appears to increase with time of use of the medication. There are no guidelines based on evidence, and the clinical management of the oral complication is based on expert opinion. CONCLUSION: Prevention of BON is the best approach to management of this complication. Existing protocols to manage the care of patients who will receive radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be used until specific guidelines for BON are developed.     

Risk factors in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a population-based case-control study in southern Sweden

In the year 2002, about 275,000 inhabitants around the world developed oral cancer and over half of them will die of their disease within 5 years. Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC) accounts for about 1% of all cancers in Sweden - which is low compared to the incidence on the Indian subcontinent and in other parts of Asia, where it is one of the most common forms of cancer. The incidence in Sweden is increasing, however. The study comprised 80% (132/165) of all consecutive cases living in the Southern Healthcare Region, born in Sweden and without previous cancer diagnosis (except skin cancer), who were diagnosed with OOSCC during the period September 2000 to January 2004. Using the Swedish Population Register, 396 cancer-free controls were identified and matched by age, gender and county. Of these individuals, 320 (81%) agreed to take part in the study. Cases and controls were subjected to a standardised interview, identical oral examinations including panoramic radiographs, and cell sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) analysis. In total 128 patients with planned curative treatment were followed for a median time of 22 months (range 0 - 36). The aims were to assess different potential risk factors in OOSCC such as oral hygiene, dental status, oral mucosal lesions, alcohol and tobacco use, virus infection, and some related to lifestyle. A further aim was to assess the influence of these factors on recurrence or occurrence of a new second primary tumour (SPT) of squamous cell carcinoma. In multivariate analysis average oral hygiene (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1-3.6) and poor oral hygiene (OR 5.3; 95% CI 2.5-11.3), more than 5 defective teeth (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.2-8.2) and more than 20 teeth missing (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.4-8.5), as well as defective or malfunctioning complete dentures (OR 3.8; 95 % CI 1.3-11.4) were identified as significant risk factors for development of OOSCC. Regular dental care reduced the risk of OOSCC (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-0.6). The cases reported a higher consumption of alcohol than the controls. More than 350 g of alcohol per week (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.3-5.4) and 11-20 cigarettes per day (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.3-4.1) were dose-dependent risk factors. The results showed a tendency for women to have a greater risk (OR 1.8) than men at any given level of tobacco consumption. There was no increased risk of OOSCC among users of Swedish moist snuff. There was a significant relationship between high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and OOSCC (OR 63; 95% CI 14-280). Forty-seven of the cases (36%) were high-risk HPV infected and 7 (5.3%) were low-risk HPV infected in the specimens collected from the oral cavity. The corresponding figures for the controls were 3 (0.94%) and 13 (4.1%), respectively. The high-risk HPV types found in the oral cavity were the same types as observed in cervical cancer. Tumour stage was associated with both higher relative rate (RR) of recurrence or second primary tumour (SPT) of squamous cell carcinoma, and death in intercurrent diseases (DICD), defined as death before the occurrence of recurrence or SPT. High-risk HPV infected patients had an almost threefold increased RR of recurrence/SPT, but seemingly a lower RR of DICD compared to high-risk negative cases. Patients with tonsillar carcinoma had a significantly higher cause-specific RR of recurrence/SPT (RR 2.06; CI 0.99 - 4.28) compared to patients with OSCC of other sites. High alcohol consumption was associated with a high RR of recurrence/SPT, but not with DICD. There was no increased RR of recurrence/SPT related to smoking, but an association between smoking and DICD. In conclusion, the results in this study confirm that both smoking tobacco and alcohol consumption are risk factors for OOSCC. The use of Swedish moist snuff had no effect on the risk. Independent risk factors identified are poor oral hygiene, inadequate dental status and malfunctioning complete dentures. Regular dental check-ups are a preventive factor. Among other possible risk factors studied, high-risk HPV infection appears to be the strongest. High-risk HPV infection increases the cause-specific RR of recurrence or SPT. Tumour stage influences the rate of recurrence/SPT.     

胃肠减压在口腔癌根治同期修复重建患者中的应用

目的探讨口腔癌根治同期修复重建术应用胃肠减压的临床效果。 方法选择中山大学附属口腔医院口腔颌面外科行口腔癌根治同期修复重建术患者230例。2010年12月至2013年2月住院手术患者115例为非胃肠减压组,术后未行胃肠减压,于术后第1天予留置胃管并进行鼻饲流质。2013年3月至2014年8月住院手术患者115例为持续胃肠减压组,于术中进行留置胃管,术后即予持续胃肠减压,术后第1天予鼻饲流质。统计持续胃肠减压组与非胃肠减压组术后恶心呃逆、呕吐、返流误吸及吸入性肺炎的发生率,采用卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法比较分析即刻持续胃肠减压在口腔癌根治同期修复重建患者中的作用。 结果非胃肠减压组术后出现恶心呃逆17例（14.78%）、呕吐26例（22.61%）、吸入性肺炎2例（1.74%）。持续胃肠减压组术后出现恶心呃逆5例（4.35%）、呕吐2例（1.74%）,未出现吸入性肺炎。持续胃肠减压组采用即刻持续胃肠减压方法后,其术后呕吐（χ² = 23.410,P = 0.003）,恶心呃逆（χ² = 7.238,P = 0.008）与胃肠反应发生率（χ² = 33.120,P = 0.005）均低于非胃肠减压组,差异有统计学意义。 结论口腔癌根治和修复重建手术患者术后给予持续胃肠减压可减少患者术后恶心呃逆、呕吐的发生,预防术后创口感染,利于皮瓣成活,并可通过引流液性质和引流量动态观察患者术后口内创口渗血情况,及时发现病情的变化,有利于患者安全。     

Arab dentists’ refusal to treat HIV positive patients: a survey of recently graduated dentists from three Arab dental schools

Objective: To assess intended refusal of recent graduates from three Arab dental schools to treat HIV?+?patients and factors associated with this intention.

Materials and methods: In 2015, convenience samples of recent dental graduates were included from Libya, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates. Participants responded to a questionnaire assessing personal background, knowledge of oral manifestations and fluids transmitting HIV, perceived adequacy of training and self-efficacy to manage blood exposures, attitude to risk of infection, moral beliefs and willingness to treat HIV?+?patients. Logistic regression assessed factors associated with intended refusal to treat HIV?+?patients.

Results: The overall response rate was 552/710 (77.8%), mean age?=?23.7 years with 41.8% males. The mean (SD) scores for knowledge of oral manifestations and fluids transmitting HIV were 5.5 (1.3)/8 and 4.2 (1.7)/7. The mean (SD) scores for attitude to risk of infection and moral beliefs were 2.9 (1.0)/4 and 2 (0.9)/3, respectively. One-third of respondents indicated intention to refuse treating HIV?+?patients. Knowledge of body fluids transmitting HIV and moral beliefs were associated with lower odds of refusing to treat HIV?+?patients (OR?=?0.86 and 0.38) whereas attitude indicating greater concern for risk of infection was associated with higher odds (OR?=?1.54).

Conclusions: One third of dentists from three Arab dental schools indicated they would refuse to treat HIV?+?patients. Adequate knowledge and moral beliefs reflecting professional ethics were associated with lower odds of refusal counterbalancing the association with attitude indicating increased concern for risk of infection with implications for dentist education and training.     

胸大肌肌皮瓣修复口腔癌术后缺损并发症原因分析

目的:分析胸大肌肌皮瓣修复口腔癌术后缺损出现并发症的原因。方法:对40例晚期口腔癌患者行扩大根治术后采用胸大肌肌皮瓣修复口内组织缺损,对出现并发症的原因进行总结分析。结果:1例皮瓣部分坏死(2.5%),2例术后伤口裂开形成颏下瘘管(5%),2例颈部伤口感染(5%)。结论:细致的手术操作,术中充分止血,术后通畅的引流及口腔护理可有效避免并发症的发生,提高胸大肌肌皮瓣的移植成活率。